Present use of bedside right heart catheterization in patients with cardiac disease

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 840-864

  Mueller, Hiltrud S ^a   Chatterjee, Kanu ^a   Davis, Kathryn B ^a   Fifer, Michael A ^a   Franklin, Cory ^a   Greenberg, Mark A ^a   Labovitz, Arthur J ^a   Shah, Prediman K ^a   Tuman, Kenneth J ^a   Weil, Max Harry ^a   Weintraub, William S ^a   Forrester, James S ^a   Douglas, Pamela S ^a   Faxon, David P ^a   Fisher, John D ^a   Gibbons, Raymond J ^a   Halperin, Jonathan L ^a   Hochman, Judith S ^a   Hutter Jr , Adolph M ^a   Kaul, Sanjiv ^a   Winters Jr , William L ^a   Wolk, Michael J ^a   more..

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART FAILURE; HEART TAMPONADE; HUMAN; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; TREATMENT INDICATION; UTILIZATION REVIEW; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; HEART DISEASE; HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; MORTALITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK; SURVIVAL;

HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; POINT-OF-CARE SYSTEMS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; RISK; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0032162063     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00327-1     Document Type: Article

References (178)

1. Connors A.F. Jr, Speroff T., Dawson N.V., et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients (SUPPORT Investigators). JAMA. 276:1996;889-897.
2. Dalen J.E., Bone R.C. Is it time to pull the pulmonary artery catheter? JAMA. 276:1996;916-918.
3. Eagle K.A., Brundage B.H., Chaitman B.R., et al. Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) . J Am Coll Cardiol. 27:1996;910-948.
4. Swan H.J., Ganz W., Forrester J., et al. Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. N Engl J Med. 283:1970;447-451.
5. Friesinger G.C. II, Williams S.V. Clinical competence in hemodynamic monitoring a statement for physicians from the ACP/ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Privileges in Cardiology . J Am Coll Cardiol. 15:1990;1460-1464.
6. Ryan T.J., Anderson J.L., Antman E.M., et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction) . J Am Coll Cardiol. 28:1996;1328-1428.
7. Pulmonary Artery Catheter Consensus Conference consensus statement . Crit Care Med. 25:1997;910-925.
8. Practice guidelines for pulmonary artery catheterization a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Pulmonary Artery Catheterization . Anesthesiology. 78:1993;380-394.
9. Naylor C.D., Sibbald W.J., Sprung C.L., et al. Pulmonary artery catheterization can there be an integrated strategy for guideline development and research promotion? JAMA. 269:1993;2407-2411.
10. Sopko G, Gordon B, Wood S. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization and Outcomes: NHLBI and FDA workshop. JAMA. Submitted for publication.
11. Iberti T.J., Fischer E.P., Leibowitz A.B., et al. A multicenter study of physicians' knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group . JAMA. 264:1990;2928-2932.
12. Gnaegi A., Feihl F., Perret C. Intensive care physicians' insufficient knowledge of right-heart catheterization at the bedside time to act? Crit Care Med. 25:1997;213-220.
13. Iberti T.J., Daily E.K., Leibowitz A.B., et al. Assessment of critical care nurses' knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter the Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group . Crit Care Med. 22:1994;1674-1678.
14. Foster E., Schiller N.B. Transesophageal echocardiography in the critical care patient. Cardiol Clin. 11:1993;489-503.
15. Kuecherer H.F., Muhiudeen I.A., Kusumoto F.M., et al. Estimation of mean left atrial pressure from transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography of pulmonary venous flow. Circulation. 82:1990;1127-1139.
16. Nagueh S.F., Kopelen H.A., Zoghbi W.A. Feasibility and accuracy of Doppler echocardiographic estimation of pulmonary artery occlusive pressure in the intensive care unit. Am J Cardiol. 75:1995;1256-1262.
17. Poelaert J.I., Trouerbach J., De Buyzere M., et al. Evaluation of transesophageal echocardiography as a diagnostic and therapeutic aid in a critical care setting. Chest. 107:1995;774-779.
