A new concept positive (negative) surface ionization source equipped with a high porosity ionizer

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

Volumn 142, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 578-591

  Alton, G D ^a   Welton, R F ^b   Cui, B ^c   Murray, S N ^a   Mills, G D ^a  

^a OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Engineering   (United States)

^c CHINA INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY   (China)

Author keywords

Ion source; Negative surface ionization; Positive surface ionization; Surface ionization

Indexed keywords

CARBON; CESIUM; DISSOCIATION; FLUORINE; ION BEAMS; IONIZATION; IRIDIUM; MOLECULES;

NEGATIVE SURFACE IONIZATION; POSITIVE SURFACE IONIZATION; SURFACE IONIZATION;

ION SOURCES;

EID: 0032137276     PISSN: 0168583X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00339-5     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. G.D. Alton, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 73 (1993) 221.
2. T. Bjørnstad, E. Hagebø, P. Hoff, E. Kugler, H.L. Ravn, S. Sundell, B. Vosicki, Physica Scripta 34 (1986) 578.
3. J.M. D'Auria, M. Dombsky, L. Buchmann, J.D. Vincent, J.D. King, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 40/41 (1989) 418.
4. N. Ikeda, Y. Shirakabe, J. Tanaka, T. Nomura, S. Ohkawa, S. Takieku, M. Oyaizu, H. Kawakami, I. Katayama, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 70 (1992) 150.
5. H. Kawano, F.M. Page, Int. J. Mass. Spectr. Ion Phys. 50 (1983) 1.
6. H. Kawano, Y. Hidaka, F.M. Page, Int. J. Mass Spectr. Ion Phys. 50 (1983) 35.
7. H. Kawano, Y. Hidaka, M. Suga, P.M. Page, Int. J. Mass Spectr. 50 (1983) 77.
8. J.M. Lafferty, J. Appl. Phys. 22 (1951) 299.
9. V.S. Fomenko, Emission properties of materials, JPRS-56579, NTIS, US Dept. Comm., Springfield, VA, 1972.
10. H. Ahmed, A.M. Broers, J. Appl. Phys. 43 (1972) 2185.
11. S. Hosoki, S. Yamamoto, K. Hayakawa, H. Okano, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. 2 (1) (1974) 285.
12. H. Yamauchi, K. Takagi, I. Yuito, U. Kawabe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 29 (1976) 638.
13. N. Kashihira, E. Vietzke, G. Zellermann, Rev. Sci. Instr. 48 (1977) 171.
14. G.D. Alton, M.T. Johnson, G.D. Mills, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 328 (1993) 154.
15. B. Vosicki, T. Bjørnstad, L.C. Carraz, J. Heinemeyer, H.L. Ravn, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 186 (1981) 307.
16. A.A. Avidenko, M.D. Malev, Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 21 (1976) 1230.
17. A proposal for physics with exotic beams at the Holifield heavy ion research facility, in: J.D. Garrett, D.K. Olsen (Eds.), Physics Division, ORNL, March 1991, unpublished.
18. G.D. Alton, D.C. Haynes, G.D. Mills, D.K. Olsen, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 328 (1993) 325.
19. G.D. Alton, Particle Accelerators 47 (1994) 133.
20. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Ir on CBCF was performed by Ultramet, Pacoima, CA.
21. G.D. Alton, Rev. Sci. Instr. 59 (1988) 1039.
22. I. Langmuir, K. Compton, Rev. Mod. Phys. 13 (1931) 191.
23. P.R. Kirstein, G.D. Kino, W.E. Waters (Eds.), Space Charge Flow, McGraw-Hill, London, 1967, p. 495.
24. PBGUNS, Thunderbird Simulation, Garland, Texas.
25. G.D. Alton, Surf. Sci. 175 (1986) 226.
26. H. Roßbach, B. Eichler, Zentralinstitut für Kernforschung, Rossendorf, Report ZfK-527, 1984.
27. R.D. Present (Ed.), The Kinetic Theory of Gases, Chap. 4, McGraw-Hill, London, 1958, p. 63.
28. G.D. Alton, G.C. Blazey, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 166 (1979) 105.
29. Thermo-Calc is a thermodynamic-equilibrium phase diagram code developed by the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .