The temperature dependence of the local free volume in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene: A positron lifetime study

Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics

Volumn 36, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 1513-1528

  Dlubek, G ^a   Saarinen, K ^b   Fretwell, H M ^c  

^a ITA Institut fur innovative Technologien GmbH   (Germany)

^b AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Free volume; Polyethylene; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Positron lifetime measurements; Semicrystalline polymers; Thermal expansion

Indexed keywords

AMORPHOUS MATERIALS; COMPUTER SOFTWARE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; GLASS TRANSITION; THERMAL EFFECTS; THERMAL EXPANSION;

INTERSTITIAL FREE VOLUME; POSITRON ANNIHILATION LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; SEMICRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SOFTWARE PACKAGE LIFSPECFIT; SOFTWARE PACKAGE MELT;

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENES;

EID: 0032123786     PISSN: 08876266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19980715)36:9<1513::AID-POLB9>3.0.CO;2-K     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. See, e.g., M. Goldstein and R. Simha, The Glass Transition and the Nature of the Glassy State, New York Academy of Science, New York, 1976; G. Allen and S. E. B. Petrie, Eds., Physical Structure of the Amorphous State, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1976; Y. Lipatov, in Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 26, H. J. Cantow et al., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978, p. 64.
2. See, e.g., M. Goldstein and R. Simha, The Glass Transition and the Nature of the Glassy State, New York Academy of Science, New York, 1976; G. Allen and S. E. B. Petrie, Eds., Physical Structure of the Amorphous State, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1976; Y. Lipatov, in Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 26, H. J. Cantow et al., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978, p. 64.
3. See, e.g., M. Goldstein and R. Simha, The Glass Transition and the Nature of the Glassy State, New York Academy of Science, New York, 1976; G. Allen and S. E. B. Petrie, Eds., Physical Structure of the Amorphous State, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1976; Y. Lipatov, in Advances in Polymer Science, vol. 26, H. J. Cantow et al., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978, p. 64.
4. See e.g., V. I. Goldanskii, Atomic En. Rev., 6, 3 (1968); P. Hautojärvi, Ed., Positrons in Solids, Topics in Current Physics, vol. 12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979; W. Brandt and A. Dupasquier, Eds., Positron Solid-State Physics, Proc. Int. School of Physics "Enrico Fermi," Varenna, 1981, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1983.
5. See e.g., V. I. Goldanskii, Atomic En. Rev., 6, 3 (1968); P. Hautojärvi, Ed., Positrons in Solids, Topics in Current Physics, vol. 12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979; W. Brandt and A. Dupasquier, Eds., Positron Solid-State Physics, Proc. Int. School of Physics "Enrico Fermi," Varenna, 1981, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1983.
6. See e.g., V. I. Goldanskii, Atomic En. Rev., 6, 3 (1968); P. Hautojärvi, Ed., Positrons in Solids, Topics in Current Physics, vol. 12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979; W. Brandt and A. Dupasquier, Eds., Positron Solid-State Physics, Proc. Int. School of Physics "Enrico Fermi," Varenna, 1981, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1983.
7. O. E. Mogensen, Positron Annihilation in Chemistry, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 1995.
8. W. Brandt, S. Berko, and W. W. Walker, Phys. Rev., 15, 1289 (1960); W. Brandt and J. H. Fahs, Phys. Rev., B17, 1425 (1970).
9. W. Brandt, S. Berko, and W. W. Walker, Phys. Rev., 15, 1289 (1960); W. Brandt and J. H. Fahs, Phys. Rev., B17, 1425 (1970).
10. A. E. Hamielec, M. Eldrup, O. Mogensen, and P. Jansen, J. Macromol. Sci. - Revs. Macromol. Chem., C9(2), 305 (1973).
11. Y. C. Jean, in Positron Annihilation, Proc. 10th Int. Conf., Y.-J. He, B.-S. Cao, and Y. C. Jean, Eds., Mat. Sci. Forum, 175-178, Trans Tech. Publ., 1995, p. 59.
12. H. Ache, Ed., Positronium and Muonium Chemistry, Am. Chem. Soc. Adv. Chem. Ser., 175, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1979.
13. M. Eldrup, in Positron Annihilation, Proc. 6th Int. Conf., P. G. Coleman, S. C. Sharma, and L. M. Diana, Eds., North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1982, p. 753.
14. T. Goworek, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 102, 511 (1987).
15. D. M. Schrader and Y. C. Jean, Eds., Positron and Positronium Chemistry, Studies in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vol. 57, Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam, 1988.
16. I. Billard, Ed., 4th Int. Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry (ppc4), Le Mont Sainte-Odile, France, June 20-24, 1993, J. De Physique IV, 3, Colloque C4, Suppl. II, No. 9.
17. Zs. Kajcsos, B. Levay, and K. Süvegh, Eds., Proc. 5th Int. Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry (ppc5), J. Radioanal. and Nucl. Chem., 210(2), 1996, pp. 255 and 211(1), 1996, pp. 1-282.
18. Zs. Kajcsos, B. Levay, and K. Süvegh, Eds., Proc. 5th Int. Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry (ppc5), J. Radioanal. and Nucl. Chem., 210(2), 1996, pp. 255 and 211(1), 1996, pp. 1-282.
19. S. J. Tao, J. Chem. Phys., 56, 5499 (1972).
20. D. Lightbody, J. N. Sherwood, and M. Eldrup, Chem. Phys., 93, 475 (1985).
21. M. Eldrup, D. Lightbody, and J. N. Sherwood, Chem. Phys., 63, 51 (1981).
22. H. Nakanishi and Y. C. Jean, in ref. 10, p. 159.
23. S. J. Wang and Y. C. Jean, in ref. 10, p. 255.
24. R. A. Pethrick, Progr. Polym. Sci., 22, 1 (1997).
25. W. Brandt and I. Spirn, Phys. Rev., 142, 231 (1966).
26. P. C. Jain, S. Bhatnagar, and A. Gupta, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., 5, 2156 (1972).
27. A. V. Goldanskii, V. A. Onishuk, and V. P. Shantarovich, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 102, 559 (1987).
28. H. J. Ache, in ref. 10, p. 318.
29. J. Serna, J. Ch. Abbe, and G. Duplatre, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 115, 389 (1989).
30. G. Reiter and P. Kindl, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 118, 161 (1990).
31. Z. Zhang and Y. Ito, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 38, 221 (1991).
32. T. Suzuki, Y. Oki, M. Numajirir, K. Kondo, and Y. Ito, J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 30, 517 (1992).
33. M. Tanaka, K. Takebe, A. Uedono, Y. Ujihira, K. Horie, and T. Asanuma, in Positron Annihilation, Proc. 9th Int. Conf., Z. Kajcsos and C. Szeles, Eds., Mat. Sci. Forum, 105-110, 1992, p. 1737.
34. G. Brauer, Th. Daniel, W. Faust, Z. Michno, and R. Scheider, in ref. 11, p. 279 and G. Brauer, W. Hertle, and A. G. Balogh, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 105, K7 (1988).
35. G. Brauer, Th. Daniel, W. Faust, Z. Michno, and R. Scheider, in ref. 11, p. 279 and G. Brauer, W. Hertle, and A. G. Balogh, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 105, K7 (1988).
36. J. Tino, J. Kristiak, Z. Hlouskove, and O. Sausa, Eur. Polym. J., 29, 95 (1993).
37. T. Suzuki, Y. Oki, M. Numamiri, T. Miura, K. Kondo, Y. Ito, and Y. Shiomi, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 43, 557 (1994).
38. A. M. ElSayed, E. E. Abdel-Hady, R. A. Rizk, and M. Mohsen, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 44, 31 (1994).
39. S. Shen, J. Lou, J. Cheng, K. Hong, Q. Zhu, and X. Zhou, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 147, 447 (1995).
40. A. Uedono, T. Kawano, S. Tanigawa, M. Ban, M. Kyoto, and T. Uozimi, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 34, 2145 (1996).
41. K. S. Bhatki, S.D. Pradhan, and B. V. Thosar, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 47, 691 (1978).
42. P. Kindl, W. Puff, and H. Sormann, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 58, 489 (1980); P. Kindl, H. Sormann, and W. Puff, ref. 8, p. 685.
43. C. L. Wang, B. Wang, S. Q. Li, and S. J. Wang, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 5, 7515 (1993).
44. M. M. Madani, R. C. Macqeen, and R. D. Granata, J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 34, 2770 (1996).
45. S. Y. Wang, T. B. Chang, and H. D. Wang, in Positron Annihilation, Proc. 9th Int. Conf., Z. Kajcsos and C. Szeles, Eds., Mat. Sci. Forum, 105-110, 1778 (1992).
46. G. Dlubek and K. Saarinen, in ref. 12, 210, (2), p. 495; G. Dlubek, K. Saarinen, and H. M. Fretwell, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B (submitted).
47. G. Dlubek and K. Saarinen, in ref. 12, 210, (2), p. 495; G. Dlubek, K. Saarinen, and H. M. Fretwell, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B (submitted).
48. LIFSPECFIT 5.1, Lifetime Spectrum Fit Version 5.1, Technical University of Helsinki, 1992.
49. A. Shukla, M. Peter, and L. Hoffmann, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 335, 310 (1993); L. Hoffmann, A. Shukla, M. Peter, B. Barbiellini, and A. A. Manuel, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 335, 276 (1993).
50. A. Shukla, M. Peter, and L. Hoffmann, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 335, 310 (1993); L. Hoffmann, A. Shukla, M. Peter, B. Barbiellini, and A. A. Manuel, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 335, 276 (1993).
51. R. B. Gregory and A. Procyk, in ref. 10, p. 524; R. B. Gregory and Y. Zhu, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 290, 172 (1990); R. B. Gregory, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 302, 496 (1991).
52. R. B. Gregory and A. Procyk, in ref. 10, p. 524; R. B. Gregory and Y. Zhu, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 290, 172 (1990); R. B. Gregory, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 302, 496 (1991).
53. R. B. Gregory and A. Procyk, in ref. 10, p. 524; R. B. Gregory and Y. Zhu, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 290, 172 (1990); R. B. Gregory, Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 302, 496 (1991).
54. M. Welander and F. H. Maurer, in Positron Annihilation, Proc. 9th Int. Conf., Z. Kajcsos and C. Szeles, Eds., Mat. Sci. Forum, 105-110, 1811 (1992).
55. R. A. Naslud, Ph. L. Jones, and A. Crowson, in ref. 6, p. 739.
56. R. S. Brusa, M. Duarte Naia, D. Margoni, and A. Zecca, in ref. 6, p. 655.
57. S. V. Naidu and F. A. Smith, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 6, 3865 (1994).
58. A. I. Kidaigorodsky, Molecular Crystals and Molecules, Academic Press, New York, 1973.
59. R. P. Quirk, M. A. A. Alsamarrie, C. A. Sperati, in Polymer Handbook, J. Brandrup and E. H. Immergut, Eds., Third ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985, pp. V/15, V/35.
