Duality and supersymmetry

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

Volumn 67, Issue 1-3, 1998, Pages 117-157

  De Wit, Bernard ^a   Louis, Jan ^b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032114350     PISSN: 09205632     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00127-3     Document Type: Article

References (184)

1. 1. For an overview of results in supersymmetry and supergravity, see, for example, S. Ferrara (ed.), "Supersymmetry", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989); A. Salam and E. Sezgin (eds.), "Supergravities in Diverse Dimensions", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989). There are many references on the structure of supermultiplets. A few of them are, W. Nahm, "Supersymmetries and their representations", Nucl. Phys. B135 (1978) 149; S. Ferrara, C.A. Savoy and B. Zumino, "General massive multiplets in extended supersymmetry", Phys. Lett. 100B (1981) 393. S. Ferrara and C.A. Savoy, "Representations of extended supersymmetry on one- and two-particle states", in Supergravity '81, eds. S. Ferrara and J.G. Taylor, Cambridge University Press (1982), p 47.
2. 1. For an overview of results in supersymmetry and supergravity, see, for example, S. Ferrara (ed.), "Supersymmetry", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989); A. Salam and E. Sezgin (eds.), "Supergravities in Diverse Dimensions", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989). There are many references on the structure of supermultiplets. A few of them are, W. Nahm, "Supersymmetries and their representations", Nucl. Phys. B135 (1978) 149; S. Ferrara, C.A. Savoy and B. Zumino, "General massive multiplets in extended supersymmetry", Phys. Lett. 100B (1981) 393. S. Ferrara and C.A. Savoy, "Representations of extended supersymmetry on one- and two-particle states", in Supergravity '81, eds. S. Ferrara and J.G. Taylor, Cambridge University Press (1982), p 47.
3. 1. For an overview of results in supersymmetry and supergravity, see, for example, S. Ferrara (ed.), "Supersymmetry", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989); A. Salam and E. Sezgin (eds.), "Supergravities in Diverse Dimensions", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989). There are many references on the structure of supermultiplets. A few of them are, W. Nahm, "Supersymmetries and their representations", Nucl. Phys. B135 (1978) 149; S. Ferrara, C.A. Savoy and B. Zumino, "General massive multiplets in extended supersymmetry", Phys. Lett. 100B (1981) 393. S. Ferrara and C.A. Savoy, "Representations of extended supersymmetry on one- and two-particle states", in Supergravity '81, eds. S. Ferrara and J.G. Taylor, Cambridge University Press (1982), p 47.
4. 1. For an overview of results in supersymmetry and supergravity, see, for example, S. Ferrara (ed.), "Supersymmetry", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989); A. Salam and E. Sezgin (eds.), "Supergravities in Diverse Dimensions", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989). There are many references on the structure of supermultiplets. A few of them are, W. Nahm, "Supersymmetries and their representations", Nucl. Phys. B135 (1978) 149; S. Ferrara, C.A. Savoy and B. Zumino, "General massive multiplets in extended supersymmetry", Phys. Lett. 100B (1981) 393. S. Ferrara and C.A. Savoy, "Representations of extended supersymmetry on one- and two-particle states", in Supergravity '81, eds. S. Ferrara and J.G. Taylor, Cambridge University Press (1982), p 47.
5. 1. For an overview of results in supersymmetry and supergravity, see, for example, S. Ferrara (ed.), "Supersymmetry", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989); A. Salam and E. Sezgin (eds.), "Supergravities in Diverse Dimensions", Vol. 1 & 2, North-Holland/World Scientific (1989). There are many references on the structure of supermultiplets. A few of them are, W. Nahm, "Supersymmetries and their representations", Nucl. Phys. B135 (1978) 149; S. Ferrara, C.A. Savoy and B. Zumino, "General massive multiplets in extended supersymmetry", Phys. Lett. 100B (1981) 393. S. Ferrara and C.A. Savoy, "Representations of extended supersymmetry on one- and two-particle states", in Supergravity '81, eds. S. Ferrara and J.G. Taylor, Cambridge University Press (1982), p 47.
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29. 15. C. Aragone and S. Deser, "Consistency Problems of Hypergravity", Phys. Lett. B86 (1979) 161; F.A. Berends, J.W. van Holten, P. van Nieuwenhuizen, and B. de Wit, "On spin-5/2 gauge fields", J. Phys. A13 (1980) 1643; B. de Wit and D.Z. Freedman, "Systematics of higher-spin gauge fields", Phys. Rev. D21 (1980) 358.
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39. 20. E. Cremmer, "N=8 Supergravity", in Unification of Fundamental particle Interactions, p. 137, eds. S. Ferrara, J. Ellis, P. van Nieuwenhuizen, Plenum (1980); "Supergravities in 5 dimensions", in Superspace & Supergravity, p. 267, eds. S.W. Hawking and M. Roček, Cambridge University Press (1981); B. Julia, "Group Disintegrations", in Superspace & Supergravity, p. 331, eds. S.W. Hawking and M. Roček, Cambridge University Press (1981).
40. 21. S. Ferrara, J. Scherk and B. Zumino, "Algebraic Properties of Extended Supersymmetry", Nucl. Phys. B121 (1977) 393; E. Cremmer, J. Scherk and S. Ferrara, "SU(4) Invariant Supergravity Theory", Phys. Lett. 74B (1978) 61; B. de Wit, "Properties of SO(8)-extended supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B158 (1979) 189; M.K. Gaillard and B. Zumino, "Duality rotations for interacting fields", Nucl. Phys. B193 (1981) 221; B. de Wit and H. Nicolai, "N=8 Supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B208 (1982) 323.
41. 21. S. Ferrara, J. Scherk and B. Zumino, "Algebraic Properties of Extended Supersymmetry", Nucl. Phys. B121 (1977) 393; E. Cremmer, J. Scherk and S. Ferrara, "SU(4) Invariant Supergravity Theory", Phys. Lett. 74B (1978) 61; B. de Wit, "Properties of SO(8)-extended supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B158 (1979) 189; M.K. Gaillard and B. Zumino, "Duality rotations for interacting fields", Nucl. Phys. B193 (1981) 221; B. de Wit and H. Nicolai, "N=8 Supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B208 (1982) 323.
42. 21. S. Ferrara, J. Scherk and B. Zumino, "Algebraic Properties of Extended Supersymmetry", Nucl. Phys. B121 (1977) 393; E. Cremmer, J. Scherk and S. Ferrara, "SU(4) Invariant Supergravity Theory", Phys. Lett. 74B (1978) 61; B. de Wit, "Properties of SO(8)-extended supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B158 (1979) 189; M.K. Gaillard and B. Zumino, "Duality rotations for interacting fields", Nucl. Phys. B193 (1981) 221; B. de Wit and H. Nicolai, "N=8 Supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B208 (1982) 323.
43. 21. S. Ferrara, J. Scherk and B. Zumino, "Algebraic Properties of Extended Supersymmetry", Nucl. Phys. B121 (1977) 393; E. Cremmer, J. Scherk and S. Ferrara, "SU(4) Invariant Supergravity Theory", Phys. Lett. 74B (1978) 61; B. de Wit, "Properties of SO(8)-extended supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B158 (1979) 189; M.K. Gaillard and B. Zumino, "Duality rotations for interacting fields", Nucl. Phys. B193 (1981) 221; B. de Wit and H. Nicolai, "N=8 Supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B208 (1982) 323.
44. 21. S. Ferrara, J. Scherk and B. Zumino, "Algebraic Properties of Extended Supersymmetry", Nucl. Phys. B121 (1977) 393; E. Cremmer, J. Scherk and S. Ferrara, "SU(4) Invariant Supergravity Theory", Phys. Lett. 74B (1978) 61; B. de Wit, "Properties of SO(8)-extended supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B158 (1979) 189; M.K. Gaillard and B. Zumino, "Duality rotations for interacting fields", Nucl. Phys. B193 (1981) 221; B. de Wit and H. Nicolai, "N=8 Supergravity", Nucl. Phys. B208 (1982) 323.
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53. 28. A.H. Chamseddine, "Interacting supergravity in ten dimensions: the role of the six-index gauge field", Phys. Rev. D24 (1981) 3065; E. Bergshoeff, M. de Roo, B. de Wit and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, "Ten-dimensional Maxwell-Einstein supergravity, its currents, and the issue of its auxiliary fields", Nucl. Phys. B195 (1982) 97; E. Bergshoeff, M. de Roo and B. de Wit, "Conformal supergravity in ten dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B217 (1983) 143. G. Chapline and N.S. Manton, "Unification of Yang-Mills theory and supergravity in ten dimensions", Phys. Lett. 120B (1983) 105.
