The prevalence of chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as detected by polymerase chain reaction in pharyngeal samples from patients with ischaemic heart disease

European Heart Journal

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 1321-1327

  Gabriel, Amon S ^a   Gnarpe, H ^b   Gnarpe, J ^b   Hallander, H ^c   Nyquist, O ^a   Martinsson, A ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b GÄVLE HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c SWEDISH INSTITUTE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Coronary disease; Helicobacter pylori; Polymerase chain reaction

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM ANTIBODY;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBODY DETECTION; ANTIBODY TITER; ANTIGEN DETECTION; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHLAMYDIASIS; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HUMAN; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THROAT CULTURE; TIME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIBODIES, BACTERIAL; CARRIER STATE; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; PHARYNX; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; REFERENCE VALUES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEROLOGIC TESTS;

EID: 0032170026     PISSN: 0195668X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/euhj.1998.1010     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. [1] Lopes-Virella MF, Virella G. Immunological and microbiological factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1985; 37: 377-86.
2. [2] Beilke MA. Vascular endothelium in immunology and infectious disease. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 2: 273-83.
3. [3] Falck G, Heyman L, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H. Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic pharyngitis. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 179-82.
4. [4] Hammerschlag MR, Chirgwin K, Roblin PM et al. Persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae following acute respiratory illness. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 178-82.
5. [5] Mendall MA, Goggin PM, Molineaux N et al. Association between childhood living conditions and helicobacter pylori seropositivity in adult life. Lancet 1992; 2: 896-7.
6. [6] Saikku P, Mattila K, Nieminen MS et al. Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988; 2: 983-6.
7. [7] Thom DH, Wang SP, Grayston JT et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR antibody and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 547-51.
8. [8] Saikku P, Leinonen M, Tenkanen L et al. Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the Helsinki heart study. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 273-8.
9. [9] Shor A, Kuo CC, Patton DL. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary arterial fatty streaks and atheromatous plaques. S Afr Med J 1992; 82: 158-61.
10. [10] Grayston JT, Kuo CC, Coulson AS. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. Circulation 1995; 92: 3397-400.
11. [11] Mendall MA, Goggin PM, Molineaux N et al. Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary heart disease. Br Heart J 1994; 71: 437-9.
12. [12] Patel P, Mendall MA, Strachan DP et al. Association of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors. BMJ 1995; 311: 711-4.
13. [13] Gaydos CA, Roblin PM, Hammerschlag MR et al. Diagnostic utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay, culture, and serology for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 903-5.
14. [14] Kern DG, Neill MA, Schachter J. A seroepidemiologic study of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Rhode Island. Chest 1993; 104: 208-13.
15. [15] Campbell LA, Perez Melgosa M, Hamilton DJ, Kuo CC, Grayston JT. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 434-9.
16. [16] Falck G, Heyman L, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR): a common agent in acute bronchitis. Scand J Infect Dis 1994; 26: 179-87.
17. [17] Jauhiainen T, Tuomi T, Leinonen M, Kark JD, Saikku P. Interference of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in IgA antibody determinations for Chlamydia pneumoniae by microimmunofluorescence test. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 839-40.
18. [18] Gnarpe H, Unge P, Blomqvist C, Mäkitalo S. Campylobacter pylori in Swedish patients referred for upper GI endoscopy. Acta Patol Microbiol Scandinavica 1988; 96: 128-32.
19. [19] Unge P, Gad A, Eriksson K et al. Amoxicillin added to omeprazole prevents relapse in the treatment of duodenal ulcer patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993; 5: 325-31.
20. [20] Gnarpe J, Eriksson K et al. Sample preparation for Chlamydia pneumoniae PCR. APMIS 1995; 103: 307-8.
21. [21] Kuo CC, Jackson LA, Campbell LA, Grayston JT. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR). Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8: 451-61.
22. [22] Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Sundelöf B. Endemic prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy persons. Scand J Infest Dis 1991; 23: 387-8.
23. [23] Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Lundbäck A, Sundelöf B. Comparison of nasopharynx and throat specimens for diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae by PCR. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1997; 104 (Suppl): 11-2.
24. [24] Hyman CL, Roblin PM, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Schachter J, Hammerschlag MR. Prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy adults: Assessment by polymerase chain reaction -enzyme immunoassay and culture. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 1174-8.
25. [25] Thom DH, Grayston JT, Siscovick DS, Wang S, Weiss NS, Daling JR. Association of prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. JAMA 1992; 268: 68-72.
26. [26] Saikku P. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1993; 14 (Suppl K): 62-5.
27. [27] Karvonen M, Tuomilehto J, Pitkäniemi J, Naukkarinen A, Saikku P. Importance of smoking for Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 1315-21.
28. [28] Mendall MA, Carrington D, Strachan D et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae: Risk factors for seropositivity and association with coronary heart disease. J Infect 1995; 30: 121-8.
29. [29] Muhlestein JB, Hammond EH, Carlquist JF et al. Increased incidence of Chlamydia species within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic versus other forms of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 1555-61.
30. [30] Leinonen M. Pathogenetic mechanisms and epidemiology of Chlamydia pneumoniae. Eur Heart J 1993; 14 (Suppl K): 57-61.
31. [31] Liuzzo G, LM, Gallimore JR et al. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 417-24.
32. [32] Thompson SG, Kienast J, Pyke SDM, Haverkate F, Van De Loo JCW. Hemostatic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 635-41.
33. [33] Lopes-Virella MF, Virella G. Atherosclerosis and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994; 73: 155-67.
34. [34] Wick G, Schett G, Amberger A, Kleindienst R, Xu Q. Is atherosclerosis an immunologically mediated disease? Immunol Today 1995; 16: 27-33.
35. [35] Van Lenten BJ, Fogelman AM, Haberland ME, Edwards PA. The role of lipoproteins and receptor-mediated endocytosis in the transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1986; 83: 2704-8.