Multiple concurrent reverse transcriptase and protease mutations and multidrug resistance of HIV-1 isolates from heavily treated patients

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 128, Issue 11, 1998, Pages 906-911

  Shafer, Robert W ^a,b   Winters, Mark A ^a,b   Palmer, Sarah ^a,b   Merigan, Thomas C ^a,b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; DIDANOSINE; INDINAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; NELFINAVIR; PROTEINASE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; SAQUINAVIR; STAVUDINE; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS MUTATION;

EID: 0032103187     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00008     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Carpenter CC, Fischl MA, Hammer SM. Hirsch MS, Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1997. Updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA. 1997; 277:1962-9.
2. Perelson AS, Essunger P, Cao Y, Vesanen M, Hurley A, Saksela K, et al. Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy. Nature. 1997,387:188-91.
3. Gulick RM, Mellors JW, Havlir D, Eron JJ, Gonzalez C, McMahon D. et al. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:734-9.
4. Larder BA, Kemp SD, Harrigan PR. Potential mechanism for sustained antiretroviral efficacy of AZT-3TC combination therapy. Science. 1995;269: 696-9.
5. Condra JH, Holder DJ, Schleif WA, Blahy OM, Danovich RM. Gabryelski LJ, et al. Genetic correlates of in vivo viral resistance to indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. J Virol. 1996;70: 8270-6.
6. Molla A, Korneyeva M, Gao Q, Vasavanonda S. Schipper PJ, Mo HM, et al. Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir. Nat Med. 1996;2:760-6.
7. Collier AC, Coombs RW, Schoenfeld DA, Bassett RL, Timpone J, Baruch A, et al. Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection with saquinavir, zidovudine, and zalcitabine. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1011-7.
8. D'Aquila RT, Hughes MD, Johnson VA, Fischl MA, Sommadossi JP, Liou SH, et al. Nevirapine, zidovudine, and didanosine compared with zidovudine and didanosine in patients with HIV-1 infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 241 Investigators. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:1019-30.
9. Shafer RW, Levee DJ, Winters MA, Richmond KL, Huang D. Merigan TC. Comparison of QIAamp HCV kit spin columns, silica beads, and phenolchloroform for recovering human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA from plasma. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:520-2.
10. Myers G, Korber B, Wain-Hobson S, Smith R, Pavlakis GN. Human Retroviruses and AIDS: A Compilation and Analysis of Nucleic Acid and Amino Acid Sequences. Los Alamos, NM: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group T-10, Los Alamos National Laboratory; 1995 .
11. Benson DA, Boguski MS, Lipman DJ, Ostell J. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997;25:1-6 .
12. Shafer RW, Kozal MJ, Katzenstein DA, Lipil WH, Johnstone IF, Merigan TC. Zidovudine susceptibility testing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) clinical isolates. J Virol Methods. 1993;41:297-310.
13. Learn GH Jr, Korber BT, Foley B. Hahn BH, Wolinsky SM, Mullins JI. Maintaining the integrity of human immunodeficiency virus sequence databases. J Virol. 1996;70:5720-30.
14. Schinazi RF, Larder BA, Mellors JW. