Changes in the Caucasian male facial profile as depicted in fashion magazines during the twentieth century

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

Volumn 114, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 208-217

  Nguyen, Douglas Due ^a,b   Turley, Patrick K ^a,c  

^a UCLA SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY   (United States)

^b Section of Orthodontics ^*

^c Section of Orthodontics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ART; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CEPHALOMETRY; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ESTHETICS; FACE; FEMALE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; LIP; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PHOTOGRAPHY; PUBLICATION; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; CEPHALOMETRY; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; ESTHETICS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIP; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PERIODICALS; PHOTOGRAPHY; PORTRAITS; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0032134675     PISSN: 08895406     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/od.1998.v114.a86137     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Auger TA, Turley PK. Esthetic soft-tissue profile changes during the 1900s. J Dent Res (IADR Abstracts) 1994;73:2128.
2. Olds C. Facial beauty in Western art. In: McNamara JA Jr, ed. Esthetics and the treatment of facial form. Craniofacial Growth Series. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 1992;28:7-25.
3. Burstone CJ. The integumental profile. Am J Orthod 1958;44:1-25.
4. Goldsman S. The variations in skeletal and denture patterns in excellent adult facial types. Angle Orthod 1959;29:63-91.
5. Merrifield LL. The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics. Am J Orthod 1966;52:804-22.
6. Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod 1957;27:14-37.
7. Riedel RA. Esthetics and its relation to orthodontic therapy. Angle Orthod 1950;20:168-78.
8. Cotton WN, Takano WS, Wong WMW. The Downs analysis applied to three other ethnic groups. Angle Orthod 1951;21:213-20.
9. Czarnecki ST, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Perceptions of a balanced facial profile. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;104:180-7.
10. Downs WB. Variations in facial relationships: their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod 1948;34:812-40.
11. Margolis HI. A basic facial pattern and its application in clinical orthodontics I: the maxillofacial triangle. Am J Orthod Oral Surg 1947;33:631-41.
12. Mew J. Suggestions for forecasting and monitoring facial growth. Am J Orthod 1993;104:105-20.
13. Foster EJ. Profile preferences among diversified groups. Am J Orthod 1973;43:34-40.
14. Nanda R, Nanda R. Cephalometric study of the dentofacial complex of North Indians. Angle Orthod 1969;39:22-8.
15. Poulton DR. Facial esthetics and angles. Angle Orthod 1957;27:133-7.
16. Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod 1953;39:729-55.
17. Neger M. A quantitative method for the evaluation of the soft-tissue facial profile. Am J Orthod 1959;45:738-51.
18. Hellman M. Some facial features and their orthodontic implication. Am J Orthod Oral Surg 1939;25:927-51.
19. Peck H, Peck S. A concept of facial esthetics. Angle Orthod 1970;40:284-318.
20. Stempel III GH. Visibility of Blacks in news and news-picture magazines. Journalism Quarterly Summer 1971;48:337-9.
21. Riedel RA. An analysis of dentofacial relationships. Am J Orthod 1957;43:103-19.
22. Hambleton RS. The soft-tissue covering of the skeletal face as related to orthodontic problems. Am J Orthod 1964;50:405-20.
23. Farkas LG, Katie BA, Hreczko TA, Duetsch C, Munro IR. Anthropometric proportions in the upper lip-lower lip-chin area of the lower face in young white adults. Am J Orthod 1984;86:52-60.
24. Farkas LG, Hreczko TA, Kolar JC, Munro IR, Chir B. Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American Caucasians: revision of neoclassical canons. Plast Reconst Surg 1985;75;328-37.
25. Farkas LG, Kolar JC. Anthropometrics and art in the aesthetics of women's faces. Clin Plast Surg 1987;14:599-616.
26. Pogrel MA. What are normal esthetic values? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49: 963-9.
27. Broadbent HB Sr, Broadbent HB Jr, Golden WH. Bolton standards of dentofacial developmental growth. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1975.
28. Austin HW, Weston GW. Rejuvenation of the aging mouth. Clin Plast Surg 1992;19:511-24.
29. Felman G. Direct upper-lip lifting: a safe procedure. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1993; 17:291-5.
30. Ho LCY. Augmentation cheiloplasty. Br J Plast Surg 1994;47:257-62.
31. Lassus C. Surgical vermilion augmentation: different possibilities. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1992;16:123-7.
32. Gonzales-Ulloa M. The sensuous lip. Aesth Plast Surg 1992;16:231-6.
33. Henss R. Perceiving age and attractiveness in facial photographs. J Appl Soc Psychol 1991;21:933-46.
34. Korthase KM, Trenholme I. Perceived age and perceived physical attractiveness. Percept Mot Skills 1982;54:1251-8.
35. Mathes EW, Brennan SM, Haugen PM, Rice HB. Ratings of physical attractiveness as a function of age. J Soc Psychol 1983;125:157-68.
36. McKelvie SJ. Stereotyping in perception of attractiveness, age, and gender in schematic faces. Soc Behavior Pers 1993;21:121-8.
37. Wernik M, Manaster GJ. Age and the perception of age and attractiveness. The Gerontologist 1984;24:408-14.
38. Dion K, Bersheid E. What is beautiful is good. J Pers Soc Psychol 1972;24:285-90.
39. Landy D, Sigall H. Beauty is talent: task evaluation as a function of the performer's physical attractiveness. J Pers Soc Psychol 1974;29:299-304.
40. Frieze IH, Olson JE, Russell J. Attractiveness and income for men and women in management. J Appl Soc Psychol 1991;21:1039-57.
41. Kassarjian HH. The Negro and American advertising, 1946-1965. J Marketing Res 1969;6:29-39.
42. Gentlemen's Quarterly. January 1995;65:71.
43. Gentlemen's Quarterly. October 1994;64:123.
44. Gentlemen's Quarterly. March 1995;65:2.
45. Scott S. It's a small world after all: an ethnic rainbow is brightening ads and fashion runways. Time Magazine, Sept. 25, 1989;134:56.
46. Scheideman GB, Bell WH, Legan HL, Finn RA, Reisch JS. Cephalometric analysis of dentofacial normals. Am J Orthod 1980;78:404-20.
47. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Miani A, Poggio CE, Schmitz J. Harmonic analysis and clustering of facial profiles. Int J Adult Orthod Orthog Surg 1992;7:171-9.
48. Legan HL, Burstone CJ. Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg 1980;38:744-51.
49. Brown JB, McDowell F. Plastic surgery of the nose, Springfield, I11: Charles C. Thomas, 1965, 1972, p. 18.
50. Hinds EC, Kent JN. Surgical treatment of developmental jaw deformities. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1972. p. 23-5.
51. Cutcliffe J as reported in Worms FW, Isaacson RJ, Speidel TM. Surgical orthodontic treatment planning: profile analysis and mandibular surgery. Angle Orthod 1976;46:1-25.
52. Gavan JA, Washburn SL, Lewis PH. Photography: an anthropomentric tool. Am J Phys Anthropol 1952;10:331-51.
53. Bishara SE, Cummins DM, Jorgensen GJ, Jakobsen JR. A computer assisted photogrammetric analysis of soft tissue changes ater orthodontic treatment. Part I: methodology and reliability. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;107: 633-9.
54. Phyllips C, Greer J, Vig P, Mateson S. Photocephalometry: errors of projection and landmark location. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1984;86:233-43.