18. Spencer K.P., Krauss D., Thurn J., et al. Transnasal transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 10:1997;728-737.
19. Baxter J.K. Jr, Beilman G.J. Effectiveness of right heart catheterization time for a randomized trial [letter] . JAMA. 277:1997;108.
20. Gore J.M., Goldberg R.J., Spodick D.H., et al. A community-wide assessment of the use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest. 92:1987;721-727.
21. Zion M.M., Balkin J., Rosenmann D., et al. Use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction analysis of experience in 5,841 patients in the SPRINT Registry (SPRINT Study Group) . Chest. 98:1990;1331-1335.
22. Lin D.Y., Psaty B.M., Kronmal R.A. Assessing the sensitivity of regression results to unmeasured confounders in observational studies. Biometrics. 54:1998;948-963.
23. Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med. 317:1987;141-145.
24. Guyatt G. A randomized control trial of right-heart catheterization in critically ill patients Ontario Intensive Care Study Group . J Intensive Care Med. 6:1991;91-95.
25. Cook D., Randolph A., Kernerman P., et al. Central venous catheter replacement strategies a systematic review of the literature . Crit Care Med. 25:1997;1417-1424.
26. Courtois M., Fattal P.G., Kovács S.J. Jr, et al. Anatomically and physiologically based reference level for measurement of intracardiac pressures. Circulation. 92:1995;1994-2000.
27. Carey C.F., Courtois M., Barzilai B., et al. Correct zero reference leveling for the pulmonary artery catheter [abstract]. Circulation. 94:(Suppl I):1995;387-388.
28. West J., Dollery C.T., Naimark A., et al. Distribution of blood flow in isolated lung relation to vascular and alveolar pressures . J Appl Physiol. 19:1964;713-724.
29. Ermakov S., Hoyt J.W. Pulmonary artery catheterization. Crit Care Clin. 8:1992;773-806.
30. Cope D.K., Grimbert F., Downey J.M., et al. Pulmonary capillary pressure a review . Crit Care Med. 20:1992;1043-1056.
31. Rajacich N., Burchard K.W., Hasan F.M., et al. Central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as estimates of left atrial pressure effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and catheter tip malposition . Crit Care Med. 17:1989;7-11.
32. Shasby D.M., Dauber I.M., Pfister S., et al. Swan-Ganz catheter location and left atrial pressure determine the accuracy of the wedge pressure when positive end-expiratory pressure is used. Chest. 80:1981;666-670.
33. Lozman J., Powers S.R. Jr, Older T., et al. Correlation of pulmonary wedge and left atrial pressures a study in the patient receiving positive end expiratory pressure ventilation . Arch Surg. 109:1974;270-277.
34. Gershan J.A. Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Heart Lung. 12:1983;143-148.
35. Bridges E.J., Woods S.L. Pulmonary artery pressure measurement state of the art . Heart Lung. 22:1993;99-111.
36. Levy M.M. Pulmonary capillary pressure clinical implications . Crit Care Clin. 12:1996;819-839.
37. Crexells C., Chatterjee K., Forrester J.S., et al. Optimal level of filling pressure in the left side of the heart in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 289:1973;1263-1266.
38. Stevenson L.W., Tillisch J.H. Maintenance of cardiac output with normal filling pressures in patients with dilated heart failure. Circulation. 74:1986;1303-1308.
39. Cigarroa R.G., Lange R.A., Williams R.H., et al. Underestimation of cardiac output by thermodilution in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Am J Med. 86:1989;417-420.
40. Chatterjee K., Swan H.J., Ganz W., et al. Use of a balloon-tipped flotation electrode catheter for cardiac monitoring. Am J Cardiol. 36:1975;56-61.
41. Vincent J.L., Thirion V.M., Brimioulle P., et al. Thermodilution measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction. Intensive Care Med. 12:1986;33-38.
42. Normann R.A., Johnson R.W., Messinger J.E., et al. A continuous cardiac output computer based on thermodilution principles. Ann Biomed Eng. 17:1989;61-73.
43. Segal J., Pearl R.G., Ford A.J. Jr, et al. Instantaneous and continuous cardiac output obtained with a Doppler pulmonary artery catheter. J Am Coll Cardiol. 13:1989;1382-1392.
44. Stevenson L.W., Perloff J.K. The limited reliability of physical signs for estimating hemodynamics in chronic heart failure. JAMA. 261:1989;884-888.
45. Dash H., Lipton M.J., Chatterjee K., et al. Estimation of pulmonary artery wedge pressure from chest radiograph in patients with chronic congestive cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J. 12:1980;143-148.
46. Fein A.M., Goldberg S.K., Walkenstein M.D., et al. Is pulmonary artery catheterization necessary for the diagnosis of pulmonary edema? Am Rev Respir Dis. 129:1984;1006-1009.
47. Connors A.F. Jr, McCaffree D.R., Gray B.A. Evaluation of right-heart catheterization in the critically ill patient without acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 308:1983;263-267.
48. Mimoz O., Rauss A., Rekik N., et al. Pulmonary artery catheterization in critically ill patients a prospective analysis of outcome changes associated with catheter-prompted changes in therapy . Crit Care Med. 22:1994;573-579.
49. Hancock E.W. Subacute effusive-constrictive pericarditis. Circulation. 43:1971;183-192.
50. Matthay M.A., Chatterjee K. Bedside catheterization of the pulmonary artery risks compared with benefits . Ann Intern Med. 109:1988;826-834.
51. Stevenson L.W., Dracup K.A., Tillisch J.H. Efficacy of medical therapy tailored for severe congestive heart failure in patients transferred for urgent cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 63:1989;461-464.
52. Stevenson L.W., Tillisch J.H., Hamilton M., et al. Importance of hemodynamic response to therapy in predicting survival with ejection fraction less than or equal to 20% secondary to ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 66:1990;1348-1354.
53. Steimle A.E., Stevenson L.W., Chelimsky-Fallick C., et al. Sustained hemodynamic efficacy of therapy tailored to reduce filling pressures in survivors with advanced heart failure. Circulation. 96:1997;1165-1172.
54. Addonizio L.J., Gersony W.M., Robbins R.C., et al. Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 76:1987;52-55.
55. Costard-Jackle A., Fowler M.B. Influence of preoperative pulmonary artery pressure on mortality after heart transplantation testing of potential reversibility of pulmonary hypertension with nitroprusside is useful in defining a high risk group . J Am Coll Cardiol. 19:1992;48-54.
56. Semigran M.J., Cockrill B.A., Kacmarek R., et al. Hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 24:1994;982-988.
57. Williams J.F., Bristow M.R., Fowler M.B., et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol. 26:1995;1376-1398.
58. Goldsmith S.R., Dick C. Differentiating systolic from diastolic heart failure pathophysiologic and therapeutic considerations . Am J Med. 95:1993;645-655.
59. Yarzebski J., Goldberg R.J., Gore J.M., et al. Temporal trends and factors associated with pulmonary artery catheterization in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest. 105:1994;1003-1008.
60. Hochman J.S., Boland J., Porway M., et al. Current spectrum of cardiogenic shock and effect of early revascularization on mortality results of an international registry . (SHOCK Registry Investigators) Circulation. 91:1995;873-881.
61. Blumberg M.S., Binns G.S. Swan-Ganz catheter use and mortality of myocardial infarction patients. Health Care Financing Rev. 15:1994;91-103.
62. DeWood M.A., Notske R.N., Hensley G.R., et al. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation with and without reperfusion for myocardial infarction shock. Circulation. 61:1980;1105-1112.
63. Califf R.M., Bengtson J.R. Cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 330:1994;1724-1730.
64. Stomel R.J., Rasak M., Bates E.R. Treatment strategies for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock in a community hospital. Chest. 105:1994;997-1002.
65. Prewitt R.M., Gu S., Schick U., et al. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation enhances coronary thrombolysis induced by intravenous administration of a thrombolytic agent. J Am Coll Cardiol. 23:1994;794-798.
66. Moosvi A.R., Khaja F., Villanueva L., et al. Early revascularization improves survival in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 19:1992;907-914.
67. Hibbard M.D., Holmes D.R.J., Bailey K.R., et al. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol. 19:1992;639-646.
68. Holmes D.R.J., Califf R.M., Van de Werf F., et al. Difference in countries' use of resources and clinical outcome for patients with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction results from the GUSTO trial . Lancet. 349:1997;75-78.
69. DeWood M.A., Notske R.N., Berg R.J., et al. Medical and surgical management of early Q wave myocardial infarction I. Effects of surgical reperfusion on survival, recurrent myocardial infarction, sudden death and functional class at 10 or more years of follow-up . J Am Coll Cardiol. 14:1989;65-77.
70. Allen B.S., Buckberg G.D., Fontan F.M., et al. Superiority of controlled surgical reperfusion versus percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute coronary occlusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 105:1993;864-879.
71. Mennon V., Sleeper L.A., Fincke R., et al. Outcomes with pulmonary artery catheterization in cardiogenic shock [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 31:(Suppl A):1998;397A.
72. Tcheng J.E., Jackman J.D. Jr, Nelson C.L., et al. Outcome of patients sustaining acute ischemic mitral regurgitation during myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 117:1992;18-24.
73. Clements S.D. Jr, Story W.E., Hurst J.W., et al. Ruptured papillary muscle, a complication of myocardial infarction clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment . Clin Cardiol. 8:1985;93-103.
74. Kishon Y., Iqbal A., Oh J.K., et al. Evolution of echocardiographic modalities in detection of postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect and papillary muscle rupture study of 62 patients . Am Heart J. 126:1993;667-675.
75. Gold H.K., Leinbach R.C., Sanders C.A., et al. Intraaortic balloon pumping for ventricular septal defect or mitral regurgitation complicating acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 47:1973;1191-1196.
76. Yoran C., Yellin E.L., Becker R.M., et al. Mechanism of reduction of mitral regurgitation with vasodilator therapy. Am J Cardiol. 43:1979;773-777.
77. Pichard A.D., Kay R., Smith H., et al. Large V waves in the pulmonary wedge pressure tracing in the absence of mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 50:1982;1044-1050.
78. Snyder R.W. II, Glamann D.B., Lange R.A., et al. Predictive value of prominent pulmonary arterial wedge V waves in assessing the presence and severity of mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 73:1994;568-570.
79. Meister S.G., Helfant R.H. Rapid bedside differentiation of ruptured interventricular septum from acute mitral insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 287:1972;1024-1025.
80. Greenberg M.A., Gitler B. Left ventricular rupture in a patient with coexisting right ventricular infarction. N Engl J Med. 309:1983;539-542.
81. Oliva P.B., Hammill S.C., Edwards W.D. Cardiac rupture, a clinically predictable complication of acute myocardial infarction report of 70 cases with clinicopathologic correlations . J Am Coll Cardiol. 22:1993;720-726.
82. Zehender M., Kaspar W., Kauder E., et al. Right ventricular infarction as an independent predictor of prognosis after acute inferior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 328:1993;981-988.
83. Shah P.K., Maddahi J., Staniloff H.M., et al. Variable spectrum and prognostic implications of left and right ventricular ejection fractions in patients with and without clinical heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 58:1986;387-393.
84. Cresci S.G., Goldstein J.A. Hemodynamic manifestations of ischemic right heart dysfunction. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 27:1992;28-33.
85. Berger P.B., Ryan T.J. Inferior myocardial infarction high-risk subgroups . Circulation. 81:1990;401-411.
86. Goldstein J.A., Barzilai B., Rosamond T.L., et al. Determinants of hemodynamic compromise with severe right ventricular infarction. Circulation. 82:1990;359-368.
87. Goldstein J.A., Tweddell J.S., Barzilai B., et al. Importance of left ventricular function and systolic ventricular interaction to right ventricular performance during acute right heart ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 19:1992;704-711.
88. Dell'Italia L.J., Starling M.R., Blumhardt R., et al. Comparative effects of volume loading, dobutamine, and nitroprusside in patients with predominant right ventricular infarction. Circulation. 72:1985;1327-1335.
89. Kinn J.W., Ajluni S.C., Samyn J.G., et al. Rapid hemodynamic improvement after reperfusion during right ventricular infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 26:1995;1230-1234.
90. Bowers T.R., O'Neil W.W., Grines C., et al. Effect of reperfusion on biventricular function and survival after right ventricular infarction. N Engl J Med. 338:1998;933-940.
91. Goldstein J.A., Vlahakes G.J., Verrier E.D., et al. Volume loading improves low cardiac output in experimental right ventricular infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2:1983;270-278.
92. Bailey J.M., Levy J.H., Kopel M.A., et al. Relationship between clinical evaluation of peripheral perfusion and global hemodynamics in adults after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med. 18:1990;1353-1356.
93. Sanchez R., Wee M. Perioperative myocardial ischemia early diagnosis using the pulmonary artery catheter . J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 5:1991;604-607.
94. Lehot J.J., Carre R., Cottet-Emard J.M., et al. Does Swan-Ganz catheter help in weaning from controlled ventilation after mitral valve replacement? Presse Med. 17:1988;2121-2124.
95. Pierson M.G., Funk M. Technology versus clinical evaluation for fluid management decisions in CABG patients. Image J Nurs Sch. 21:1989;192-195.
96. Moore C.H., Lombardo T.R., Allums J.A., et al. Left main coronary artery stenosis hemodynamic monitoring to reduce mortality . Ann Thorac Surg. 26:1978;445-451.
97. Bashein G., Johnson P.W., Davis K.B., et al. Elective coronary bypass surgery without pulmonary artery catheter monitoring. Anesthesiology. 63:1985;451-454.
98. Tuman K.J., McCarthy R.J., Spiess B.D., et al. Effect of pulmonary artery catheterization on outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Anesthesiology. 70:1989;199-206.
99. Pearson K.S., Gomez M.N., Moyers J.R., et al. A cost/benefit analysis of randomized invasive monitoring for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 69:1989;336-341.
100. D'Alonzo G.E., Barst R.J., Ayres S.M., et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension results from a national prospective registry . Ann Intern Med. 115:1991;343-349.
101. Rubin L.J. Primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 336:1997;111-117.
102. Rich S., Dantzker D.R., Ayres S.M., et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension a national prospective study . Ann Intern Med. 107:1987;216-223.
103. Sandoval J., Bauerle O., Palomar A., et al. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension Validation of a prognostic equation . Circulation. 89:1994;1733-1744.
104. Hopkins W.E., Ochoa L.L., Richardson G.W., et al. Comparison of the hemodynamics and survival of adults with severe primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant. 15:1996;100-105.
105. Galie N., Ussia G., Passarelli P., et al. Role of pharmacologic tests in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 75:1995;55A-62A.
106. Houde C., Bohn D.J., Freedom R.M., et al. Profile of paediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension judged by responsiveness to vasodilators. Br Heart J. 70:1993;461-468.
107. Olschewski H., Walmrath D., Schermuly R., et al. Aerosolized prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 124:1996;820-824.
108. Channick R.N., Newhart J.W., Johnson F.W., et al. Pulsed delivery of inhaled nitric oxide to patients with primary pulmonary hypertension an ambulatory delivery system and initial clinical tests . Chest. 109:1996;1545-1549.
109. Rich S., Brundage B.H. High-dose calcium channel-blocking therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension evidence for long-term reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and regression of right ventricular hypertrophy . Circulation. 76:1987;135-141.
110. Weir E.K., Rubin L.J., Ayres S.M., et al. The acute administration of vasodilators in primary pulmonary hypertension experience from the National Institutes of Health Registry on Primary Pulmonary Hypertension . Am Rev Respir Dis. 140:1989;1623-1630.
111. Palevsky H.I., Schloo B.L., Pietra G.G., et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension vascular structure, morphometry, and responsiveness to vasodilator agents . Circulation. 80:1989;1207-1221.
112. Palevsky H.I., Long W., Crow J., et al. Prostacyclin and acetylcholine as screening agents for acute pulmonary vasodilator responsiveness in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 82:1990;2018-2026.
113. Packer M., Medina N., Yushak M. Adverse hemodynamic and clinical effects of calcium channel blockade in pulmonary hypertension secondary to obliterative pulmonary vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 4:1984;890-901.
114. Morgan J.M., McCormack D.G., Griffiths M.J., et al. Adenosine as a vasodilator in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 84:1991;1145-1149.
115. Palevsky H.I., Fishman A.P. The management of primary pulmonary hypertension. JAMA. 265:1991;1014-1020.
116. Raffy O., Azarian R., Brenot F., et al. Clinical significance of the pulmonary vasodilator response during short-term infusion of prostacyclin in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 93:1996;484-488.
117. Ogata M., Ohe M., Shirato K., et al. Effects of a combination therapy of anticoagulant and vasodilator on the long-term prognosis of primary pulmonary hypertension. Jpn Circ J. 57:1993;63-69.
118. Barst R.J., Rubin L.J., McGoon M.D., et al. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension with long-term continuous intravenous prostacyclin. Ann Intern Med. 121:1994;409-415.
119. Barst R.J., Rubin L.J., Long W.A., et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension the Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group . N Engl J Med. 334:1996;296-302.
120. Cremona G., Higenbottam T. Role of prostacyclin in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 75:1995;67A-71A.
121. McLaughlin VV, Genthner DE, Panella MM, Rich S. Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension. 1998;338:273-7.
122. Matthay M.A., Chatterjee K. Bedside catheterization of the pulmonary artery risks compared with benefits . Ann Intern Med. 109:1988;826-834.
123. Damen J., Bolton D. A prospective analysis of 1,400 pulmonary artery catheterizations in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 30:1986;386-392.
124. Lopez-Sendon J., Lopez de Sa E., Gonzalez Maqueda I., et al. Right ventricular infarction as a risk factor for ventricular fibrillation during pulmonary artery catheterization using Swan-Ganz catheters. Am Heart J. 119:1990;207-209.
125. Shaw T.J. The Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter Incidence of complications, with particular reference to ventricular dysrhythmias, and their prevention . Anaesthesia. 34:1979;651-656.
126. Iberti T.J., Benjamin E., Gruppi L., et al. Ventricular arrhythmias during pulmonary artery catheterization on the intensive care unit prospective study . Am J Med. 78:1985;451-454.
127. Sprung C.L., Elser B., Schein R.M., et al. Risk of right bundle-branch block and complete heart block during pulmonary artery catheterization. Crit Care Med. 17:1989;1-3.
128. Davidson D.J., Harrison J.K. Basic catheter techniques. Invasive Cardiol. 1989;109-134.
129. Hardy J.F., Morissette M., Taillefer J., et al. Pathophysiology of rupture of the pulmonary artery by pulmonary artery balloon-tipped catheters. Anesth Analg. 62:1983;925-930.
130. Pellegrini R.V., Marcelli G., Di Marco R.F., et al. Swan-Ganz catheter induced pulmonary hemorrhage. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 28:1987;646-649.
131. Carlson T.A., Goldenberg I.F., Murray P.D., et al. Catheter-induced delayed recurrent pulmonary artery hemorrhage Intervention with therapeutic embolism of the pulmonary artery . JAMA. 261:1989;1943-1945.
132. Pape L.A., Haffajee C.I., Markis J.E., et al. Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage after use of the flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. Ann Intern Med. 90:1979;344-347.
133. Chastre J., Cornud F., Bouchama A., et al. Thrombosis as a complication of pulmonary-artery catheterization via the internal jugular vein prospective evaluation by phlebography . N Engl J Med. 306:1982;278-281.
134. Pace N.L., Horton W. Indwelling pulmonary artery catheters their relationship to aseptic thrombotic endocardial vegetations . JAMA. 233:1975;893-894.
135. Boyd K.D., Thomas S.J., Gold J., et al. A prospective study of complications of pulmonary artery catheterizations in 500 consecutive patients. Chest. 84:1983;245-249.
136. Sise M.J., Hollingsworth P., Brimm J.E., et al. Complications of the flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter a prospective analysis in 219 patients . Crit Care Med. 9:1981;315-318.
137. Rowley K.M., Clubb K.S., Smith G.J., et al. Right-sided infective endocarditis as a consequence of flow-directed pulmonary-artery catheterization a clinicopathological study of 55 autopsied patients . N Engl J Med. 311:1984;1152-1156.
138. Sasaki T.M., Panke T.W., Dorethy J.F., et al. The relationship of central venous and pulmonary artery catheter position to acute right-sided endocarditis in severe thermal injury. J Trauma. 19:1979;740-743.
139. Singh S., Nelson N., Acosta I., et al. Catheter colonization and bacteremia with pulmonary and arterial catheters. Crit Care Med. 10:1982;736-739.
140. McDaniel D.D., Stone J.G., Faltas A.N., et al. Catheter-induced pulmonary artery hemorrhage Diagnosis and management in cardiac operations . J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 82:1981;1-4.
141. Wiedemann H.P., Matthay M.A., Matthay R.A. Cardiovascular-pulmonary monitoring in the intensive care unit (part 2). Chest. 85:1984;656-668.
142. Mermel L.A., Maki D.G. Infectious complications of Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheters pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, and management . Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 149:1994;1020-1036.
143. Pearson A.C., Castello R., Labovitz A.J. Safety and utility of transesophageal echocardiography in the critically ill patient. Am Heart J. 119:1990;1083-1089.
144. Heidenreich P.A., Stainback R.F., Redberg R.F., et al. Transesophageal echocardiography predicts mortality in critically ill patients with unexplained hypotension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 26:1995;152-158.
145. Khoury A.F., Afridi I., Quinones M.A., et al. Transesophageal echocardiography in critically ill patients feasibility, safety, and impact on management . Am Heart J. 127:1994;1363-1371.
146. Kaul S., Stratienko A.A., Pollock S.G., et al. Value of two-dimensional echocardiography for determining the basis of hemodynamic compromise in critically ill patients a prospective study . J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 7:1994;598-606.
147. Peels C.H., Visser C.A., Kupper A.J., et al. Usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography for immediate detection of myocardial ischemia in the emergency room. Am J Cardiol. 65:1990;687-691.
148. Singh S., Wann L.S., Schuchard G.H., et al. Right ventricular and right atrial collapse in patients with cardiac tamponade - a combined echocardiographic and hemodynamic study. Circulation. 70:1984;966-971.
149. Appleton C.P., Hatle L.K., Popp R.L. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion respiratory variation in transvalvular flow velocities studied by Doppler echocardiography . J Am Coll Cardiol. 11:1988;1020-1030.
150. Smyllie J.H., Sutherland G.R., Geuskens R., et al. Doppler color flow mapping in the diagnosis of ventricular septal rupture and acute mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 15:1990;1449-1455.
151. Stewart W.J., Currie P.J., Salcedo E.E., et al. Evaluation of mitral leaflet motion by echocardiography and jet direction by Doppler color flow mapping to determine the mechanisms of mitral regurgitation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 20:1992;1353-1361.
152. Buda A.J. The role of echocardiography in the evaluation of mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 84:1991;I109-I121.
153. Helmcke F., Mahan E.F. III, Nanda N.C., et al. Two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler color flow mapping in the diagnosis and prognosis of ventricular septal rupture. Circulation. 81:1990;1775-1783.
154. Valdes-Cruz L.M., Horowitz S., Mesel E., et al. A pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method for calculation of pulmonary and systemic flow accuracy in a canine model with ventricular septal defect . Circulation. 68:1983;597-602.
155. Lopez-Sendon J., Gonzalez A., Lopez de Sa E., et al. Diagnosis of subacute ventricular wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction sensitivity and specificity of clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic criteria . J Am Coll Cardiol. 19:1992;1145-1153.
156. Gatewood R.P. Jr, Nanda N.C. Differentiation of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm from true aneurysm with two dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 46:1980;869-878.
157. Lascault G., Reeves F., Drobinski G. Evidence of the inaccuracy of standard echocardiographic and angiographic criteria used for the recognition of true and "false" left ventricular inferior aneurysms. Br Heart J. 60:1988;125-127.
158. Sutherland G.R., Smyllie J.H., Roelandt J.R. Advantages of colour flow imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Br Heart J. 61:1989;59-64.
159. D'Arcy B., Nanda N.C. Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of right ventricular infarction. Circulation. 65:1982;167-173.
160. Rietveld A.P., Merrman L., Essed C.E., et al. Right to left shunt with severe hypoxemia at the atrial level in a patient with hemodynamically important right ventricular infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2:1983;776-779.
161. Dabaghi S.F., Rokey R., Rivera J.M., et al. Comparison of echocardiographic assessment of cardiac hemodynamics in the intensive care unit with right-sided cardiac catheterization. Am J Cardiol. 76:1995;392-395.
162. Brunazzi M.C., Chirillo F., Pasqualini M., et al. Estimation of left ventricular diastolic pressures from precordial pulsed-Doppler analysis of pulmonary venous and mitral flow. Am Heart J. 128:1994;293-300.
163. Vanoverschelde J.J., Robert A.R., Gerbaux A., et al. Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure with Doppler transmitral flow velocity pattern in patients with known heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 75:1995;383-389.
164. Yock P.G., Popp R.L. Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation. 70:1984;657-662.
165. Currie P.J., Seward J.B., Chan K.L., et al. Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients . J Am Coll Cardiol. 6:1985;750-756.
166. Vanoverschelde J.J., Raphael D.A., Robert A.R., et al. Left ventricular filling in dilated cardiomyopathy relation to functional class and hemodynamics . J Am Coll Cardiol. 15:1990;1288-1295.
167. Giannuzzi P., Imparato A., Temporelli P.L., et al. Doppler-derived mitral deceleration time of early filling as a strong predictor of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in postinfarction patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 23:1994;1630-1637.
168. Rossvoll O., Hatle L.K. Pulmonary venous flow velocities recorded by transthoracic Doppler ultrasound relation to left ventricular diastolic pressures . J Am Coll Cardiol. 21:1993;1687-1696.
169. Labovitz A.J., Buckingham T.A., Habermehl K., et al. The effects of sampling site on the two-dimensional echo-Doppler determination of cardiac output. Am Heart J. 109:1985;327-332.
170. Moulinier L., Venet T., Schiller N.B., et al. Measurements of aortic blood flow by Doppler echocardiography day to day variability in normal subjects and applicability in clinical research . J Am Coll Cardiol. 17:1991;1326-1333.
171. Kitabatake A., Ito H., Inoue M., et al. A new approach to noninvasive evaluation of aortic regurgitant fraction by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. Circulation. 72:1985;523-529.
172. Sanders S.P., Yeager S., Williams R.G. Measurement of systemic and pulmonary blood flow and QP/QS ratio using Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 51:1983;952-956.
173. Thys D.M., Abel M., Bollen B.A., et al. Practice guidelines for perioperative transesophageal echocardiography a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography . Anesthesiology. 84:1996;986-1006.
174. Reichert C.L., Visser C.A., Koolen J.J., et al. Transesophageal echocardiography in hypotensive patients after cardiac operations comparison with hemodynamic parameters . J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 104:1992;321-326.
175. Chan K.L. Transesophageal echocardiography for assessing cause of hypotension after cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol. 62:1988;1142-1143.
176. Gold M.R., Siegel J.E., Russell L.B., et al. Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine. 1996;Oxford University Press, New York.
177. Spackman T.N. A theoretical evaluation of cost-effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 8:1994;570-576.
178. Spodick D.H. Flow-directed pulmonary artery catheterization moratorium vs clinical trial . Chest. 95:1989;489-490.