Mechanisms of central color vision

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 503-508

  Komatsu, Hidehiko ^a  

^a Japan Science and Technology Agency   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN CELL; COLOR VISION; INNERVATION; LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA CONE; REVIEW; TEMPORAL CORTEX; VISUAL CORTEX;

EID: 0032142808     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80038-X     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. De Valois RL, Abramov I, Jacobs GH. Analysis of response patterns of LGN cells. J Opt Soc Am. 56:1966;966-977.
2. Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Spatial and chromatic interactions in the lateral geniculate body of the rhesus monkey. J Neurophysiol. 29:1966;1115-1156.
3. Derrington AM, Krauskopf J, Lennie P. Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. J Physiol. 357:1984;241-265.
4. Reid RC, Shapley RM. Spatial structure of cone inputs to receptive fields in primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Nature. 356:1992;716-718.
5. Krauskopf J, Williams DR, Heeley W. Cardinal directions of color space. Vision Res. 22:1982;1123-1131.
6. Hering E. Outlines of a Theory of the Light Sense. 1878;Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
7. Rodieck RW. Which cells code for color? Valberg A, Lee BB. From Pigments to Perception. 1991;83-93 Plenum Press, New York.
8. Dacey DM, Lee BB. The 'blue-on' opponent pathway in primate retina originates from a distinct bistratified ganglion cell type. Nature. 367:1994;731-735.
9. Fitzpatrick D, Itoh K, Diamond IT. The laminar organization of the lateral geniculate body and the striate cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri Sciureus). J Neurosci. 3:1983;673-702.
10. Hendry SHC, Yoshioka T. A neurochemically distinct third channel in the macaque dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Science. 264:1994;575-577.
11. Casagrande VA. A third parallel visual pathway to primate area V1. Trends Neurosci. 17:1994;305-310.
12. Hubel DH, Livingstone MS. Color and contrast sensitivity in the lateral geniculate body and primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. J Neurosci. 10:1990;2223-2237.
13. Martin PR, White AJ, Goodchild AK, Wilder HD, Sefton AE. Evidence that blue-on cells are part of the third geniculocortical pathway in primates. of special interest Eur J Neurosci. 9:1997;1536-1541 Using the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, in which interlaminar cells are well segregated from pLGN layers, the authors found that blue-on (YB) color-opponent cells are largely segregated to the interlaminar zone. This finding supports the idea that the signal of S-cone excitation is mediated through the K layer of the LGN.
14. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN. Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J Physiol. 195:1968;215-243.
15. Dow BM, Gouras P. Color and spatial specificity of single units in rhesus monkey foveal striate cortex. J Neurophysiol. 36:1973;79-100.
16. Michael C. Color vision mechanisms in monkey striate cortex: dual-opponent cells with concentric receptive fields. J Neurophysiol. 41:1978;572-588.
17. Livingstone MS, Hubel DH. Anatomy and physiology of a color system in the primate visual cortex. J Neurosci. 4:1984;309-356.
18. Ts'o DY, Gilbert CD. The organization of chromatic and spatial interactions in the primate striate cortex. J Neurosci. 8:1988;1712-1727.
19. Creutzfeldt OD, Weber H, Tanaka M, Lee BB. Neuronal representation of spectral and spatial stimulus aspects in foveal and parafoveal area 17 of the awake monkey. Exp Brain Res. 68:1987;541-564.
20. Vautin RG, Dow BM. Color cell groups in foveal striate cortex of the behaving macaque. J Neurophysiol. 54:1985;273-292.
21. Lennie P, Krauskopf J, Sclar G. Chromatic mechanisms in striate cortex of macaque. J Neurosci. 10:1990;649-669.
22. Yoshioka T, Dow BM, Vautin RG. Neuronal mechanisms of color categorization in areas V1, V2 and V4 of macaque monkey visual cortex. Behav Brain Res. 76:1996;51-70.
23. Krauskopf J, Williams DR, Mandler MB, Brown AM. Higher order color mechanisms. Vision Res. 26:1986;23-32.
24. Webster MA, Mollon JD. Changes in colour appearance following post-receptoral adaptation. Nature. 349:1991;235-238.
25. Krauskopf J, Wu HJ, Farell B. Coherence, cardinal directions and higher-order mechanisms. Vision Res. 36:1996;1235-1245.
26. Komatsu H. Neural coding of color and from in the inferior temporal cortex of the monkey. Biomed Res. 4:1993;7-13. (suppl).
27. De Valois RL, De Valois KK. A multi-stage color model. Vision Res. 33:1993;1053-1065.
28. De Valois RL, De Valois KK, Switkes E, Mahon L. Hue scaling of isoluminant and cone-specific lights. Vision Res. 37:1997;885-897 The authors examined the appearance of colored spots using hue scaling techniques. Instead of using the ordinary method of flashing monochromatic lights, they modulated stimulus colors from white to various directions in the isoluminant color plane. Based on the deviation of unique hues from the opponent-cell axes, the authors quantitatively estimated how signals from color-opponent LGN neurons are linearly combined to form signals corresponding to unique hues.
29. of special interest Levitt JB, Kiper DC, Movshon JA. Receptive fields and functional architecture of macaque V2. J Neurophysiol. 71:1994;2517-2542.
30. Kiper DC, Fenstemaker SB, Gegenfurtner KR. Chromatic properties of neurons in macaque area V2. Vis Neurosci. 14:1997;1061-1072 The authors examined the chromatic properties of V2 neurons using sinewave gratings modulated around the white point. In a significant proportion of neurons, responses were not adequately described by a model that assumes a linear combination of cone signals. These neurons are tuned to a range of colors that is significantly narrower than the range for linear neurons. This result suggests that nonlinear interactions of cone signals proceed further in V2 to form neurons selective to hue and saturation.
31. of outstanding interest Gegenfurtner KR, Kiper DC, Levitt JB. Functional properties of neurons in macaque area V3. of outstanding interest J Neurophysiol. 77:1997;1906-1923 Using the same methods as in [30], the authors examined the chromatic properties of V3 neurons. For all the cells examined, a model assuming a linear combination of cone signals provided a reasonably good fit to the actual responses. A significant proportion of cells gave clear directional responses to drifting isoluminant grating, indicating a significant interaction between color and motion processing in V3.
32. Sato H, Katsuyama N, Tamura H, Hata Y, Tsumoto T. Broad-tuned chromatic inputs to color-selective neurons in the monkey visual cortex. J Neurophysiol. 72:1994;163-168.
33. Zeki S. The representation of colours in the cerebral cortex. Nature. 284:1980;412-418.
34. Schein SJ, Desimone R. Spectral properties of V4 neurons in the macaque. J Neurosci. 10:1990;3369-3389.
35. Heywood CA, Gadotti A, Cowey A. Cortical area V4 and its role in the perception of color. J Neurosci. 12:1992;4056-4065.
36. Schiller PH. The effects of V4 and middle temporal (MT) area lesions on visual performance in the rhesus monkey. Visual Neurosci. 10:1993;717-746.
37. Walsh V, Carden D, Butler SR, Kulikowski JJ. The effects of V4 lesions on the visual abilities of macaques: hue discrimination and colour constancy. Behav Brain Res. 53:1993;51-62.
38. Wild HM, Butler SR, Carden D, Kulikowski JJ. Primate cortical area V4 important for colour constancy but not wavelength discrimination. Nature. 313:1985;133-135.
39. Zeki SM. Colour coding in the cerebral cortex: the reaction of cells in monkey visual cortex to wavelengths and colours. Neuroscience. 9:1983;741-765.
40. Hurlbert AC, Poggio TA. Synthesizing a color algorithm from examples. Science. 239:1988;482-485.
41. Komatsu H, Ideura Y, Kaji S, Yamane S. Color selectivity of neurons in the inferior temporal cortex of the awake macaque monkey. J Neurosci. 12:1992;408-424.
42. Fuster JM, Jervey JP. Neuronal firing in the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey in a visual memory task. J Neurosci. 2:1982;361-375.
43. Takechi H, Onoe H, Shizuno H, Yoshikawa E, Sadato N, Tsukada H, Watanabe Y. Mapping of cortical areas involved in color vision in non-human primates. of special interest Neurosci Lett. 230:1997;17-20 Changes in regional cerebral blood flow of rhesus monkeys were measured using positron emission tomography while the monkeys were performing a color discrimination, brightness discrimination or position discrimination task. The authors found that the color discrimination task activated the IT cortex more strongly than the other tasks.
44. Dean P. Visual cortex ablation and thresholds for successively presented stimuli in rhesus monkeys: II. Hue. Exp Brain Res. 35:1979;69-83.
45. Heywood CA, Shields C, Cowey A. The involvement of the temporal lobes in colour discrimination. Exp Brain Res. 71:1988;437-441.
46. Horel JA. Retrieval of color and form during suppression of temporal cortex with cold. Behav Brain Res. 65:1994;165-172.
47. Heywood CA, Gaffan D, Cowey A. Cerebral achromatopsia in monkeys. Eur J Neurosci. 7:1995;1064-1073.
48. Buckley MJ, Gaffan D, Murray EA. Functional double dissociation between two inferior temporal cortical areas: perirhinal cortex versus middle temporal gyrus. J Neurophysiol. 77:1997;587-598 The authors examined color discrimination abilities of the cyanomolgus monkey by producing either bilateral lesions of the middle temporal gyrus or bilateral lesions of the perirhinal cortex. Monkeys with middle temporal gyrus lesions were severely impaired in color discrimination, whereas those with perirhinal lesions were not. In contrast, opposite effects were observed in the delayed nonmatching-to-sample object task. These results indicate that area TE plays a vital role in color discrimination.
49. of outstanding interest Boynton RM, Olson CX. Locating basic colors in the OSA space. Color Res Appl. 12:1987;94-105.
50. Uchikawa K, Boynton RM. Categorical color perception of Japanese observers: comparison with that of Americans. Vision Res. 27:1987;1825-1833.
51. Matuzawa T. Colour naming and classification in a chimpanzee. J Human Evol. 14:1985;283-291.
52. Komatsu H. Neural representation of color in the inferior temporal cortex of the macaque monkey. Sakata H, Mikami A, Fuster JM. The Association Cortex. 1997;269-280 Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, Data about color selectivities of IT neurons from [41] were compared to data about human color categories obtained using 11 basic color names from [58]. There is a good correspondence between color fields (responsive regions in the chromaticity diagram) of IT neurons and human color categories.
53. of special interest Weiskrantz L, Saunders RC. Impairments of visual object transforms in monkeys. Brain. 107:1984;1033-1072.
54. Logothetis NK, Sheinberg DL. Visual object recognition. Annu Rev Neurosci. 19:1996;577-621.
55. Calkins DJ, Tsukamoto Y, Sterling P. Microcircuitry and mosaic of a blue-yellow ganglion cell in the primate retina. J Neurosci. 18:1998;3373-3385.
56. Ghosh KK, Martin PR, Grunert U. Morphological analysis of the blue cone pathway in the retina of a new world monkey, the marmoset Callithrix jaccus. J Comp Neurol. 379:1997;211-225.
57. Dacey DM, Lee BB, Stafford DK, Pokorny J, Smith VC. Horizontal cells of the primate retina: cone specificity without spectral opponency. Science. 271:1996;656-659.
58. Uchikawa K, Kuriki I, Shinoda H. Categorical color-name regions of a color space in aperture and surface color modes. J Illum Engng Inst Jpn. 77:1993;346-354.