54. 28. A.H. Chamseddine, "Interacting supergravity in ten dimensions: the role of the six-index gauge field", Phys. Rev. D24 (1981) 3065; E. Bergshoeff, M. de Roo, B. de Wit and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, "Ten-dimensional Maxwell-Einstein supergravity, its currents, and the issue of its auxiliary fields", Nucl. Phys. B195 (1982) 97; E. Bergshoeff, M. de Roo and B. de Wit, "Conformal supergravity in ten dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B217 (1983) 143. G. Chapline and N.S. Manton, "Unification of Yang-Mills theory and supergravity in ten dimensions", Phys. Lett. 120B (1983) 105.
55. 28. A.H. Chamseddine, "Interacting supergravity in ten dimensions: the role of the six-index gauge field", Phys. Rev. D24 (1981) 3065; E. Bergshoeff, M. de Roo, B. de Wit and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, "Ten-dimensional Maxwell-Einstein supergravity, its currents, and the issue of its auxiliary fields", Nucl. Phys. B195 (1982) 97; E. Bergshoeff, M. de Roo and B. de Wit, "Conformal supergravity in ten dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B217 (1983) 143. G. Chapline and N.S. Manton, "Unification of Yang-Mills theory and supergravity in ten dimensions", Phys. Lett. 120B (1983) 105.
56. 29. For a review of perturbative string theory see, for example, M. Green, J. Schwarz and E. Witten, "Superstring theory", Vol. 1&2, Cambridge University Press, (1987); D. Lüst and S. Theisen, "Lectures on string theory", Springer, (1989); J. Polchinski, "What is String Theory", Les Houches lectures 1994, hep-th/94111028; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to Superstring Theory", hep-th/9709062.
57. 29. For a review of perturbative string theory see, for example, M. Green, J. Schwarz and E. Witten, "Superstring theory", Vol. 1&2, Cambridge University Press, (1987); D. Lüst and S. Theisen, "Lectures on string theory", Springer, (1989); J. Polchinski, "What is String Theory", Les Houches lectures 1994, hep-th/94111028; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to Superstring Theory", hep-th/9709062.
58. 29. For a review of perturbative string theory see, for example, M. Green, J. Schwarz and E. Witten, "Superstring theory", Vol. 1&2, Cambridge University Press, (1987); D. Lüst and S. Theisen, "Lectures on string theory", Springer, (1989); J. Polchinski, "What is String Theory", Les Houches lectures 1994, hep-th/94111028; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to Superstring Theory", hep-th/9709062.
59. 29. For a review of perturbative string theory see, for example, M. Green, J. Schwarz and E. Witten, "Superstring theory", Vol. 1&2, Cambridge University Press, (1987); D. Lüst and S. Theisen, "Lectures on string theory", Springer, (1989); J. Polchinski, "What is String Theory", Les Houches lectures 1994, hep-th/94111028; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to Superstring Theory", hep-th/9709062.
60. 30. For a review see, for example, A.A. Tseytlin, in Superstrings '89, ed. M. Green, R. Iengo, S. Randjbar-Daemi, E. Sezgin and A. Strominger, World Scientific, (1990). C. Callan and L. Thorlacius, in Particles, Strings and Supernovae, ed. A. Jevicki and C.-I. Tan, World Scientific, (1989).
61. 30. For a review see, for example, A.A. Tseytlin, in Superstrings '89, ed. M. Green, R. Iengo, S. Randjbar-Daemi, E. Sezgin and A. Strominger, World Scientific, (1990). C. Callan and L. Thorlacius, in Particles, Strings and Supernovae, ed. A. Jevicki and C.-I. Tan, World Scientific, (1989).
62. 31. For a review see, for example, J. Polchinski, "TASI lectures on D-branes", hep-th/9611050; C. Bachas, "(Half) a Lecture on D-branes", hep-th/9701019.
63. 31. For a review see, for example, J. Polchinski, "TASI lectures on D-branes", hep-th/9611050; C. Bachas, "(Half) a Lecture on D-branes", hep-th/9701019.
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66. 33. O. Bergman and M.R. Gaberdiel, "A Non-Supersymmetric Open String Theory and S-Duality ", Nucl. Phys. B499 (1997) 183, hep-th/9701137; J.D. Blum and K.R. Dienes, " Strong/Weak Coupling Duality Relations for Non-Supersymmetric String Theories", hep-th/9707160.
