Archean magmatism and deformation were not products of plate tectonics

Precambrian Research

Volumn 91, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 143-179

  Hamilton, Warren B ^a  

^a Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEAN; DEFORMATION; GREENSTONE BELT; MAGMATISM; PLATE TECTONICS;

EID: 0032144658     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00042-4     Document Type: Article

References (203)

1. Abbott, D., Burgess, L., Longhi, J., Smith, W.H.F., 1994. An empirical thermal history of the Earth's upper mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 13835-13850.
2. Abe, Y., 1993. Physical state of the very early Earth. Lithos 30, 223-235.
3. Agee, C.B., Longhi, J. (Eds.), 1992. Workshop on the physics and chemistry of magma oceans from 1 bar to 4 mbar. Lunar and Planetary Inst. Tech. Rept. 92-03.
4. Anderson, D.L., 1989. Theory of the Earth. Blackwell, Boston.
5. Anderson, D.L., 1998. A theory of the Earth-Hutton and Humpty-Dumpty and Holmes. In: Geol. Soc. London, Hutton Conf. Spec. Pub., in press.
6. Anderson, D.L., Tanimoto, T., Zhang, Y.-S., 1992. Plate tectonics and hotspots, the third dimension. Science 256, 1645-1651.
7. Armstrong, R.L., 1991. The persistent myth of crustal growth. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 38, 613-630.
8. Atwater, T., Severinghaus, J., 1989. Tectonic maps of the northeast Pacific. In: E.L. Winterer, D.M. Hussong, R.W. Decker (Eds.), The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii, Geol. Soc. America, Geology of North America, v. N, pp. 188-217.
9. Ayres, L.D., 1978. Metamorphism in the Superior Province of northwestern Ontario and its relationship to crustal development. Geol. Surv. Canada Paper 78-10, pp. 25-36.
10. Ayres, L.D., Corfu, F., 1991. Stacking of disparate volcanic and sedimentary units by thrusting in the Archean Favourable Lake greenstone belt, central Canada. Precambrian Res. 50, 221-238.
11. Ayres, L.D., Thurston, P.C., 1985. Archean supracrustal sequences in the Canadian Shield - an overview. Geol. Assoc. Canada Sp. Paper 28, pp. 343-370.
12. Ayres, L.D., Halden, N.M., Ziehlke, D.V., 1991. The Aulneau Batholith - Archean diapirism preceded by coalescence of granitoid magma at depth. Precambrian Res. 51, 27-50.
13. Ballard, S., Pollack, H.N., 1988. Modern and ancient geotherms beneath southern Africa. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 88, 132-142.
14. Barrie, C.T., Shirey, S.B., 1991. Nd-and Sr-isotope systematics for the Komiskotla-Montcalm area - implications for the formation of late Archean crust in the western Abitibi Subprovince, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 28, 58-76.
15. Barrie, C.T., Ludden, J.N., Green, T.H., 1993. Geochemistry of volcanic rocks associated with Cu-Zn and Ni-Cu deposits in the Abitibi subprovince. Econ. Geol. 88, 1341-1358.
16. Barton, J.M., Jr., 1983. Our understanding of the Limpopo Belt - a summary with proposals for future research. Geol. Soc. S. Africa Sp. Pub. 8, 191-203.
17. Bateman, P.C., 1992. Pre-Tertiary bedrock geologic map of the Mariposa 1° by 2° quadrangle, Sierra Nevada, California; Nevada. U.S. Geol. Surv. Map I-1960, 1:250 000.
18. Beakhouse, G.P., McNutt, R.H., Krogh, T.E., 1988. Comparative Rb-Sr and U-Pb zircon geochronology of late-to post-tectonic plutons in the Winnipeg River belt, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Chem. Geol. 72, 337-351.
19. Bellefleur, G., Barnes, A., Calvert, A., Hubert, C., Mareschal, M., 1995. Seismic reflection constraints from Lithoprobe line 29 on the upper crustal structure of the northern Abitibi greenstone belt. Can. J. Earth Sci. 32, 128-134.
20. Bellefleur, G., Calvert, A.J., Chouteau, M.C., 1997. A link between deformation history and the orientation of reflective structures in the 2.68-2.83 Ga Opatica belt of the Canadian Superior Province. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 15243-15267.
21. Bickle, M.J., Nisbet, E.G., Martin, A., 1995. Archean greenstone belts are not oceanic crust. J. Geol. 102, 121-138.
22. Blackburn, C.E., 1981. Kenora-Fort Frances. Ontario Geol. Surv. Map 2443, 1:253 440.
23. Bowring, S.A., Housh, T., 1995. The Earth's early evolution. Science 269, 1535-1540.
24. Bowring, S.A., Williams, I.S., Compston, W., 1989. 3.96 Ga gneisses from the Slave province, Northwest Territories, Canada. Geology 17, 971-975.
25. Boyd, F.R., 1987. High-and low-temperature garnet peridotite xenoliths and their possible relation to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath southern Africa. In: P.H. Nixon (Ed.), Mantle xenoliths. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 403-12.
26. Buchan, K.L., Halls, H.C., Mortensen, J.K., 1996. Paleomagnetism, U-Pb geochronology, and geochemistry of Marathon dykes, Superior Province, and comparison with the Fort Frances swarm. Can. J. Earth Sci. 33, 1583-1595.
27. Buick, R., 1992. The antiquity of oxygenic photosynthesis -Evidence from stromatolites in sulphate-deficient Archaean lakes. Science 285, 74-77.
28. Buick, R., Thornett, J.R., McNaughton, N.J., Smith, J.B., Barley, M.E., Savage, M., 1995. Record of emergent continental crust ∼3.5 billion years ago in the Pilbara craton of Australia. Nature 375, 574-577.
29. Byerly, G.R., Lowe, D.R., 1994. Spinel from Archean impact spherules. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 16, 3469-3486.
30. Calvert, A.J., Sawyer, E.W., Davis, W.J., Ludden, J.N., 1995. Archaean subduction inferred from seismic images of a mantle suture in the Superior Province. Nature 375, 670-674.
31. Card, K.D., 1990. A review of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield, a product of Archean accretion. Precambrian Res. 48, 99-156.
32. Card, K.D., Sanford, B.V., 1989. Bedrock geology, Timmins, Ontario-Quebec. Geol. Surv. Canada Map NM-17G, 1:1000 000.
33. 2O at 15 kbar and the genesis of calc-alkaline magmas. Am. Mineral. 75, 345-357.
34. Cattell, A.C., Taylor, R.N., 1990. Archaean basic magmas. In: R.J. Hall, D.J. Hughes (Eds.), Early Precambrian Basic Magmatism. Blackie, Glasgow, pp. 11-39.
35. Chown, E.H., Daigneault, R., Mueller, W., Mortensen, J.K., 1992. Tectonic evolution of the Northern Volcanic Zone, Abitibi belt, Quebec. Can. J. Earth Sci. 29, 2211-2225.
36. Christensen, N.I., Mooney, W.D., 1995. Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust - a global view. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 9761-9788.
37. Clague, D.A., Dalrymple, G.B., 1989. Tectonics, geochronology, and origin of the Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain. In: E.L. Winterer, D.M. Hussong, R.W. Decker (Eds.), The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii. Geol. Soc. America, Geology of North America, v. N, pp. 188-217.
38. Clowes, R.M., Zeit, C.A., Amor, J.R., Ellis, R.M., 1995. Lithospheric structure in the southern Canadian Cordillera from a network of seismic refraction lines. Can. J. Earth Sci. 32, 1485-1513.
39. Collerson, K.D., Heara, B.C., MacDonald, R.A., Upton, B.G.J., Harmon, R.S., 1989. Composition and evolution of lower continental crust - evidence from xenoliths in Eocene lavas from the Bearpaw Mountains, Montana. New Mexico Bu. Mines Geol. Bull. 131, p. 57.
40. Collerson, K.D., Scherer, E.E., MacDonald, R., Upton, B.G.J., Heara, B.C., 1993. The evolution of Wyoming craton lower crust - U-Pb SHRIMP and Nd-Sr isotopic evidence for middle Archaean and Early Proterozoic events. Internat. Workshop, The xenolith window into the lower crust, Macquarie Univ., Abstract vol., p. 4.
41. Condie, K.C., 1984. Archean geotherms and supracrustal assemblages. Tectonophysics 105, 29-41.
42. Corfu, F., Ayres, L.D., 1991. Unscrambling the stratigraphy of an Archean greenstone belt - a U-Pb geochronological study of the Favourable Lake belt, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Precambrian Res. 50, 201-220.
43. Corfu, F., Krogh, T.E., Kwok, Y.Y., Jensen, L.S., 1989. U-Pb zircon geochronology in the southwestern Abitibi greenstone belt, Superior Province. Can. J. Earth Sci. 26, 1747-1763.
44. Cox, K.G., Smith, M.R., Beswetherick, S., 1987. Textural studies of garnet Iherzolites - evidence of exsolution origin from high-temperature harzburgites. In: P.H. Nixon (Ed.), Mantle Xenoliths. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 537-550.
45. Davies, G.F., 1992. On the emergence of plate tectonics. Geology 20, 963-966.
46. Davis, W.J., Berman, R., 1995. U-Pb geochronology and isotopic studies of crustal xenoliths from the Medicine Hat block, northern Montana and southern Alberta-Paleoproterozoic reworking of Archean lower crust. Precambrian 95, Montreal, Program and Abstracts, p. 287.
47. Davis, G.A., Holdaway, M.J., Lipman, P.W., Romey, W.D., 1965. Structure, metamorphism, and plutonism in the south-central Klamath Mountains, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 76, 933-966.
48. Davis, D.W., Sutcliffe, R.H., Trowell, N.F., 1988. Geochronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of a late Archaean greenstone belt, Wabigoon Subprovince, northwest Ontario, Canada. Precambrian Res. 39, 171-191.
49. Davis, D.W., Pezzutto, F., Ojakangas, R.W., 1990. The age and provenance of metasedimentary rocks in the Quetico Subprovince, Ontario, from single zircon analysis - implications for Archean sedimentation and tectonics in the Superior Province. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 99, 195-205.
50. Davis, W.J., Machado, N., Gariepy, C., Sawyer, E.W., Benn, K., 1995. U-Pb geochronology of the Opatica tonalite-gneiss belt and its relationship to the Abitibi greenstone belt, Superior Province, Quebec. Can. J. Earth Sci. 32, 113-127.
51. Davis, W.J., Gariepy. C., van Breeman. O., 1996. Pb isotopic composition of late Archaean granites and the extent of recycling early Archaean crust in the Slave Province, northwest Canada. Chem. Geol. 130, 255-269.
52. Eriksson, K.A., 1982. Sedimentation patterns in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, and the Pilbara Block, Australia - evidence for Archean rifted continental margins. Tectonophysics 81, 179-193.
53. Feng, R., Fan, J., Kecrich, R., 1993. Noble metal abundances and characteristics of six magma series, Archean Abitibi belt, Pontiac subprovince - Relationships to metallogeny and overprinting of mesothermal gold deposits. Econ. Geol. 88, 1376-1403.
54. Fowler, C.M.R., 1990. The solid Earth, an Introduction to Global Geophysics. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 472 pp.
55. Fralick, P., Wu, J., Williams, H.R., 1992. Trench and slone basin deposits in an Archean metasedimentary belt, Superior Province, Canadian Shield. Can. J. Earth Sci. 29, 2551-2557.
56. Friend, C.R.L., Nutman, A.P., Baadsgaard. H, Kinny, P.D, McGregor, V.R., 1996. Timing of late Archaean terrane assembly, crustal thickening and granite emplacement in the Nuuk region, southern West Greenland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142, 353-365.
57. Fyson, W.K., Hetmstaedt, H, 1998. Structural patterns and tectonic evolution of supracrustal domains in the Archean Slave Province, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 25, 301-315.
58. Galer S.J.G., Goldstìen., S.L., 1996. Influence of accretion on lead in the Earth. Am. Geophys. Union Geophys. Mono. 95, 75-98.
59. Glikson, A.Y., 1993. Asteroids and early Precambrian crustal evolution. Earth-Sci. Rev. 35, 285-319.
60. Goodwin, A.M., 1977. Archean volcanism in Superior Province, Canadian Shield. Geol. Assoc. Can. Sp. Paper 16, pp. 205-241.
61. Goodwin, A.M., 1982. Archean volcanoes in southwestern Abitibi Belt, Ontario and Quebec - form, composition, and development. Can. J. Earth Sci. 19, 1140-1155.
62. Goodwin, A.M., 1996. Principles of Precambrian Geology. Academic Press, London.
63. Grandjean, G., Wu, H., White, D., Mareschal, M., Hubert, C., 1995. Crustal velocity models for the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt from seismic refraction data. Can. J. Earth Sci. 32, 149-166.
64. Gromet, L.P., Silver, L.T., 1987. REE variations across the Peninsular Ranges batholith - Implications for batholithic petrogenesis and crustal growth in magmatic arcs. J. Petrol. 28, 75-125.
65. Gurney, J.J., 1991. Diamonds deliver the dirt. Nature 353, 600-601.
66. Hamilton, W.B., 1978. Mesozoic tectonics of the western United States. Pacific Sec. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral., Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 2, pp. 33-70.
67. Hamilton, W.B., 1979. Tectonics of the Indonesian region. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 1078.
68. Hamilton, W.B., 1988. Plate tectonics and island arcs. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 100, 1503-1532.
69. Hamilton, W.B., 1989. Crustal geologic processes of the United States. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 172, 743-781.
70. Hamilton, W.B., 1993. Evolution of Archean mantle and crust. In: J.C. Reed, Jr et al. (Eds.), Precambrian-Conterminous United States. Geol. Soc. Am., Geology of North America, v. C-2, pp. 597-614, 630-636.
71. Hamilton, W.B., 1995. Subduction systems and magmatism. Geol. Soc. Lond. Sp. Publ. 31, 3-28.
72. Hàmmond R.L., Nisbet, B.W., 1992. Towards a structural and tectonic framework for the central Norseman-Wiluna greenstone belt, Western Australia. Univ. Western Australia Geol. Dept. Pub. 22, pp. 39-49
73. Hanson, G.N., 1978. The application of trace elements to the petrogenesis of igneous rocks of granitic composition. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 38, 26-43.
74. Harjes, H.-P. et al., 1997. Origin and nature of crustal reflections - results from integrated sersimic measurements at the KTB superdeep drilling site. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 18267-18288.
75. Heather, K.B., Shoe, G.T., van Breeman, O., 1995. The convoluted 'layer cake' - an old recipe with new ingredients for the Swayze greenstone belt, southern Superior Province, Ontario. Geol. Surv. Canada, Current Res. 1995C, pp. 1-10.
76. Helmstaedt, H., Gurney, J.J., 1995. Geotectonic controls of primary diamond deposits - implication for the near selection. J. Geochem. Explor. 53, 125-144.
77. Helmstaedt, H., Padgham, W.A., 1986. A new look at the stratigraphy of the Yellownkife Supergroup at Yellowknife, N.W.T. - implications for the age of gold-bearing shear zones and Archean basin evolution. Can. J. Earth Sci. 23, 454-475.
78. Helmstaedt, H., Schulze, D.J., 1989. Southern African kimberlites and their mantle sample-implications for Archaean tectonics and lithosphere evolution. Geol. Soc. Australia Sp. Pub. 14, pp. 358-368.
79. Helmstaedt, H., Scott, D.J., 1992. The Proterozoic Ophiolite problem. In: K.C. Condie (Ed.), Proterozoic Crustal Evolution. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 55-95.
80. Henderson, J.B., 1981. Archaean basin evolution in the Slave Province, Canada. In: A. Kröner (Ed.), Precambrian Plate Tectonics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 213-235.
81. Herzberg, C., 1992. Depth and degree of melting of komatiites. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 4521-4540.
82. Herzberg, C., 1993. Lithosphere peridotites of the Kaapvaal craton. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 120, 13-29.
83. Heubeck, C., Lowe, D.R., 3994. Depositional and tectonic setting of the Archean Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Precambrian Res. 68, 257-290.
84. Hickman, A.H., 1983. Geology of the Pilbara Block and its environs. Geol. Surv. W. Australia Bull. 127, p. 268.
85. Hickman, A.H., Lipple, S.L., 1978. Marble Bar, Western Australia. Geol. Surv. W. Australia, 1:250 000. Geol. Series Explan. Notes.
86. Hietanen, A., 1973. Geology of the Pulga and Bucks Lake quadrangles, Butte and Plumas Counties, California. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 731.
87. Hill, R.E.T., Barnes, S.J., Gole, M.J., Dowling, S.E., 1990. Physical volcanology of komatiites. Geol. Soc. Australia, Western Australia Div., Guide Book 1.
88. Hill, R.E.T., Barnes, S.J., Gole, M.J., Dowling, S.E., 1995. The volcanology of komatiites as deduced from field relationships in the Norseman-Wiluna greenstone belt, Western Australia. Lithos 34, 159-188.
89. Huffman, P.F., 1988. United plates of America - early Proterozoic assembly and growth of Laurentia. Annual Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 16, 543-603.
90. Hoffman, P.F., 1993. Slave Craton and environs [geologic map]. Geol. Surv. Canada Open File 2559, 1:1 000 000.
91. Ireland, T.R., Rudnick, R.L., Spetsius, Z., 1994. Trace elements in diamond inclusions from eclogites reveal link to Archean granites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 128, 199-213.
92. Isachsen, C.E., Bowring, S.A., 1994. Evolution of the Slave craton. Geology 22, 917-920.
93. Isachsen, C.E., Bowring, S.A., Padgham, W.A., 1991. U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Yellowstone volcanic belt, NWT, Canada - new constraints on the timing and duration of greenstone belt magmatism. J. Geol. 99, 55-67.
94. Jackson, S.L., Cruden, A.R., 1995. Formation of the Abitibi greenstone belt by arc-trench migration. Geology 23, 471-474.
95. Jackson, S.L., Cruden, A.R., White, D., Milkereit, B., 1995. A seismic-reflection-based regional cross section of the southern Abitibi greenstone belt. Can. J. Earth Sci. 32, 135-148.
96. Jacobsen, S.B., Harper Jr., C.L., 1996. Accretion and early differentiation history of the Earth based on extinct radionuclides. Am. Geophys. Union Geophys. Mono. 95, 47-74.
97. Jaeckel, P., Kröner, A., Kamo, S.L., Brandl, G., Wendt, J.I., 1997. Late Archaean to early Proterozoic granitoid magmatism and high-grade metamorphism in the central Limpopo belt, South Africa. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 154, 25-44.
98. Kamo, S.L., Davis, D.W., 1994. Reassessment of Archean crustal development in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on U-Pb dating. Tectonics 13, 167-192.
99. Kimura, G., Ludden, J.N., Desrochers, J.-P., Hori, R., 1993. A model of ocean-crust accretion for the Superior province, Canada. Lithos 30, 337-355.
100. King, S.D., Anderson, D.L., 1995. An alternative mechanism of flood basalt formation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 136, 269-279.
101. Krogh, T.E., 1993. High precision U-Pb ages for granulite metamorphism and deformation in the Kapusfcasing structural zone, Ontario - implications for structure and development of the lower crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119, 1-18.
102. Kröner, A., Todt, W., 1988. Single zircon dating constraining the maximum age of the Barberton greenstone belt, southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res. 93, 15329-15337.
103. Kröner, A., Byerly, G.R., Lowe, D.R., 1991. Chronology of early Archaean granite-greenstone evolution in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zircon evaporation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 103, 41-54.
104. Kusky, T.M., 1990. Evidence for Archean ocean opening and closing in the southern Slave Province. Tectonics 9, 1533-1563.
105. Kusky, T.M., 1991. Structural development of an Archean orogen, western Point Lake, Northwest Territories, Tectonics 10, 820-841.
106. Kusky, T.M., 1997. Principles of Precambrian geology [book review]. GSA Today 7 (5), 29-34.
107. Lacroix, S., Sawyer, E.W., 1995. An Archean fold-thrust belt in the northwestern Abitibi Greenstone Belt - structural and seismic evidence. Can. J. Earth Sci. 32, 97-112.
108. Lee, D.-C., Halliday, A.N., 1995. Hafnium-tungsten chronometry and the timing of terrestrial core formation. Nature 378, 771-774.
109. Levander, A.R., Gibson, B.S., 1991. Wide-angle seismic reflections from two-dimensional random target zones. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 10251-10260.
110. Lin, S., Percival, J.A., Skulski, T., 1996. Structural constraints on the tectonic evolution of a late Archean greenstone belt in the northeastern Superior Province, northern Quebec (Canada). Tectonophysics 265, 151-167.
111. Lowe, D.R., 1982. Comparative sedimentology of the principal volcanic sequences of Archean greenstone belts in South Africa, Western Australia and Canada - implications for crustal evolution. Precambrian Res. 17, 1-29.
112. Lowe, D.R., 3994. Accretionary history of the Archean Barberton Greenstone Belt (3.55-3.22Ga), southern Africa. Geology 22, 1099-1102.
113. Maas, R., Kinny, P.D., Williams, I.S., Froude, D.O., Compston, W., 1992. The Earth's oldest known crust - A geochronological and geochemical study of 3900-4200 Ma old detrital zircons from Mt. Narryer and Jack Hills, Western Australia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1281-1300.
114. Macgregor, A.M., 1951. Some milestones in the Precambrian of Southern Rhodesia. Proc. Geol. Soc. S. Africa 54, 27-71.
115. MacGregor, I.D., Manton, W.I., 1986. Roberts Victor eclogites - ancient oceanic crust. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 14063-14079.
116. Martin, H., 1986. Effect of steeper Archean geothermal gradient on geochemistry of subduction-zone magmas. Geology 14, 753-756.
117. McCall, G.J.H., 1985a. Explanatory text of the Tahruie quadrangle map, 1:250 000. Geol. Surv. Iran.
118. McCall, G.J.H., 1985b. Explanatory text of the Minab quadrangle map, 1:250 000. Geol. Surv. Iran.
119. McCall, G.J.H., 1985c. Explanatory text of the Fannuj quadrangle map, 1:250 000. Geol. Surv. Iran.
120. McCall, G.J.H., Eftekhar-Nezhad, J., 1993. Explanatory text of the Nikshahr quadrangle map, 1:250 000. Geol. Surv. Iran.
121. McCall, G.J.H., Huber, H., 1979a. Fannuj [quadrangle map, 1:250 000]. Geol. Surv. Iran.
122. McCall, G.J.H., Huber, H., 1979b. Minab [quadrangle map, 1:250 000]. Geol. Surv. Iran.
123. McCall, G.J.H., Huber, H., Mohajer, G.A., 1979. Taherui [quadrangle map, 1:250 000]. Geol. Surv. Iran.
124. McGregor, V.R., 1993. Qôrqut 64 V.1 Syd, Descriptive text; Geological map of Greenland, 1:100 000. Grønlands Geol. Undersøgelse.
125. McGregor, V.R., Friend, C.R.L., Nutman, A.P., 1991. The late Archaean mobile belt through Godthabsfjord, southern West Greenland - a continent-continent collision zone? Bull. Geol. Soc. Denmark 39, 179-197.
126. Mkweli, S., Kamber, B., Berger, M., 1995. Westward continuation of the craton-Limpopo Belt tectonic break in Zimbabwe and new age constraints on the timing of the thrusting. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 152, 77-83.
127. Moore, M., Davis, D.W., Robb, L.J., Jackson, M.C., Grobler, D.F., 1993. Archean rapakivi granite-anorthosite-rhyolite complex in the Witwatersrand basin hinterland, southern Africa. Geology 21, 1031-1034.
128. Morris, P.A., 1993. Archaean mafic and ultramafic rocks, Menzies to Norseman, Western Australia. Geol. Surv. W. Australia Rep. 36, 107 pp.
129. Moser, D.E., 1994. The geology and structure of the mid-crustal Wawa gneiss domain - a key to understanding tectonic variation with depth and time in the late Archean Abitibi-Wawa orogen. Can. J. Earth Sci. 31, 1064-1080.
130. Moser, D.E., Heaman, L.M., Krogh, T.E., Hanes, J.A., 1996. Intracrustal extension of an Archean orogen revealed using single-grain U-Pb zircon geochronology. Tectonics 15, 1093-1109.
131. Myers, J.S., 1995. The generation and assembly of an Archaean supercontinent - evidence from the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia. Geol. Soc. Londo. Sp. Pub. 95, pp. 1439-154.
132. Naldrett, A.J., Smith, I.E.M., 1981. Mafic and ultramafic volcanism during the Archean. In: Basaltic Volcanism Study Project, Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets. Pergamon, New York, pp. 5-29.
133. Nelson, D.R., 1997. Evolution of the Archaean granite -greenstone terranes of the Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia - SHRIMP U-Pb zircon constraints. Precambrian Res. 83, 57-81.
134. Nisbet, E.G., Fowler, C.M.R., 1983. Model for Archean plate tectonics. Geology 11, 376-379.
135. Nisbet, E.G., Cheadle, M.J., Arndt, N.T., Bickle, M.J., 1993. Constraining the potential temperature of the Archaean mantle - a review of the evidence from komatiites. Lithos 30, 291-307.
136. Nutman, A.P., McGregor, V.R., Friend, C.R.L., Bennett, V.C., Kinny, P.D., 1996. The Itsaq Gneiss Complex of southern West Greenland; the world's most extensive record of early crustal evolution (3900-3600 Ma). Precambrian Res. 78, 1-39.
137. Ojakangas, R.W., 1985. Review of Archean clastic sedimentation, Canadian Shield - major felsic volcanic contributions to turbidite and alluvial fan-fluvial facies associations. Geol. Assoc. Can. Sp. Paper 28, pp. 25-47.
138. Padgham, W.A., 1992. The Slave structural province, North America - a discussion of tectonic models, Univ. W. Australia Geol. Dept. Pub. 22, pp. 381-394.
139. Padgham, W.A., 1995. Evolution of the Slave craton -comment. Geology 23, 863-864.
140. Padgham, W.A., Fyson, W.K., 1992. The Slave Province - a distinct Archean craton. Can. J. Earth Sci. 29, 2072-2086.
141. Pallister, J.S., Stacey, J.S., Fischer, L.B., Premo, W.R., 1988. Precambrian ophiolites of Arabia - geologic settings, U-Pb geochronology, Pb-isotope characteristics, and implications for continental accretion. Precambrian Res. 38, 1-54.
142. Pan, Y., Fleet, M.F., Williams, H.R., 1994. Granulite-facies metamorphism in the Quetico Subprovince, north of Manitouwadge, Ontario. Can. J. Earth Sci. 31, 1427-1439.
143. Parker, E.N., 1997. The martial art of scientific publication. EOS 78, 391-395.
144. Pearson, N.J., O'Reilly, S.Y., Griffin, W.L., 1995. The crust-mantle boundary beneath cratons and craton margins - a transect across the south-west margin of the Kaapvaal craton. Lithos 36, 257-287.
145. Percival, J.A., 1989. A regional perspective of the Quetico metasedimentary belt, Superior Province, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 26, 677-693.
146. Percival, J.A., West, G.F., 1994. The Kapuskasing uplift - a geological and geophysical synthesis. Can. J. Earth Sci. 31, 1256-1286.
147. Percival, J.A., Williams, H.R., 1989. Late Archean Quetico accretionary complex, Superior province, Canada. Geology 17, 23-25.
148. Percival, J.A., Fountain, D.M., Salisbury, M.H., 1992. Exposed crustal cross sections as windows on the lower crust. In: D.M. Fountain, R.J. Arculus, R.W. Kay (Eds.), Continental Lower Crust. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 317-362.
149. Percival, J.A., Card, K.D., Mortensen, J.K., 1993. Archean unconformity in the Vizien greenstone belt, Ungava Peninsula, Quebec. Geol. Surv. Canada Current Res. 1993-C, pp. 319-328.
150. Percival, J.A. et al., 1994. Minto block, Superior province -missing link in deciphering assembly of the craton at 2.7 Ga. Geology 22, 839-842.
151. Percival, J.A., Skulski, T., Nadeau, L., 1996. Granite-greenstone terranes of the northern Minto block, northeastern Superior Province, Quebec. Geol. Surv. Canada Current Res. 1996-C, pp. 157-167.
152. Perring, C.S., Barnes, S.J., Hill, R.E.T., 1996. Geochemistry of komatiites from Forrestania, Southern Cross Province, Western Australia - evidence for crustal contamination. Lithos 37, 181-197.
153. Polet, J., Anderson, D.L., 1995. Depth extent of cratons as inferred from tomographic studies. Geology 23, 205-208.
154. Pupin, J.P., 1980. Zircon and granite petrology. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 73, 207-220.
155. Rapp, R.B., Watson, E.B., Miller, C.F., 1991. Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites. Precambrian Res. 51, 1-25.
156. Rhodesia Geological Survey, 1977. Provisional geological map of Rhodesia. 1:100 0000.
157. Richardson, S.H., 1990. Age and early evolution of the continental mantle. In: M. Menzies (Ed.), Continental Mantle. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 55-65.
158. Ridley, J.R., 1992. The thermal causes and effects of voluminous, late Archean monzogranite plutonism. Geol. Dept. Univ. W. Australia Pub. 22, pp. 275-285.
159. Ridley, J.R., Kramers, J.D., 1990. The evolution and tectonic consequences of a tonalitic magma layer within Archean continents. Can. J. Earth Sci. 27, 219-228.
160. Roering, C. et al., 1992. Tectonic model for the evolution of the Limpopo Belt. Precambrian Res. 55, 539-552.
161. Rollinson, H., Blenkinsop, T., 1995. The magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic evolution of the Northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt in Zimbabwe. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 152, 65-75.
162. de Ronde, C.E.J., de Wit, M.J., 1994. Tectonic history of the Barberton greenstone belt. South Africa - 490 million years of Archean crustal evolution. Tectonics 13, 983-1005.
163. Ross, D.C., 1967. Generalized geologic map of the Inyo Mountains region, California. U.S. Geol. Surv. Map 1-506, 1:125 000.
164. Rudnick, R.L., 1995. Making continental crust. Nature 378, 571-578.
165. Rudnick, R.L., Fountain, D.M., 1995. Nature and composition of the continental crust - a lower crustal perspective. Rev. Geophys. 33, 267-309.
166. Rudnick, R.L., Taylor, S.R., 1986. Geochemical constraints on the origin of Archaean tonalitic-trondhjemitic rocks and implications for lower crustal composition. Geol. Soc. London Sp. Pub. 24, pp. 179-191.
167. Sawyer, E.W., Benn, K., 1995. Structure of the high-grade Opatica Belt and adjacent low-grade Abitibi Subprovince, Canada - an Archaean mountain front. J. Struc. Geol. 12, 1443-1558.
168. Schubert, G., Stevenson, D., Cassen, P., 1980. Whole planet cooling and the radiogenic heat source contents of the Earth and Moon. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 2531-2538.
169. Simonson, B.M., 1992. Geological evidence for a strewn field of impact spherules in the early Precambrian Hamersley Basin of Western Australia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 104, 829-839.
170. Skulski, T., Percival, J.A., 1996. Allochthonous 2.78 Ga oceanic plateau slivers in a 2.72 Ga continental arc sequence - Vizien greenstone belt, northeastern Superior Province, Canada. Lithos 37, 163-179.
171. Skulski, T., Percival, J.A., Stern, R.A., 1994. Oceanic allochthons in an Archean continental margin sequence, Vizien greenstone belt, northern Quebec. Geol. Surv. Canada Current Res. 1994-C, pp. 311-320.
172. Smyth, J.R., Caporuscio, F.A., McCormick, T.C., 1989. Mantle eclogites - evidence of igneous fractionation in the mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 93, 133-141.
173. Spudis, P.D., Reisse, R.A., Gillis, J.L., 1994. Ancient multiring basins on the Moon revealed by Clementine laser altimetry. Science 266, 1848-1851.
174. Stern, R.A., Percival, J.A., Mortensen, J.K., 1994. Geochemical evolution of the Minto block - a 2.7 Ga continental magmatic arc built on the Superior proto-craton. Precambrian Res. 65, 115-153.
175. Swager, C.P., 1995. Geology of the greenstone terranes in the Kurnalpi-Edjudina region, southeastern Yilgarn Craton, Geol. Surv. W. Australia Rept. 47.
176. Sylvester, A.G., Oertel, G., Nelson, C.A., Christie, J.M., 1978. Papoose Flat pluton - a granitic blister in the Inyo Mountains, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 89, 1203-1219.
177. Taylor, S.R., 1992. Solar System Evolution. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
178. Taylor, S.R., 3993. Early accretionary history of the Earth and the Moon-forming event. Lithos 30, 207-221.
179. Thompson, P.H., Judge, A.S., Lewis, T.J., 1995. Thermal parameters in rock units of the Winter Lake-Lac de Gras area, central Slave Province, Northwest Territories - implications for diamond genesis. Geol. Surv. Canada Current Res. 1995-E, pp. 125-135.
180. Thorpe, R.I., Hickman, A.M., Davis, D.W., Mortensen, J.K., Trendall, A.F., 1990. Application of recent zircon U-Pb geochronology in the Marble Bar region, Pilbara Craton, to modelling Archean lead evolution. Third Int. Archaean Symp., Perth, Extended Abstracts vol., pp. 11-13.
181. Thurston, P.C., Chivers, K.M., 1990. Secular variation in greenstone sequence development emphasizing Superior Province, Canada. Precambrian Res. 46, 21-58.
182. Treloar, P.T., Coward, M.P., Harris, N.B.W., 1992. Himalayan-Tibetan analogies for the evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton and Limpopo Belt. Precambrian Res. 55, 571-587.
183. Trendall, A.F., 1995. Paradigms for the Pilbara. Geol. Soc. London Sp. Pub. 95, pp. 127-142.
184. Twist, D., French, B.M., 1993. Voluminous acid volcanism in the Bushveld Complex - A review of the Rooiberg Felsite. Bull. Volcanol. 46, 225-242.
185. van Breeman, O., Henderson, J.B., Loveridge, W.D., Thompson, P.H., 1987. U-Pb zircon and monazite geochronology and zircon morphology of granulites and granite from the Thelon Tectonic Zone, Healey Lake and Artillery Lake map areas, N.W.T. Geol. Surv. Canada Paper 87-1A, p. 783-801.
186. van Reenen, D.D., McCourt, S., Smit, C.A., 1995. Are the Southern and Northern Marginal Zones of the Limpopo Belt related to a single continental collisional event? S. Afr. J. Geol. 98, 498-504.
187. Vervoort, J.D., White, W.M., Thorpe, R.I., 1994. Nd and Pb isotope ratios of the Abitibi greenstone belt - new evidence for very early differentiation of the Earth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 128, 215-229.
188. Walker, J.C.G., 1977. Evolution of the Atmosphere. Macmillan, New York.
189. Walker, I.W., Blight, D.F., 1983. Barlee, Western Australia. Geol. Surv. W. Australia 1:250 000 Geol. Ser., Explan. Notes SH/50-8. 22.
190. Warren, P.H., 1992. The three stages of magma ocean cooling. Lunar and Planetary Inst. Tech. Rep. 92-03, pp. 70-71.
191. Watkeys, M.K., 1983. Provisional geologic map of the Limpopo Belt and environs, 1:1000 000. Geol. Soc. S. Africa Spec. Pub. 8, colored plate.
192. Watkins, K.P., Hickman, A.H., 1990. Geological evolution and mineralization of the Murchison Province, Western Australia. Geol. Surv. W. Australia Bull. 137.
193. Williams, H.R., 1989. Subprovince accretion tectonics in the south-central Superior Province. Can. J. Earth Sci. 27, 570-581.
194. Williams, I.S., Collins, W.J., 1990. Granite-greenstone terranes in the Pilbara Block, Australia, as coeval volcano-plutonic complexes; evidence from U-Pb zircon dating of the Mount Edgar Batholith. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 97, 41-53.
195. Wilson, J.F., Nesbitt, R.W., Fanning, C.M., Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe craton - A revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth. Geol. Soc. London Sp. Pub. 95, pp. 109-126.
196. Winardhi, S., Mereu, R.F., 1997. Crustal velocity structure of the Superior and Grenville provinces of the southeastern Canadian Shield. Can. J. Earth Sci. 34, 1167-1184.
197. Windley, B.F., 1993. Uniformitarianism today - plate tectonics is the key to the past. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 150, 7-19.
198. de Wit, M.J., Armstrong, R., Hart, R.J., Wilson, A.M., 1987. Felsic igneous rocks within the 3.3-to 3.5-Ga Barberton greenstone belt-high crustal level equivalents of the surrounding tonalite trondhjemite terrain, emplaced during thrusting. Tectonics 6, 529-549.
199. de Wit, M.J. et al., 1992. Formation of an Archaean continent. Nature 357, 553-562.
200. Wolf, M.B., Wyllie, P.J., 1993. Garnet growth during amphibolite anatexis - implications of a garnetiferous restite. J. Geol. 101, 357-373.
201. Wolfe, C.J., Bjarnason, I.T., VanDecar, J.C., Solomon, S.C., 1997. Seismic structure of the Iceland mantle plume. Nature 385, 245-247.
202. Wyllie, P.J., Wolf, M.B., van der Laan, S.R., 1997. Conditions for formation of tonalites and trondhjemites - Magmatic sources and products. In: M.J. de Wit, M.D. Ashwal (Eds.), Tectonic evolution of greenstone belts. Oxford Univ. Press, pp. 256-266.
203. Xie, Q., Kerrich, R., 1994. Silicate-perovskite and majorite signature komatiites from the Archean Abitibi Greenstone Belt - implications for early mantle differentiation and stratification. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 15799-15812.