Health risks of air pollution from incinerators: A perspective

Waste Management and Research

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 365-388

  Rabl, A ^a,b   Spadaro, J V ^a   McGavran, P D ^c  

^a PSL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY   (France)

^b University of Colorado   (United States)

^c McGavran Toxicology Consulting   (United States)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Dioxins; Dose response function; Health impacts; Impact pathway analysis; Incinerators; Mortality cost; Municipal solid waste; Risk comparisons; Toxic metals

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; CARCINOGENS; GASEOUS EFFLUENTS; HEALTH RISKS; TOXICITY;

DIOXINS; MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES;

REFUSE INCINERATORS;

METAL; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; HEALTH RISK; INCINERATION; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE; RISK FACTOR;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; HEALTH HAZARD; INCINERATION; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT;

EUROPE;

EID: 0032145323     PISSN: 0734242X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X9801600408     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Abbey, D. E., Lebowitz, M. D., Mills, P. K., Petersen, F. F., Lawrence Beeson, W. & Burchette, R. J. (1995) Long-term ambient concentrations of particulates and oxidants and development of chronic disease in a cohort of nonsmoking California residents. Inhalation Toxicology 7, 19-34.
2. AIRPARIF (1994) L'atmosphère capitale (Capital Atmosphere). Paris, France: AIRPARIF.
3. Barrett, K. (1992) Dispersion of nitrogen and sulfur across Europe from individual grid elements: marine and terrestrial deposition. EMEP/MSC-W Note 3/92. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Meteorological Institute.
4. Bascom, R., Bromberg, P. A., Costa, D. L., Devlin, R., Dockery, D. W., Frampton, M. W., Lambert, W., Samet, J. M., Speizer, F. E. & Utell, M. (1996) Health effects of outdoor air pollution. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 153 (Part I-II), 3-50; 477-498.
5. CEC (1994) Draft Directive on Incineration of Waste, as of 20 August 1994. Luxembourg: European Commission, Directorate-General XI.
6. CEC (1995) ExternE: Externalities of Energy. Luxembourg: European Commission, Directorate-General XII, Science Research and Development.
7. Crouch, E. A. C. & Wilson, R. (1982) Risk Benefit Analysis. Cambridge, MA, USA: Ballinger Publishing.
8. Curtiss, P. S. & Rabl, A. (1996a). Impacts of air pollution: general relationships and site dependence. Atmospheric Environment 30, 3331-3347.
9. Curtiss, P. S. & Rabl, A. (1996b) Impact Analysis for Air and Water Pollution: Methodology and Software Implementation. In: Zannetti, P. (ed.) Environmental Modeling, Volume 3. Southampton, UK: Computational Mechanics Publications.
10. Dab, W., Medina, S., Quénel, P., Le Moullec, Y., Le Tertre, A., Thelot, B., Monteil, C., Lameloise, P., Pirard, P., Momas, I., Ferry R. & Festy, B. (1996) Short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution: results of the APHEA project in Paris. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 50 (Suppl. 1), 42-46.
11. Denison, R. A. & Ruston, J. (1990) Recycling and Incineration: Evaluating the Choices. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press.
12. Dockery, D. W, Speizer, F. E., Stram, D. O., Ware, J. H., Spengler, J. D. & Ferries, B. G. (1989) Effects of inhalable particles on respiratory health of children. American Review of Respiratory Diseases 139, 587-594.
13. Dockery, D. W. & Pope III, C. A. (1994) Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annual Review of Public Health 15, 107-132.
14. Dockery, D. W, Pope III, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G. & Speizer, F. E. (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six US cities. New England Journal of Medicine 329, 1753-1759.
15. Dusseldorp, A., Kruize, H., Brunekreef, B., Hofschreuder, P., de Meer, G. & van Oudvorst, A. B. (1995) Associations of PM10 and airborne iron with respiratory health of adults near a steel factory. Americal Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 152, 1932-9.
16. Eduljee, G. H. & Gair, A. J. (1997) Setting the dioxin limits for MSW incinerators: a multimedia exposure assessment framework. Waste Management & Research 15, 335-348.
17. EPA (1989) Risk assessment guidance for Superfund: Volume I Human health evaluation manual. Report EPA/540/1-89/002. Washington, DC, USA: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
18. EPA (1991) Subchapter C-Air Programs. Part 50. National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards. Code of Federal Regulations 50: 693-697. Washington, DC, USA: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
19. EPA (1994a) Estimating exposure to dioxin-like compounds. Report EPA/600/6-88/005Ca, b and c. Washington, DC, USA: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
20. EPA (1994b) Health Assessment Document for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds. Report EPA/600/BP-92/001a, b and c. Washington, DC, USA: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
21. ETSU (1996) Economic Evaluation of the Draft Incineration Directive. Report for the European Commission DG11, ETSU, Harwell Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK.
22. ExternE (1997) New results, to be published by ExternE Program of European Commission, Directorate-General XII, Science Research and Development. CEC, Luxembourg (in press).
23. Frémy, D. & Frémy, M. (1996) Quid 1997. Paris, France: Editions Robert Laffont.
24. Frith, C. H., Littlefield, N. A. & Umholtz, R. (1981) Incidence of pulmonary metastases for various neoplasms in BALB/cStCrlfC3H/Nctr female mice fed N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 66, 703-712.
25. HEAST (1995) Health Effect Assessment Summary Table (HEAST). Report EPA/540/R-95/036. Washington, DC, USA: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
26. Hurley, F. (1997) Personal communication, Institute ot Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
27. Johnson, W. H. & Kearfott, K. J. (1997) Lost life expectancy rate: an application to environmental levels of radiation. Health Physics 73, 312-319.
28. Jones, P. H., de Gerlache, J. Marti, E., Mischer, G., Schemer, M.-C., Bontnick, W. J. &Niessen, H. J. (1993) The global exposure of man to dioxins: a perspective on industrial waste incineration. Chemosphere 26, 1491-1497.
29. Joumard, R., Vidon, R., Paturel, L., Pruvost, C., Tassel, P., De Soete, G. & Saber, A. I. (1995) Évolution des Émissions de Polluants des Voitures Particulières lors du Départ Moteur Froid (Evolution of pollutant emissions by cars, beginning with cold start). Report INRETS no 197, Bron, France.
30. Kim, D. S., Hopke, P. K., Casuccio, G. S., Lee, R. J., Miller, S. E., Sverdrup, G. M. & Garber, R. W. (1989) Comparison of particles taken from the ESP and plume of a coal-fired power plant with background aerosol particles. Atmospheric Environment 23, 81-84.
31. Krewitt, W., Trukenmueller, A., Mayerhofer, P. & Friedrich, R. (1995) EcoSense - an Integrated Tool for Environmental Impact Analysis. In: Kremers, H. & Pillmann, W. (eds.). Space and Time in Environmental Information Systems. Marburg, Germany: Umwelt-Informatik.
32. Krupnick, A. J., Harrington, W. & Ostro, B. (1990) Ambient ozone and acute health effects: Evidence from daily data. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 18, 1-18.
33. Lipfert, F. W. (1994) Air Pollution and Community Health: a Critical Review and Data Sourcebook. New York, NY, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
34. Lubin, J. H. & Boyce, J. D. (1997) Lung cancer risk from residential radon: meta-analysis of eight epidemiological studies. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89, 49-57.
35. Manahan, S. E. (1994) Environmental Chemistry. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press.
36. McGavran, P. D. & Voillequé, P. G. (1995) Analysis of Dioxin Emissions and Risks from the Rocky Flats Plant Incinerators. Radiological Assessments Corporation, Neeses, SC, USA.
37. Mortgat, B. (1996) PTR de Siemens: avènement de l'ère industrielle de la thermolyse des déchets (PTR of Siemens: the arrival of the industrialization of pyrolysis of wastes). Environnement & Technique 160, 61-66.
38. OECD (1995a) OECD Environmental Data Compendium 1995. Paris, France: OECD.
39. OECD (1995b) Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants in OECD Countries. Paris, France: OECD.
40. OECD (1997) Environmental Performance Reviews: France. Paris, France: OECD.
41. ORNL/RFF (1994) External Costs and Benefits of Fuel Cycles. Oak Ridge, TN, USA: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
42. Ostro, B. D. (1987) Air pollution and morbidity revisited: A specification test. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 14, 87-98.
43. Ostro, B. D. & Rothschild, S. (1989) Air pollution and acute respiratory morbidity: An observational study of multiple pollutants. Environmental Research 50, 238-247.
44. Ott, W. R. (1995) Environmental Statistics and Data Analysis. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press.
45. Peyrelongue, J.-P. (1997) GEC ALSTHOM Stein Industrie. Variations et différences de référentiels: influence sur les coûts (Variations and different references: influence on the costs). EUROFORUM, June 3, 1997, Paris, France.
46. Ponce de Leon, A., Anderson, H. R., Bland, J. M., Strachan, D. P. &. Bower, J. (1996) Effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease in London between 1987-88 and 1991-92. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 50 (Suppl 1), 63-70.
47. 10 pollution on symptomatic and asymptomatic children. American Review of Respiratory Disease 145, 1123-1126.
48. Pope, C. A., Thun, M. J., Namboodri, M. M., Dockery, D. W., Evans, J. S., Speizer, F. E. & Heath, C. W. (1995) Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of US adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, 669-674.
49. Rabl, A. (1998) Quantifying the Benefits of Air Pollution Control: the Interpretation of Exposure-Response Functions for Mortality. Journal of Hazardous Materials (in press).
50. Rabl, A. & Spadaro, J. V. (1998) Environmental Damages and Costs: an Analysis of Uncertainties. Paris, France: ExternE Program (in press).
51. x and VOC Emissions. Environment International (in press).
52. Rabl, A. & Peuportier, B. (1995) Impact Pathway Analysis: a Tool for Improving Environmental Decision Processes. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 15, 421-442.
53. Rabl, A., Curtiss, P. S., Spadaro, J. V., Hernandez, B., Pons, A., Dreicer, M., Tort, V., Margerie, H., Landrieu, G., Desaigues, B. & Proult, D. (1996) Environmental Impacts and Costs: the Nuclear and the Fossil Fuel Cycles. Report to EC, DG XII, Version 3.0 June 1996. Centre d'Energétique; Ecole des Mines, St.-Michel, Paris, France.
54. Roemer, W., Hoek, G. & Brunekreef, B. (1993) Effect of ambient winter air pollution on respiratory health of children with chronic respiratory symptoms. American Review of Respiratory Disorders 147, 118-124.
55. Rowe, R. D., Lang, C. M., Chestnut, L. G., Latimer, D., Rae, D., Bernow, S. M. & White, D. (1995) The New York Electricity Externality Study. Dobbs Ferry, NY, USA: Oceana Publications.
56. Sandnes, H. (1993) Calculated budgets for airborne acidifying components in Europe. EMEP/MSC-W Report 1/93. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Meteorological Institute.
57. Schwartz, J. & Morris, R. (1995) Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Detroit, MI. American Journal of Epidemiology 142, 23-35.
58. Seinfeld, J. H. (1986) Atmospheric chemistry and physics of air pollution. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons.
59. Simpson, D. (1993) Photochemical model calculations over Europe for two extended summer periods: 1985 and 1989. Model results and comparison with observations. Atmospheric Environment 27A, 921-943.
60. Steenland, K., Thun, M., Lally, C. & Heath, C. (1996) Environmental tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease in the American Cancer Society CPS-II cohort. Circulation 94, 622-628.
61. Steverson, E. M. (1994). The US approach to incinerator regulation. In: Hester, R. E. & Harrison, R. A. (eds.) Waste Incineration and the Environment. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
62. Stroebel, R., Berthelot, V. & Charré, B. (1995) La qualité de l'air en France 1993-94 (Air quality in France 1993-94). Paris, France: ADEME and The Ministry of the Environment.
63. Sunyer, J., Castellsague, J., Saez, M., Tobias, A., Anto, J. M. (1996) Air pollution and mortality in Barcelona. J Epidem Comm Health 50 (Suppl 1), 76-80.
64. Tabet, J. P. (1996) Une technologie respectueuse de la qualité de l'air: la cogénération (Cogeneration: a technology that respects air quality). Paris, France: Les Entretiens de la Technologie.
65. Tschirley, F. H. (1986) Dioxin. Scientific American 254, 29.
66. USDOC (1993) Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, DC, USA: US Department of Commerce.
67. Vienna (1995) Spittelau District Heating Plant: a Description of the Works and Functions. Vienna, Austria: Fernwärme Wien.
68. Wackter, D. J. & Foster, J. A. (1987) Industrial source complex (ISC) dispersion model user's guide. Vol. 1 (second edition), EPA 450/4-88-002a. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA: USEPA.
69. WHO (1987) Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization.
70. Williams, P. T. (1994) Pollutants from incineration: an overview. In: Hester, R. E. &. Harrison, R. A. (eds.) Waste Incineration and the Environment. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
71. Wilson, R. & Spengler, J. D. (eds.) (1996) Particles in Our Air: Concentrations and Health Effects. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
72. Wordley, J, Walters, S. & Ayres, J. G. (1997) Short term variations in hospital admissions and mortality and particulate air pollution. (as cited by ExternE 1997).
73. WRI (1994) World Resources 1994-95. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
74. Zannetti, P. (1990) Air Pollution Modeling: Theories, computational methods and available software. New York, NY, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold.