Intrapopulation variation in ecological energetics of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, with analysis of the precision of doubly labeled water measurements

Physiological Zoology

Volumn 71, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 333-349

  Peterson, Charles C ^a,c   Walton, B Michael ^b   Bennett, Albert F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS;

EID: 0032127469     PISSN: 0031935X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/515426     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Adolph S.C. and W.P. Porter. 1993. Temperature, activity, and lizard life histories. Am. Nat. 142:273-295.
2. Anderson R.A. and W.H. Karasov. 1981. Contrasts in energy intake and expenditure in sit-and-wait and widely foraging lizards. Oecologia 49:67-72.
3. _. 1988. Energetics of the lizard Cnemidophorus tigris and life history consequences of food-acquisition mode. Ecol. Monogr. 58:79-110.
4. Andrade D.V., A.P. Cruz-Neto, and A.S. Abe. 1997. Meal size and specific dynamic action in the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus (Serpentes, Viperidae). Herpetologica 53:485-493.
5. Andrews R.M. 1982. Patterns of growth in reptiles. Pp. 273-320 in C. Gans and F.H. Pough, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 13. Academic Press, New York.
6. Andrews R.M. and F.H. Pough. 1985. Metabolism of squamate reptiles: allometric and ecological relationships. Physiol. Zool. 58:214-231.
7. Arendt J.D. 1997. Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: an integration across taxa. Q. Rev. Biol. 72:149-177.
8. Arnold S.J. 1993. Foraging theory and prey-size - predator-size relations in snakes. Pp. 87-115 in R.A. Seigel and J.T. Collins, eds. Snakes: Ecology and Behavior. McGraw-Hill, New York.
9. Arnold S.J. and R.J. Wassersug. 1978. Differential predation on metamorphic anurans by garter snakes (Thamnophis): social behavior as a possible defense. Ecology 59:1014-1022.
10. Bear R. 1994. Ecological Energetics of Digestion in the Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. MS thesis. Cleveland State University, Cleveland.
11. Beaupre S.J. 1996. Field metabolic rate, water flux, and energy budgets of mottled rock rattlesnakes, Crotalus lepidus, from two populations. Copeia 1996:319-329.
12. Benabib M. and J.D. Congdon. 1992. Metabolic and water-flux rates of free-ranging tropical lizards Sceloporus variabilis. Physiol. Zool. 65:788-802.
13. Bennett A.F. 1982. The energetics of reptilian activity. Pp. 155- 197 in C. Gans and F.H. Pough, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 13. Academic Press, New York.
14. _. 1987. Interindividual variability: an underutilized resource. Pp. 147-166 in M.E. Feder, A.F. Bennett, W.W. Burggren, and R.B. Huey, eds. New Directions in Ecological Physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
15. Bennett A.F. and W.R. Dawson. 1976. Metabolism. Pp. 127-223 in C. Gans and W.R. Dawson, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 5. Academic Press, New York.
16. Berteaux D., D.W. Thomas, J.M. Bergeron, and H. Lapierre. 1996. Repeatability of daily field metabolic rate in female meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Funct. Ecol. 10:751-759.
17. Bozinovic F. and M. Rosenmann. 1988. Energetics and food requirements of the female snake Phillodryas chamissonis during the breeding season. Oecologia 75:282-28.
18. Bradshaw S.D., H. Saint Girons, and F.J. Bradshaw. 1991. Seasonal changes in material and energy balance associated with reproduction in the green lizard, Lacerta viridis, in western France. Amphib.-Reptilia 12:21-32.
19. Brown R.P. and V. Perez-Mellado. 1994. Ecological energetics and food acquisition in dense Menorcan islet populations of the lizard Podarcis lilfordi. Funct. Ecol. 8:427-434.
20. Bryant D.M. and P. Tatner. 1991. Intraspecies variation in avian energy expenditure: correlates and constraints. Ibis 133:236-245.
21. Calow P. 1989. Are individual production rates optimized by natural selection? Pp. 254-269 in W. Weiser and E. Gnaiger, eds. Energy Transformations in Cells and Organisms. Georg Thieme, New York.
22. Case T.J. 1978. On the evolution and adaptive significance of postnatal growth rates in the terrestrial vertebrates. Q. Rev. Biol. 53:243-282.
23. Christian K. and B. Green. 1994. Seasonal energetics and water turnover of the frillneck lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii, in the wet-dry tropics of Australia. Herpetologica 50:274-281.
24. Christian K., B.W. Weavers, B. Green, and G.S. Bedford. 1996. Energetics and water flux in a semiaquatic lizard, Varanus mertensi. Copeia 1996:354-362.
25. Clarke A. 1993. Seasonal acclimatization and latitudinal compensation in metabolism: do they exist? Funct. Ecol. 7:139-149.
26. Congdon J.D. 1989. Proximate and evolutionary constraints on energy relations of reptiles. Physiol. Zool. 62:356-373.
27. Congdon J.D., A.E. Dunham, and D.W. Tinkle. 1982. Energy budgets and life histories of reptiles. Pp. 233-271 in C. Gans and F.H. Pough, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 13. Academic Press, New York.
28. Daan S., D. Masman, and A. Groenewold. 1990. Avian basal metabolic rates: their association with body composition and energy expenditure in nature. Am. J. Physiol. 259:R333-R340.
29. Dunham A.E. 1978. Food availability as a proximate factor influencing individual growth rates in the iguanid lizard Sceloporus merriami. Ecology 59:770-778.
30. Dunham A.E., B.W. Grant, and K.L. Overall. 1989. Interfaces between biophysical and physiological ecology and the population ecology of terrestrial vertebrate ectotherms. Physiol. Zool. 62:335-355.
31. Forsman A. and L.E. Lindell. 1991. Trade-off between growth and energy storage in male Vipera berus (L.) under different prey densities. Funct. Ecol. 5:717-723.
32. Goldstein D.L. 1988. Estimates of daily energy expenditure in birds: the time-energy budget as an integrator of laboratory and field studies. Am. Zool. 28:829-844.
33. Greene H.W. 1983. Dietary correlates of the origin and radiation of snakes. Am. Zool. 23:431-441.
34. Hailey A. and P.M.C. Davies. 1987. Digestion, specific dynamic action, and ecological energetics of Natrix maura. Herpetol. J. 1:159-166.
35. Hayes, J.P. and S.H. Jenkins. 1997. Individual variation in mammals. J. Mammal. 78:274-293.
36. Huey R.B., C.R. Peterson, S.J. Arnold, and W.P. Porter. 1989. Hot rocks and not-so-hot rocks: retreat-site selection by garter snakes and its thermal consequences. Ecology 70:931-944.
37. Jayne B.C. and A.F. Bennett. 1990a. Scaling of speed and endurance in garter snakes: a comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal allometries. J. Zool. 220:257-277.
38. _. 1990b. Selection on locomotor performance capacity in a natural population of garter snakes. Evolution 44:1204-1229.
39. Jorgensen C.B. 1988. Metabolic costs of growth and maintenance in the toad Bufo bufo. J. Exp. Biol. 138:319-331.
40. Karasov W.H. 1992. Daily energy expenditure and the cost of activity in mammals. Am. Zool. 32:238-248.
41. Karasov W.H. and R.A. Anderson. 1984. Interhabitat differences in energy acquisition and expenditure in a lizard. Ecology 65:235-247.
42. Kendeigh S.C. 1974. Discussion. Pp. 70-79 in R.A. Paynter, Jr., ed. Avian Energetics. Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge, Mass.
43. Kephart D.G. 1982. Microgeographic variation in the diets of garter snakes. Oecologia 52:287-291.
44. Kephart D.G. and S.J. Arnold. 1982. Garter snake diets in a fluctuating environment: a 7-year study. Ecology 63:1232-1236.
45. Konarzewski M. 1995. Allocation of energy to growth and respiration in avian postembryonic development. Ecology 76:8-19.
46. Koteja P. 1991. On the relation between basal and field metabolic rates in birds and mammals. Funct. Ecol. 5:56-64.
47. Lifson N. and R. McClintock. 1966. Theory of use of the turnover rates of body water for measuring energy and material balance. J. Theor. Biol. 12:46-74.
48. Mautz W.J. and K.A. Nagy. 1987. Ontogenetic changes in diet, field metabolic rate, and water flux in the herbivorous desert lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Physiol. Zool. 60:640-658.
49. Meerlo P., L. Bolle, G.H. Visser, D. Masman, and S. Daan. 1997. Basal metabolic rate in relation to body composition and daily energy expenditure in the field vole, Microtus agrestis. Physiol. Zool. 70:362-369.
50. Nagy K.A. 1975. Water and energy budgets of free-living animals: measurement using isotopically labeled water. Pp. 227-245 in N.F. Hadley, ed. Environmental Physiology of Desert Organisms. Dowden, Hutchison, & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pa.
51. 2 production in animals: analysis of potential errors in the doubly labeled water method. Am. J. Physiol. 238:R466-R473.
52. _. 1982. Energy requirements of free-living iguanid lizards. Pp. 49-59 in G.M. Burghardt and A.S. Rand, eds. Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Noyes, Park Ridge, N.J.
53. 18O) Method: A Guide to Its Use. Publication Number 12(1417). Laboratory of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles.
54. _. 1983b. Ecological energetics. Pp. 24-54 in R.B. Huey, E.R. Pianka, and T.W. Schoener, eds. Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
55. _. 1987. Field metabolic rate and food requirement scaling in mammals and birds. Ecol. Monogr. 57:111-128.
56. _. 1989a. Doubly-labeled water studies of vertebrate physiological ecology. Pp. 270-287 in P.W. Rundel, J.R. Ehleringer, and K.A. Nagy, eds. Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research. Springer, New York.
57. _. 1989b. Field bioenergetics: accuracy of models and methods. Physiol. Zool. 62:237-252.
58. _. 1994. Field bioenergetics of mammals: what determines field metabolic rates? Aust. J. Zool. 42:43-53.
59. Nagy K.A., B.C. Clarke, M.K. Seely, D. Mitchell, and J.R.B. Lighton. 1991. Water and energy balance in Namibian desert sand-dune lizards Angolosaurus skoogi (Andersson, 1916). Funct. Ecol. 5:731-739.
60. Nagy K.A. and D.P. Costa. 1980. Water flux in animals: analysis of potential errors in the tritiated water method. Am. J. Physiol. 238:R454-R465.
61. Nagy K.A., R.B. Huey, and A.F. Bennett. 1984. Field energetics and foraging mode of Kalahari lacertid lizards. Ecology 65:588-596.
62. Nagy K.A. and B.S. Obst. 1991. Body size effects on field energy requirements of birds: what determines their field metabolic rates? Acta XX Congr. Int. Ornithol. 4:793-799.
63. Nagy K.A. and C.C. Peterson. 1988. Scaling of water flux rate in animals. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 120:1-172.
64. Nagy K.A. and V.H. Shoemaker. 1984. Field energetics and food consumption of the Galapagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus. Physiol. Zool. 57:281-290.
65. Niewiarowski P.H. and S.R. Waldschmidt. 1992. Variation in metabolic rates of a lizard: use of SMR in ecological contexts. Funct. Ecol. 6:15-22.
66. Parry G.D. 1983. The influence of the cost of growth on ectotherm metabolism. J. Theor. Biol. 101:453-477.
67. Peterson C.C. 1996. Ecological energetics of the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii: effects of rainfall and drought. Ecology 77:1831-1844.
68. Peterson G.G., K.A. Nagy, and J. Diamond. 1990. Sustained metabolic scope. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:2324-2328.
69. Peterson C.R. 1987. Daily variation in the body temperatures of free-ranging garter snakes. Ecology 68:160-169.
70. Peterson C.R., A.R. Gibson, and M.E. Dorcas. 1993. Snake thermal ecology: the causes and consequences of body-temperature variation. Pp. 241-314 in R.A. Seigel and J.T. Collins, eds. Snakes: Ecology and Behavior. McGraw-Hill, New York.
71. Plummer M.V. and J.D. Congdon. 1996. Rates of metabolism and water flux in free-ranging racers, Coluber constrictor. Copeia 1996:8-14.
72. Pomianowska-Pilipiuk I. 1974. Energy balance and food requirements of adult vipers Vipera berus (L.). Ekol. Pol. 22:195-211.
73. Porter W.P. and C.R. Tracy. 1974. Modeling the effects of temperature changes on the ecology of Rana pipiens and Thamnophis sirtalis. Pp. 382-386 in J.W. Gibbons and R.R. Sharitz, eds. Thermal Ecology. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Symposium Series CONF-730505, Oak Ridge, Tenn.
74. Pough F.H. 1977. Ontogenetic change in blood oxygen capacity and maximum activity in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). J. Comp. Physiol. 116:337-345.
75. _. 1983. Feeding mechanisms, body size, and the ecology and evolution of snakes. Am. Zool. 23:339-342.
76. Reading C.J. and J.L. Davies. 1996. Predation of grass snakes (Natrix natrix) at a site in southern England. J. Zool. 239:73-82.
77. Reichenbach N.G. and G.H. Dalrymple. 1986. Energy use, life histories, and the evaluation of potential competition in two species of garter snake. J. Herpetol. 20:133-153.
78. Ricklefs R.E. 1991. Structures and transformations of life histories. Funct. Ecol. 5:174-183.
79. Ricklefs R.E., M. Konarzewski, and S. Daan. 1996. The relationship between basal metabolic rate and daily energy expenditure in birds and mammals. Am. Nat. 147:1047-1071.
80. Robinson M.D. 1990. Summer field energetics of the Namib desert dune lizard Aporosaura anchietae (Lacertidae), and its relation to reproduction. J. Arid Environ. 18:207-215.
81. Scott J.R., C.R. Tracy, and D. Pettus. 1982. A biophysical analysis of daily and seasonal utilization of climate space by a montane snake. Ecology 63:482-493.
82. Secor S.M. and J. Diamond. 1995. Adaptive responses to feeding in Burmese pythons: pay before pumping. J. Exp. Biol. 198:1313-1325.
83. _. 1997. Determinants of the postfeeding metabolic response of Burmese pythons, Python molorus. Physiol. Zool. 70:202-212.
84. Secor S.M. and K.A. Nagy. 1994. Bioenergetic correlates of foraging mode for the snakes Crotalus cerastes and Masticophis flagellum. Ecology 75:1600-1614.
85. Secor S.M., E.D. Stein, and J. Diamond. 1994. Rapid upregulation of snake intestine in response to feeding: a new model of intestinal adaptation. Am. J. Physiol. 266:G695-G705.
86. Sibly R.M. and P. Calow. 1986. Physiological Ecology of Animals: An Evolutionary Approach. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
87. Sinervo B. and S.C. Adolph. 1994. Growth plasticity and thermal opportunity in Sceloporus lizards. Ecology 75:776-790.
88. Smith G.C. 1976. Ecological energetics of three species of ectothermic vertebrates. Ecology 57:252-264.
89. Speakman J.R. 1995. Estimation of precision in DLW studies using the two-point methodology. Obesity Res. 3 (suppl. 1): 31-39.
90. _. 1997. Doubly-Labelled Water: Theory and Practise. Chapman & Hall, London.
91. Speakman J.R., K.A. Nagy, D. Masman, W.G. Mook, S.D. Poppitt, G.E. Strathearn, and P.A. Racey. 1990. Interlaboratory comparison of different analytical techniques for the determination of oxygen-18 abundance. Anal. Chem. 62:703-708.
92. Speakman J.R., P.A. Racey, A. Haim, P.I. Webb, G.T.H. Ellison, and J.D. Skinner. 1994. Inter- and intraindividual variation in daily energy expenditure of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus campestris). Funct. Ecol. 8:336-342.
93. Spotila J.R. and E.A. Standora. 1985. Energy budgets of ectothermic vertebrates. Am. Zool. 25:973-986.
94. Stearns S.C. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
95. Stephens D.W. and J.R. Krebs. 1986. Foraging Theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
96. Tatner P. and D.M. Bryant. 1993. Interspecific variation in daily energy expenditure during avian incubation. J. Zool. 231:215-232.
97. Thompson G.G. and P.C. Withers. 1997. Standard and maximal metabolic rates of goannas (Squamata: Varanidae). Physiol. Zool. 70:307-323.
98. Tinbergen J.M. and M. W. Dietz. 1994. Parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the great tit (Parus major) in relation to body mass, temperature, food availability, and clutch size. Funct. Ecol. 8:563-572.
99. Townsend C.R. and P. Calow. 1981. Physiological Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach to Resource Use. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
100. van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D., R. Wesselingh, J.T. Vogel, and K.B.M. Albers. 1993. Energy budgets in free-living green iguanas in a seasonal environment. Ecology 74:1157-1172.
101. 2 production, and water vapor production in a closed system. J. Appl. Physiol. 62:2103-2106.
102. Waldschmidt S.R., S.M. Jones, and W.P. Porter. 1987. Reptilia. Pp. 553-619 in T.J. Pandian and F.J. Vernberg, eds. Animal Energetics. Vol. 2. Bivalvia through Reptilia. Academic Press, New York.
103. Walton M. 1988. Relationships among metabolic, locomotory, and field measures of organismal performance in the Fowler's toad (Bufo woodehousei fowleri). Physiol. Zool. 61:107-118.
104. Wassersug R.J. and D.G. Sperry. 1977. The relationship of locomotion to differential predation on Pseudacris triseriata (Anura: Hylidae). Ecology 58:830-839.
105. Weathers W.W., W.D. Koenig, and M.T. Stanback. 1990. Breeding energetics and thermal ecology of the acorn woodpecker in central coastal California. Condor 92:341-359.
106. Wieser W. 1994. Cost of growth in cells and organisms: general rules and comparative aspects. Biol. Rev. 68:1-33.
107. 2, and evaporative water loss with a flow-through mask. J. Appl. Physiol. 42:120-123.
108. Wolf, T.J., C.P. Ellington, S. Davis, and M.J. Feltham. 1996. Validation of the doubly labelled water technique for bumblebees Bombus terrestris (L.). J. Exp. Biol. 199:959-972.
109. Wood R.A., K.A. Nagy, N.S. MacDonald, S.T. Wakakuwa, R.J. Beckman, and H. Kaaz. 1975. Determination of oxygen-18 in water contained in biological samples by charged particle activation. Anal. Chem. 47:646-650.