Attachment Behavior in Dogs (Canis familiaris): A New Application of Ainsworth's (1969) Strange Situation Test

Journal of Comparative Psychology

Volumn 112, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 219-229

  Topál, József ^a   Miklósi, Ádám ^a   Csányi, Vilmos ^a   Dóka, Antal ^a  

^a EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DOG; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBJECT RELATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RECREATION; SEPARATION ANXIETY; SOCIAL DISTANCE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TOUCH;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; ANXIETY, SEPARATION; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BONDING, HUMAN-PET; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DOGS; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PLAY AND PLAYTHINGS; SOCIAL DISTANCE; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TOUCH;

EID: 0032158619     PISSN: 07357036     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.112.3.219     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1969). Object relations, dependency and attachment: A theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship. Child Development 40, 969-1025.
2. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1972). Attachment and dependency: A comparison. In J. L. Gewirtz (Ed.), Attachment and dependency (pp. 97-137). Washington DC: Winston.
3. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Wittig, B. A. (1969). Attachment and exploratory behavior of one-year olds in a strange situation. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 111-136). London: Methuen.
5. Arend, R., Gove, F. L., & Sroufe, L. A. (1979). Continuity of individual adaptation from infancy to kindergarten: A predictive study of ego-resiliency and curiosity in preschoolers. Child Development, 50, 950-959.
6. Bard, K. A. (1983). The effect of peer separation in young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology, 5, 25-37.
7. Bard, K. A. (1991). Distribution of attachment classifications in nursery chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology, 24, 88.
8. Barker, S. B., & Barker, R. T. (1988). The human-canine bond: Closer than family ties? Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 10, 46-56.
9. Bowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child's tie to his mother. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 39, 350-373.
10. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. I. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
11. Bowlby, J. (1972). Attachment. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.
12. Cairns, R. B. (1966). Attachment behavior of mammals. Psychological Review, 73, 409-426.
13. Cairns, R. B., & Werboff, J. (1967, November 24). Behavior development in the dog: An interspecific analysis. Science, 158, 1070-1072.
14. Cohen, L. J. (1974). The operational definition of human attachment. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 207-217.
15. Collis, G. M. (1995, September). Health benefits of pet ownership: Attachment vs. psychological support. Paper presented at Animals, health and quality of life: Seventh International Conference on Human-Animal Interactions, Geneva, Switzerland.
16. Connel, D. B. (1976). Individual differences in infant attachment: An investigation into stability, implications and relationships to structure of early language development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY.
17. Connel, J. P., & Goldsmith, H. H. (1982). A structural modeling approach to the study of attachment and strange situation behaviors. In R. N. Emde & R. J. Harmon (Eds.), The development of attachment and affiliative systems (pp. 67-83). New York: Plenum Press.
18. Coppinger, R. J., Glendinning, E., Torop, C., Matthay, C., Sutherland, M., & Smith, C. (1987). Degree of behavioral neoteny differentiates canid polymorphs. Ethology, 75, 89-108.
19. Cox, R. P. (1993). The human/animal bond as a correlate of family functioning. Clinical Nursing Research, 2, 224-231.
20. Crnic, L. S., Reite, M. L., & Shucard, D. W. (1982). Animal models of human behavior: Their application to the study of attachment. In R. N. Emde & R. J. Harmon (Eds.), The development of attachment and affiliative systems (pp. 31-42). New York: Plenum Press.
21. Elliot, O., & Scott, J. P. (1961). The development of emotional distress reactions to separation in puppies. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 99, 3-22.
22. Fisher, A. E. (1955). The effects of differential early treatment on the social and exploratory behavior of puppies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Campus.
23. Frederickson, E. (1952). Perceptual homeostasis and distress vocalization in the puppy. Journal of Personality, 20, 472-477.
24. Freud, A. (1946). The psychoanalytic study of infantile feeding disturbances. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 2, 119-132.
25. Gardner, W. P., & Thompson, L. A. (1983, June). A cluster analytic evaluation of the strange situation classification system. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Detroit, MI.
26. Gewirtz, J. L. (1961). Learning analysis of the effects of normal stimulation, privation and deprivation on the acquisition of social motivation and attachment. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior (pp. 213-299). London: Methuen.
27. Gewirtz, J. L. (1972). Attachment, dependence, and a distinction in terms of stimulus control. In J. L. Gewirtz (Ed.), Attachment and dependency (pp. 139-177). Washington, DC: Winston.
28. Gubernick, D. J. (1981). Parent and infant attachment in mammals. In D. J. Gubernick & P. H. Klopfer (Eds.), Parental care in mammals (pp. 243-300). London: Plenum Press.
29. Hoffman, H. S., & Ratner, A. M. (1973). A reinforcement model of imprinting: Implications for socialization in monkeys and men. Psychological Review, 80, 527-544.
30. Kaufmann, I. C., & Rosenblum, L. A. (1969). Effects of separation from mother on the emotional behavior of infant monkeys. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 159, 681-695.
31. Kraemer, G. W. (1992). A psychobiological theory of attachment. Behavioral Brain and Sciences, 15, 493-541.
32. Kretchmer, K. R., & Fox, M. W. (1975). Effects of domestication on animal behavior. The Veterinary Record, 96, 102-108.
33. Lorenz, K. (1966). On aggression. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.
34. Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, and E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research and intervention (pp. 121-160). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
35. Martin, P., & Bateson, P. (1986). Measuring behavior. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
36. Matas, L., Arend, R. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1978). Continuity of adaptation in second year: The relationship between quality of attachment and later competence. Child Development, 49, 547-556.
37. Miller, L. C., Bard, K. A., Juno, C. J., & Nadler, R. D. (1986). Behavioral responsiveness of young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to a novel environment. Folia Primatologica, 47, 128-142.
38. Miller, L. C., Bard, K. A., Juno, C. J., & Nadler, R. D. (1990). Behavioral responsiveness to strangers in young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Folia Primatologica, 55, 142-155.
39. Millot, J. L. (1994). Olfactory and visual cues in the interaction systems between dogs and children. Behavioural Process, 33, 177-188.
40. New, J. C., (1995, September). Quality of life of companion animals. In Animals, health and quality of life: Seventh International Conference on Human Animal Interactions (pp. 24-25), Geneva, Switzerland.
41. Pettijohn, T. F., Wont, T. W., Ebert, P. D., & Scott, J. P. (1977). Alleviation of separation distress in 3 breeds of young dogs. Developmental Psychobiology, 10, 373-381.
42. Rajecki, D. W., Lamb, M. E., & Obmascher, P. (1978). Toward a general theory of infantile attachment: A comparative review of aspects of the social bond. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 417-464.
43. Rheingold, H. L. (1961). The effect of environmental stimulation upon social and exploratory behavior in the human infant. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behaviour (pp. 143-171). London: Methuen.
44. Ross, S., Scott, J. P., Cherner, M., & Denenberg, V. H. (1960). Effects of restraint and isolation on yelping in puppies. Animal Behavior, 8, 1-5.
45. Scott, J. P., & Fuller, J. L. (1965). Genetics and the social behavior of the dog. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
46. Sears, R. R., Whiting, J. W. M., Novlis, V., & Sears, P. S. (1953). Some child rearing antecedents of aggression and dependency in young children. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 47, 135-247.
47. Serpell, J. (1995). The domestic dog. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
48. Solomon, R. L., & Corbit, J. D. (1973). An opponent-process theory of motivation II: Cigarette addiction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81, 158-171.
49. Voith, V. L., Wright, J. C., & Danneman, P. J. (1992). Is there a relationship between canine behavior problems and spoiling activities, anthropomorphism, and obedience training? Applied Animal Behavior Science, 34, 263-272.
50. Walters, R. H., & Parke, R. D. (1964). Social motivation, dependency, and susceptibility to social influence. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 232-276). New York: Academic Press.
51. Waters, E., Wippman, J., & Sroufe, L. A. (1979). Attachment, positive affect, and competence in the peer group: Two studies in construct validation. Child Development, 50, 821-829.
52. Wickler, W. (1976). The ethological analysis of attachment: Sociometric, motivational and sociophysiological aspects. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 42, 12-28.