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68. 35. For a review, see P. Aspinwall, "K3 surfaces and string duality", hep-th/9611137.
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70. 36. For a review, see, for example, S. Hosono, A. Klemm and S. Theisen, "Lectures on mirror symmetry", hep-th/9403096; B. Greene, "String Theory on Calabi-Yau Manifolds", hep-th/9702155.
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83. 45. D.R. Morrison and C. Vafa, "Compactifications of F-theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds - I", Nucl. Phys. B473 (1996) 74, hep-th/9602111; "Compactifications of F-theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds - II", Nucl. Phys. B476 (1996) 437, hep-th/9603161.
84. 45. D.R. Morrison and C. Vafa, "Compactifications of F-theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds - I", Nucl. Phys. B473 (1996) 74, hep-th/9602111; "Compactifications of F-theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds - II", Nucl. Phys. B476 (1996) 437, hep-th/9603161.
85. 46. M. Berkooz, R. Leigh, J. Polchinski, J. Schwarz, N. Seiberg and E. Witten, "Anomalies, Dualities, and Topology of D = 6, N = 1 superstring vacua", Nucl. Phys. B475 (1996) 115, hep-th/9605184.
86. 47. G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Heterotic/heterotic duality in D = 6,4", Phys. Lett. B380 (1996) 33, hep-th/9602097.
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88. 48. M. Bianchi and A. Sagnotti, "On the systematics of open string theories", Phys. Lett. B247 (1990) 517; "Twist symmetry and open string Wilson lines", Nucl. Phys. B361 (1991) 519; A. Sagnotti, "A note on the Green-Schwarz mechanism in open string theories", Phys. Lett. B294 (1992) 196; for a review see, for example, A. Sagnotti, "Surprises in open-string perturbation theory", hep-th/9702093.
89. 48. M. Bianchi and A. Sagnotti, "On the systematics of open string theories", Phys. Lett. B247 (1990) 517; "Twist symmetry and open string Wilson lines", Nucl. Phys. B361 (1991) 519; A. Sagnotti, "A note on the Green-Schwarz mechanism in open string theories", Phys. Lett. B294 (1992) 196; for a review see, for example, A. Sagnotti, "Surprises in open-string perturbation theory", hep-th/9702093.
90. 48. M. Bianchi and A. Sagnotti, "On the systematics of open string theories", Phys. Lett. B247 (1990) 517; "Twist symmetry and open string Wilson lines", Nucl. Phys. B361 (1991) 519; A. Sagnotti, "A note on the Green-Schwarz mechanism in open string theories", Phys. Lett. B294 (1992) 196; for a review see, for example, A. Sagnotti, "Surprises in open-string perturbation theory", hep-th/9702093.
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93. 50. L. Dixon, "Some Worldsheet Properties of Superstring Compactifications, on Orbifolds and Otherwise", in Superstrings, Unified Theories, and Cosmology ed. G. Furlan et al., World Scientific (1988); P. Candelas, M. Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Calabi-Yau manifolds in weighted P(4)", Nucl. Phys. B341 (1990) 383; B. Greene and R. Plesser, "Duality in Calabi-Yau Moduli Space", Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 15.
94. 50. L. Dixon, "Some Worldsheet Properties of Superstring Compactifications, on Orbifolds and Otherwise", in Superstrings, Unified Theories, and Cosmology ed. G. Furlan et al., World Scientific (1988); P. Candelas, M. Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Calabi-Yau manifolds in weighted P(4)", Nucl. Phys. B341 (1990) 383; B. Greene and R. Plesser, "Duality in Calabi-Yau Moduli Space", Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 15.
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97. 53. For recent reviews on special geometry, see, for example, B. de Wit and A. van Proeyen, "Special geometry and symplectic transformations", Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 45B,C (1996) 196, hep-th/9510186; A. van Proeyen, "Vector multiplets in N = 2 supersymmetry and its associated moduli spaces", hep-th/9512139.
98. 53. For recent reviews on special geometry, see, for example, B. de Wit and A. van Proeyen, "Special geometry and symplectic transformations", Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 45B,C (1996) 196, hep-th/9510186; A. van Proeyen, "Vector multiplets in N = 2 supersymmetry and its associated moduli spaces", hep-th/9512139.
99. 54. S. Cecotti, S. Ferrara and L. Girardello, "Geometry of type-II superstrings and the moduli of superconformal field theories", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A4 (1989), 2475.
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101. 56. For a collection of reprints see, for example, "String Theory in four Dimensions", ed. M. Dine, North-Holland, 1988. For a review see, for example, F. Quevedo, "Lectures on Superstring Phenomenology", hep-th/9603074.
102. 56. For a collection of reprints see, for example, "String Theory in four Dimensions", ed. M. Dine, North-Holland, 1988. For a review see, for example, F. Quevedo, "Lectures on Superstring Phenomenology", hep-th/9603074.
103. 57. C. Angelantonj, M. Bianchi, G. Pradisi, A. Sagnotti and Y. Stanev, "Chiral Asymmetry in Four-Dimensional Open-String Vacua", Phys. Lett. B385 (1996) 96, hep-th/9606169.
104. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
105. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
106. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
107. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
108. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg- Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
109. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
110. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
111. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
112. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
113. 58. For a review see, for example, C.G. Callan, J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "Supersymmetric string solitons", hep-th/9112030; M.J. Duff, R.R. Khuri and J.X. Lü, "String solitons", Phys. Rept. 259 (1995) 213, hep-th/9412184; J. Schwarz, "Lectures on superstring and M-theory dualities", hep-th/9607021; A. Sen, "Unification of string dualities", hep-th/9609176; W. Lerche, "Introduction to Seiberg-Witten Theory and its Stringy Origin", Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 55B (1997) 83, hep-th/9611190; S. Förste and J. Louis, "Duality in String Theory", in Gauge Theories, Applied Supersymmetry and Quantum Gravity II, ed. A. Sevrin, K.S. Stelle K. Thielemans and A. Van Proeyen, Imperial College Press, 1997, hep-th/9612192; C. Vafa, "Lectures on Strings and Dualities", hep-th/9702201; A. Klemm, "On the Geometry behind N=2 Supersymmetric Effective Actions in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9705131; E. Kiritsis, "Introduction to non-perturbative String Theory", hep-th/9708130; W. Lerche, "Recent Developments in String Theory", hep-th/9710246.
114. 59. P.K. Townsend, Four Lectures on M-theory, lectures given at the 1996 ICTP Summer School in High Energy Physics and Cosmology, Trieste, hep-th/9612121.
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116. 61. C.M. Hull, "String-string duality in ten-dimensions", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 545, hep-th/9506194.
117. 62. J. Polchinski and E. Witten, "Evidence for heterotic - type-I duality", Nucl. Phys. B460 (1996) 525, hep-th/9510169.
118. 63. M.J. Duff and J.X. Lü, "Black and super p-branes in diverse dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B416 (1994) 301; M.J. Duff and R. Minasian, "Putting string/string duality to the test", Nucl. Phys. B436 (1995) 261, hep-th/9406198.
119. 63. M.J. Duff and J.X. Lü, "Black and super p-branes in diverse dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B416 (1994) 301; M.J. Duff and R. Minasian, "Putting string/string duality to the test", Nucl. Phys. B436 (1995) 261, hep-th/9406198.
120. 64. A. Sen, "String-string duality conjecture in six dimensions and charged solitonic strings", Nucl. Phys. B450 (1995) 103, hep-th/9504027.
121. 65. J.A. Harvey and A. Strominger, "The heterotic string is a soliton", Nucl. Phys. B449 (1995) 456, hep-th/9504047.
122. 66. S. Kachru and C. Vafa, "Exact results for N = 2 compactifications of heterotic strings", Nucl. Phys. B450 (1995) 69, hep-th/9505105.
123. 67. S. Ferrara, J.A. Harvey, A. Strominger and C. Vafa, "Second-quantized mirror symmetry", Phys. Lett. B361 (1995) 59, hep-th/9505162.
124. 68. A. Klemm, W. Lerche and P. Mayr, "K3 fibrations and heterotic type-II string duality", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 313, hep-th/9506112.
125. 69. C. Vafa and E. Witten, "Dual string pairs with N = 1 and N = 2 supersymmetry in four-dimensions", hep-th/9507050.
126. 70. P.S. Aspinwall and J. Louis, "On the ubiquity of K3 fibrations in string duality", Phys. Lett. B369 (1996) 233, hep-th/9510234.
127. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
128. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
129. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
130. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
131. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
132. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
133. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
134. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
135. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
136. 71. V. Kaplunovsky, J. Louis and S. Theisen, "Aspects of duality in N = 2 string vacua", Phys. Lett. B357 (1995) 71, hep-th/9506110; I. Antoniadis, E. Gava, K.S. Narain and T.R. Taylor, "N = 2 type-II - heterotic duality and higher derivative F-terms", Nucl. Phys. B455 (1995) 109, hep-th/9507115; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L.E. Ibañez and F. Quevedo, "Chains of N = 2, D = 4 heterotic type-II duals", Nucl. Phys. B461 (1996) 85, hep-th/9510093; G. Lopes Cardoso, G. Curio, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "BPS spectra and non-perturbative couplings in N = 2,4 supersymmetric string theories", Nucl. Phys. B464 (1996) 18, hep-th/9512129; P. Candelas and A. Font, "Duality Between the Webs of Heterotic and Type II Vacua, hep-th/9603170; P. Berglund, S. Katz, A. Klemm and P. Mayr, "New Higgs transitions between dual N = 2 string models", Nucl. Phys. B483 (1997) 209, hep-th/9605154; M. Bershadsky, K. Intriligator, S. Kachru, D.R. Morrison, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "Geometric singularities and enhanced gauge symmetries", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 215, hep-th/9605200; J. Louis, J. Sonnenschein, S. Theisen and S. Yankielowicz, "Nonperturbative properties of heterotic string vacua", Nucl. Phys. B480 (1996) 185, hep-th/9606049; B. de Wit, G. Lopes Cardoso, D. Lüst, T. Mohaupt and S.-J. Rey, "Higher order gravitational couplings and modular forms in N = 2, D = 4 heterotic string compactifications", Nucl. Phys. B481 (1996) 353hep-th/9607184; for a review see, J. Louis and K. Förger, "Holomorphic couplings in string theory", Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) 55B (1997) 33, hep-th/9611184.
137. 72. I. Antoniadis, C. Bachas, C. Fabre, H. Partouche and T.R. Taylor, "Aspects of Type I-Type II-Heterotic Triality in Four Dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B489 (1997) 160, hep-th/9608012; for a review see, for example, I. Antoniadis, H. Partouche and T.R. Taylor, "Lectures on heterotic-type-I duality", hep-th/9706211.
138. 72. I. Antoniadis, C. Bachas, C. Fabre, H. Partouche and T.R. Taylor, "Aspects of Type I-Type II-Heterotic Triality in Four Dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B489 (1997) 160, hep-th/9608012; for a review see, for example, I. Antoniadis, H. Partouche and T.R. Taylor, "Lectures on heterotic-type-I duality", hep-th/9706211.
139. 73. C. Montonen and D. Olive, "Magnetic monopoles as gauge particles?", Phys. Lett. 72B (1977) 117; E. Witten and D. Olive, "Supersymmetry algebras that include topological charges", Phys. Lett. 78B (1978) 97.
140. 73. C. Montonen and D. Olive, "Magnetic monopoles as gauge particles?", Phys. Lett. 72B (1977) 117; E. Witten and D. Olive, "Supersymmetry algebras that include topological charges", Phys. Lett. 78B (1978) 97.
141. 74. J. Schwarz, "An SL(2,Z) multiplet of type-US superstrings", Phys. Lett. B360 (1995) 13, hep-th/9508143.
142. 75. E. Witten, "Bound states of strings and p-branes", Nucl. Phys. B460 (1996) 335, hep-th/9510135.
143. 76. For a review see, J.A. Harvey "Magnetic monopoles, duality and supersymmetry", hep-th/9603086.
144. 77. A. Font, L.E. Ibañez, D. Lüst and F. Quevedo, "Strong-weak coupling duality and nonperturbative effects in string theory", Phys. Lett. B249 (1990) 35.
145. 78. A. Sen, "SL(2, Z) duality and magnetically charged strings", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A8 (1993) 5079, hep-th/9302038; "Dyonmonopole bound states, selfdual harmonic forms on the multi-monopole moduli space, and SL(2, Z) invariance in string theory", Phys. Lett. B329 (1994) 217, hep-th/9402032; J. Schwarz and A. Sen, "Duality symmetric actions", Nucl. Phys. B411 (1994) 35, hep-th/9304154; "Duality symmetries of 4-D heterotic strings", Phys. Lett. B312 (1993) 105, hep-th//9305185.
146. 78. A. Sen, "SL(2, Z) duality and magnetically charged strings", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A8 (1993) 5079, hep-th/9302038; "Dyonmonopole bound states, selfdual harmonic forms on the multi-monopole moduli space, and SL(2, Z) invariance in string theory", Phys. Lett. B329 (1994) 217, hep-th/9402032; J. Schwarz and A. Sen, "Duality symmetric actions", Nucl. Phys. B411 (1994) 35, hep-th/9304154; "Duality symmetries of 4-D heterotic strings", Phys. Lett. B312 (1993) 105, hep-th//9305185.
147. 78. A. Sen, "SL(2, Z) duality and magnetically charged strings", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A8 (1993) 5079, hep-th/9302038; "Dyonmonopole bound states, selfdual harmonic forms on the multi-monopole moduli space, and SL(2, Z) invariance in string theory", Phys. Lett. B329 (1994) 217, hep-th/9402032; J. Schwarz and A. Sen, "Duality symmetric actions", Nucl. Phys. B411 (1994) 35, hep-th/9304154; "Duality symmetries of 4-D heterotic strings", Phys. Lett. B312 (1993) 105, hep-th//9305185.
148. 78. A. Sen, "SL(2, Z) duality and magnetically charged strings", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A8 (1993) 5079, hep-th/9302038; "Dyonmonopole bound states, selfdual harmonic forms on the multi-monopole moduli space, and SL(2, Z) invariance in string theory", Phys. Lett. B329 (1994) 217, hep-th/9402032; J. Schwarz and A. Sen, "Duality symmetric actions", Nucl. Phys. B411 (1994) 35, hep-th/9304154; "Duality symmetries of 4-D heterotic strings", Phys. Lett. B312 (1993) 105, hep-th//9305185.
149. 79. P. Hořava and E. Witten, "Heterotic and type-I string dynamics from eleven-dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B460 (1996), 506, hep-th/9510209; "Eleven-dimensional supergravity and a manifold with boundary", Nucl. Phys. B475 (1996)94, hep-th/9603142.
150. 79. P. Hořava and E. Witten, "Heterotic and type-I string dynamics from eleven-dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B460 (1996), 506, hep-th/9510209; "Eleven-dimensional supergravity and a manifold with boundary", Nucl. Phys. B475 (1996)94, hep-th/9603142.
151. 80. T. Banks, W. Fischler, S.H. Shenker and L. Susskind, "M Theory As A Matrix Model: A Conjecture", Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 5112, hep-th/9610043.
152. 81. M. Claudson and M.B. Halpern, "Supersymmetric ground state wave functions", Nucl. Phys. B250 (1985) 689; R. Flume, "On quantum mechanics with extended supersymmetry and nonabelian gauge constraints", Ann. Phys. 164 (1985) 189; M. Baake, P. Reinicke, and V. Rittenberg, "Fierz identities for real Clifford algebras and the number of supercharges", J. Math. Phys. 26 (1985) 1070.
153. 81. M. Claudson and M.B. Halpern, "Supersymmetric ground state wave functions", Nucl. Phys. B250 (1985) 689; R. Flume, "On quantum mechanics with extended supersymmetry and nonabelian gauge constraints", Ann. Phys. 164 (1985) 189; M. Baake, P. Reinicke, and V. Rittenberg, "Fierz identities for real Clifford algebras and the number of supercharges", J. Math. Phys. 26 (1985) 1070.
154. 81. M. Claudson and M.B. Halpern, "Supersymmetric ground state wave functions", Nucl. Phys. B250 (1985) 689; R. Flume, "On quantum mechanics with extended supersymmetry and nonabelian gauge constraints", Ann. Phys. 164 (1985) 189; M. Baake, P. Reinicke, and V. Rittenberg, "Fierz identities for real Clifford algebras and the number of supercharges", J. Math. Phys. 26 (1985) 1070.
155. 82. E. Bergshoeff, E. Sezgin and P.K. Townsend, "Supermembranes and eleven-dimensional supergravity", Phys. Lett. B189 (1987) 75; "Properties of the eleven-dimensional supermembrane theory", Ann. Phys. 185 (1988) 330.
156. 82. E. Bergshoeff, E. Sezgin and P.K. Townsend, "Supermembranes and eleven-dimensional supergravity", Phys. Lett. B189 (1987) 75; "Properties of the eleven-dimensional supermembrane theory", Ann. Phys. 185 (1988) 330.
157. 83. B. de Wit, J. Hoppe and H. Nicolai, "On the quantum mechanics of supermembranes", Nucl. Phys. B305 (1988) 545.
158. 84. For a review, see, for example, R. Dijkgraaf, E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde, "Notes on Matrix and Micro Strings", hep-th/9709107; N. Seiberg, "Why is the Matrix Model correct?", hep-th/9710009; A. Bilal, "M(atrix) Theory: a Pedagogical Introduction", hep-th/9710136; T. Banks, "Matrix Theory", hep-th/9710231.
159. 84. For a review, see, for example, R. Dijkgraaf, E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde, "Notes on Matrix and Micro Strings", hep-th/9709107; N. Seiberg, "Why is the Matrix Model correct?", hep-th/9710009; A. Bilal, "M(atrix) Theory: a Pedagogical Introduction", hep-th/9710136; T. Banks, "Matrix Theory", hep-th/9710231.
160. 84. For a review, see, for example, R. Dijkgraaf, E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde, "Notes on Matrix and Micro Strings", hep-th/9709107; N. Seiberg, "Why is the Matrix Model correct?", hep-th/9710009; A. Bilal, "M(atrix) Theory: a Pedagogical Introduction", hep-th/9710136; T. Banks, "Matrix Theory", hep-th/9710231.
161. 84. For a review, see, for example, R. Dijkgraaf, E. Verlinde and H. Verlinde, "Notes on Matrix and Micro Strings", hep-th/9709107; N. Seiberg, "Why is the Matrix Model correct?", hep-th/9710009; A. Bilal, "M(atrix) Theory: a Pedagogical Introduction", hep-th/9710136; T. Banks, "Matrix Theory", hep-th/9710231.
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165. 88. K. Dasgupta and S. Mukhi, "Orbifolds of M theory", Nucl. Phys. B465 (1996) 399, hep-th/9512196; E. Witten, "Five-branes and M-theory on an orbifold", Nucl. Phys. B463 (1996) 383, hep-th/9512219.
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172. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
173. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
174. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
175. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
176. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
177. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
178. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
179. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M -and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
180. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
181. 8 Symmetry", Mod. Phys. Lett. A11 (1996) 2199, hep-th/9607091; P. Mayr, "Mirror Symmetry, N=1 Superpotentials and Tensionless Strings on Calabi-Yau Four-Folds", Nucl. Phys. B494 (1997) 489, hep-th/9610162; I. Brunner, M, Lynker and R. Schimmrigk, "Unification of M-and F-Theory Calabi-Yau Fourfold Vacua", Nucl. Phys. B498 (1997) 156, hep-th/9610195; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev, V. Sadov and C. Vafa, "F-theory, Geometric Engineering and N=1 Dualities", hep-th/9612052; A. Klemm, B. Lian, S.-S. Roan and S.-T. Yau, "Calabi-Yau fourfolds for M-and F-Theory compactifications", hep-th/9701023; M. Bershadsky, A. Johansen, T. Pantev and V. Sadov, "On Four-Dimensional Compactifications of F-Theory", hep-th/9701165; W. Lerche, "Fayet-Iliopoulos Potentials from Four-Folds", hep-th/9709146.
182. 95. Z. Kakushadze, "Aspects of N=1 Type I-Heterotic Duality in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9704059; Z. Kakushadze and G. Shiu, "A Chiral N=1 Type I Vacuum in Four Dimensions and Its Heterotic Dual", Phys. Rev. D56 (1997) 3686, hep-th/9705163; Z. Kakushadze and G. Shiu, "4D Chiral N=1 Type I Vacua with and without D5-branes", hep-th/9706051.
183. 95. Z. Kakushadze, "Aspects of N=1 Type I-Heterotic Duality in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9704059; Z. Kakushadze and G. Shiu, "A Chiral N=1 Type I Vacuum in Four Dimensions and Its Heterotic Dual", Phys. Rev. D56 (1997) 3686, hep-th/9705163; Z. Kakushadze and G. Shiu, "4D Chiral N=1 Type I Vacua with and without D5-branes", hep-th/9706051.
184. 95. Z. Kakushadze, "Aspects of N=1 Type I-Heterotic Duality in Four Dimensions", hep-th/9704059; Z. Kakushadze and G. Shiu, "A Chiral N=1 Type I Vacuum in Four Dimensions and Its Heterotic Dual", Phys. Rev. D56 (1997) 3686, hep-th/9705163; Z. Kakushadze and G. Shiu, "4D Chiral N=1 Type I Vacua with and without D5-branes", hep-th/9706051.