60. A. Bondi, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 441 (1964); Physical Properties of Molecular Crystals, Liquids, and Gases, Wiley, New York, 1968, p. 450.
61. A. Bondi, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 441 (1964); Physical Properties of Molecular Crystals, Liquids, and Gases, Wiley, New York, 1968, p. 450.
62. D. W. Van Krevelen, Properties of Polymers, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1990.
63. H. Nakanishi, Y. C. Jean, E. G. Smith, and T. C. Sandreczki, J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 27, 1419 (1989).
64. H. Nakanishi and Y. C. Jean, Macromolecules, 24, 6618 (1991).
65. A. Schatzki, J. Polym. Sci., 57, 496 (1962).
66. R. F. Boyer, Rubbery Rev., 34, 1303 (1963).
67. J. A. Brydson, in Polymer Science, 1, A. D. Jenkins, Ed., North-Holland Publ. Comp., Amsterdam, London, 1972, p. 194.
68. N. M. McCrum and E. L. Morris, Proc. Roy. Soc., 137, 353 (1966).
69. S.-F. Lau, J. P. Wesson, and B. Wunderlich, Macromolecules, 17, 1102 (1984).
70. L. A. Wood, J. Polym. Sci., 28, 319 (1958).
71. Y. Araki, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 9, 421 (1965).
72. R. Simha and R. F. Boyer, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 1003 (1962).
73. R. Simha and C. E. Will, J. Macromol. Sci. Phys., B4, 215 (1970).
74. R. F. Boyer and R. Simha, J. Polym. Sci., B11, 33 (1973).
75. Y. C. Jean, T. C. Sandreczki, and D. P. Ames, J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 24, 1247 (1987).
76. Y. Kobayashi, W. Zheng, E. F. Meyer, J. D. McGervey, A. M. Jamieson, and R. Simha, Macromolecules, 22, 2303 (1989).
77. Y. Y. Wang, H. Nakanishi, Y. C. Yean, and T. C. Sandreczky, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 28, 1431 (1990).
78. J.-E. Kluin, Z. Yu, S. Vleeshouwers, J. D. McGervey, A. M. Jamieson, and R. Simha, Macromolecules, 25, 5089 (1992).
79. Z. Yu, U. Yashi, J. D. McGervey, A. M. Jamieson, and R. Simha, J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 23, 2637 (1994).
80. L. Xie, D. W. Gidley, H. A. Hristov, and A. F. Yee, J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 33, 77 (1995).
81. J. Kristiak, J. Bartos, K. Kristiakova, O. Sausa, and P. Bandzuch, Phys. Rev. B, 49, 6601 (1996).
82. J. Bartos, K. Kristiakova, O. Sausa, and J. Kristiak, Polymer, 37, 3397 (1996).
83. H. A. Hristov, B. Bolan, A. F. Ye, L. Xie, and D. W. Gidley, Macromolecules, 29, 8507 (1996).
84. M. Bahn, M. Kyoto, A. Uedono, T. Kawano, and S. Tanigawa, J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 34, 1189 (1996).
85. J. S. Ventras and J. L. Duda, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 22, 2339 (1979).
86. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Appl. Phys., 21, 581 (1950); T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Polym. Sci., 14, 315 (1954).
87. T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Appl. Phys., 21, 581 (1950); T. G. Fox and P. J. Flory, J. Polym. Sci., 14, 315 (1954).
88. A. K. Doolittle, J. Appl. Phys., 22, 1471 (1951).
89. M. Williams, R. F. Landel, and J. D. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 3701 (1955).
90. A. V. Tobolsky, Properties and Structure of Polymers, John Wiley, New York, 1960.
91. F. Bueche, Physical Properties of Polymers, Interscience, New York, 1962.
92. M. Hedenqvist, A. Angelstok, L. Edsberg, P. T. Larsson, and U. W. Gedde, Polymer, 37, 2887 (1996).
93. S. S. Jordan and W. J. Koros, Macromolecules, 28, 2228 (1995).
94. Y. Kobayashi, K. Haraya, S. Hattori, and T. Sasuga, Polymer, 35, 925 (1994).
95. K. Hirata, Y. Kobayashi, and Y. Ujihira, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 92, 985 (1996).
96. B. Levay, M. Lalovic, and H. J. Ache, J. Chem. Phys., 90, 3282 (1989).