Modelling the deposition and biological effects of organic carbon from marine sewage discharges

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 295-308

  Cromey, C J ^a   Black, K D ^a   Edwards, A ^b   Jack, I A ^b  

^a SCOTTISH MARINE INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^b SCOTTISH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Benthic effects; Carbon; G model; Particle tracking; Resuspension; Scotland coast; Sewage

Indexed keywords

BENTHOS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MODELING; ORGANIC CARBON; PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON; POLLUTION EFFECT; SEWAGE OUTFALL;

EID: 0032169597     PISSN: 02727714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/ecss.1998.0353     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Allen, C. M. 1982 Numerical simulation of contaminant dispersion in estuarine flow. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Vol. (A) 381.
2. Bascom, W. 1980 The effects of sludge disposal in Santa Monica Bay. In Coastal Water Research Project Biennial Report. Southern Californian Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Long Beach, California, U.S.A., pp. 197-233.
3. Bascom, W. 1982 The effects of waste disposal on the coastal waters of Southern California. Environmental Science Technology 16, 226-236.
4. Berner, R. A. 1964 An idealized model of dissolved sulfate distribution in recent sediments. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 28, 1497-1503.
5. Berner, R. A. 1974 Kinetic models for early diagenesis of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous and silicon in anoxic marine sediments. In The Sea (Goldberg, E. D., ed.). Volume 5 Wiley, pp. 427-450.
6. Berner, R. A. 1980 A rate model for organic model decomposition during bacterial sulfate reduction in marine sediments. In Biogeochemistry of Organic Matter at the Sediment Water Interface, CNRS Int. Colloq, pp. 35-44.
7. Blackburn, T. H. 1991 Accumulation and regeneration: processes at the benthic boundary layer. In Ocean Margin Processes in Global Change (Mantours, R. F. C., Martin, J. M. & Wollast, R., eds.), John Wiley & Sons, pp. 145-163.
8. Broom, M. J., Davies, J., Hulchings, B. & Halcrow, W. 1991 Environmental assessment of the effects of polluting discharges: stage I: developing a post-facto baseline. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 33, 71-87.
9. Burt, T. N. & Turner, K. A. 1983 Deposition of sewage sludge on a rippled sand bed. Hydraulics Research Report IT248.
10. Conover, R. J. 1978 Transformation of organic matter. In Marine Ecology, Volume IV, Dynamics (Kinne, O., ed.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, U.S.A., pp. 221-499.
11. Eleftheriou, A., Moore, D. C., Basford, D. J. & Robertson, M. R. 1982 Underwater experiments on the effects of sewage sludge on a marine ecosystem. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 16, 465-473.
12. ETS 1996 Deposition of Particulate from Sewage Discharges - Tracer Dispersal Study, Edinburgh STW (Seafield) Outfall, Final report, Environmental Tracing Systems Limited, Helston, Cornwall, TR12 6UG, U.K.
13. Farley, K. J. 1990 Predicting organic accumulation in sediments near marine outfalls. Journal of Environmental Engineering 116, 144-165.
14. Frithsen, J. B., Oviatt, C. A. & Keller, A. A. 1987 A Comparison of Ecosystem and Single-species Tests of Sewage Toxicity: A Mesocosm Experiment Data Report, MERL series report No. 7, the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, U.S.A., 187 pp.
15. FRPB 1982 A study to Investigate the Performance of the Seafield Sewage Outfall using Rhodamine-B Dye. Forth River Purification Board, Edinburgh, U. K., report E87/82.
16. FRPB 1993 A Comprehensive Study of the Kirkcaldy Long Sea Outfall for the Purposes of Article 6 of Dir. 91/271 EEC, the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. Forth River Purification Board, Edinburgh, U.K., Report TW17/93.
17. FRPB 1994a Particle Size Data for Kirkcaldy Preliminary Treated Sewage Discharge. Tidal Waters Group, Forth River Purification Board, Edinburgh, U.K.
18. FRPB 1994e Particle Size Data for Seafield Primary Treated Sewage Discharge. Tidal Waters Group, Forth River Purification Board, Edinburgh, U.K.
19. FRPB 1994c Seafield Long Sea Outfall Survey of Benthos and Sediments. Forth River Purification Board, Edinburgh, U.K., report TW 3/94.
20. Futawatari, T. & Kusuda, T. 1993 Modelling of suspended sediment transport in a tidal river. Coastal and Estuarine Studies 42, 504-519.
21. Ghosh, S., Pohland, F. G. & Gates, W. E. 1972 Phasic utilisation of substrates by aerobic cultures. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 44, 376-400.
22. Gidas, N. K., Carreau, M., Tessier, J. C. & Sapin, V. 1995 The AquaDyn software of the 2DH hydrodynamic model. In Computational Methods in Water Resources XI, Volume 2 (Aldama, A. A., Aparicio, J., Brebbia, C. A., Gray, W. G., Herrera, I. & Pinder, G. F., eds) Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, U.K., pp. 199-206.
23. Harris, J. R. W., Gorley, R. N. & Bartlett, C. A. 1993 ECoS Version 2-a User Manual Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, U.K., pp. 101-102.
24. Hendricks, T. J. 1992 Sediment model verification. In Southern Californian Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report 1990-91 and 1991-92 (Cross, J. N., ed.), SCCWRP, California, U.S.A., pp. 61-69.
25. Hendricks, T. J. & Eganhouse, R. 1992 Modification and Verification of Sediment Deposition Models. Final Report. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Long Beach, California, U.S.A., 330pp.
26. Jorgensen, B. B. 1977 The sulfur cycle of a coastal marine sediment (Limfjorden, Denmark). Limnology and Oceanography 22, 814-832.
27. Kelly, J. R. & Nixon, S. W. 1984 Experimental studies of the effect of organic deposition on the metabolism of a coastal marine bottom community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 17, 157-169.
28. Koh, R. C. Y. 1982 Initial sedimentation of waste particulates discharged from ocean outfalls. Environmental Science Technology 4, 757-763.
29. Krishnappan, B. G. 1991 Modelling of cohesive sediment transport. International Symposium on the Transport of Suspended Sediments and its Mathematical Modelling, Florence, September 1991, pp.433-466.
30. Martens, C. S. & Klump. J. Val. 1984 Biogeochemical cycling in an organic rich coastal marine basin. 4. An organic carbon budget for sediments dominated by sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Geochem. Cosmochim Acta 48, 1987-2004.
31. Mateles, R. I. & Chian, S. K. 1969 Kinetics of substrate uptake in pure and mixed culture. Environmental Science Technology 3, 569-574.
32. Maughan, J. T. & Oviatt, C. A. 1993 Sediment and benthic response to waste water solids in a marine mesocosm. Water Environmental Research 65, 879-889.
33. Mead, C. T. 1991 Random walk simulations of the dispersal of sewage effluent and dredged spoil. In A Detailed Description of SEDPLUME-RW. Hydraulics Research Limited, Wallingford, U.K., (Appendix A) 8 pp.
34. Mead, C. T. & Rodger, J. G. 1991 Random walk simulations of the dispersal of dredged spoil. In Environmental Hydraulics (Lee, J. H. W. & Cheung, Y. K., eds.), AA Balkema Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 783-788.
35. Mearns, A. J. & Word, J. Q. 1982 Forecasting effects of sewage solids on marine benthic communities. In Ecological Stress and the New York Bight: Science and Management (Mayer, G. F., ed.). Columbia S Carolina Estuarine Research Federation, pp. 495-512.
36. Odd, N. V. M. & Owen, M. V. 1972 A two-layer model of mud transport in the Thames Estuary. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 7517S, 175-205.
37. Oviatt, C. A., Quinn, J. G., Maughan, J. T., Ellis, J. T., Sullivan, B. K., Gearing, J. N., Gearing, P. J., Hunt, C. D., Sampou, P. A. & Latimer, J. S. 1987 Fate and effects of sewage sludge in the coastal marine environment: a mesocosm experiment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 41, 187-203.
38. Pearson, T. H. & Rosenberg, R. 1978 Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography Marine Biological Annual Review 16, 229-311.
39. Poulos, S. E. & Collins, M. B. 1994 Effluent dispersion and sediment dispersion at microtidal river mouths, predicted using mathematical models. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 38, 189-206.
40. SCCWRP 1992 Modification and verification of Sediment Deposition Models. Final report, Southern Californian Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Long Beach, California, U.S.A., pp.197-233.
41. SNIFFER 1994 Forecasting the Deposition and Biological Effects of Excess Organic Carbon From Sewage Discharges - a Review of the Literature. Final report No. SR 6002, 32 pp.
42. Stumm-Zollinger, E. 1968 Substrate utilisation in heterotrophic bacterial communities. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation 40, 213-219.
43. Tebbut, T. H. Y. 1992 Principles of Water Quality and Control. Fourth edition. Pergamon Press, pp. 117-134.
44. UKWIR 1996 Forecasting the Deposition and Biological Effects of Excess Organic Carbon from Sewage Discharges. BenOss Version 1. U.K. Water Industry Research Limited, 1 Queen Annes Gate, London SW1H 9BT, U.K., Ref. WW-03.
45. Uncles, R. J., Elliott, R. C. A. & Weston, S. A. 1985 Observed fluxes of water, salt and suspended sediment in a partly mixed estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 20, 147-167.
46. Uncles, R. J., Stephens, J. A. & Woodrow, T. Y. 1988 Seasonal cycling of estuarine sediment and contaminant transport. Estuaries 11, 108-116.
47. Wassmann, P. 1990 Calculating the load of organic carbon to the aphotic zone in eutrophicated coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, 183-187.
48. Wassmann, P. 1991 Dynamics of primary production and sedimentation in shallow fjords and polls of western Norway. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 29, 87-154.
49. Westrich, J. T. & Berner, R. A. 1984 The role of sedimentary organic matter in bacterial sulphate reduction: The G model tested. Limnology and Oceanography 29, 236-249.
50. Word, J. Q. 1979 The infaunal Trophic Index. In Coastal Water Research Project Annual report 1978, El Segundo, California, U.S.A., pp. 19-39.
51. Word, J. Q. 1980 Classification of benthic invertebrates into Infaunal Trophic Index feeding groups. In Coastal Water Research Project Biennial Report 1979-1980. Southern Californian Coastal Waters Research Project, Long Beach, California, U.S.A., pp.103-121.
52. Word, J. Q. 1990 The Infaunal Trophic Index, a Functional Approach to Benthic Community Analyses. PhD thesis, University of Washington, 297 pp.
53. Word, J. Q., Myers, B. L. & Mearns, A. J. 1977 Animals that are indicators of marine pollution. In Southern Californian Coastal Waters Research Project Annual Report 1977. Southern Californian Coastal Waters Research Project Authority, Long Beach, California, U.S.A., pp. 199-206.
54. WRc 1992 Development of a Biotic Index for the Assessment of the Pollution Status of Marine Benthic Communities. Water Research Council pic, P.O. Box 16, Marlow, SL7 2HD, U.K. Final report NR 3102/1.
55. WRc 1993 Light Scattering in Sewage Effluent. A study of the effects of angle of scatter and common light sources. Water Research Council pic, P.O. Box 16, Marlow, SL7 2HD, U.K. R&D project 427/3/H O.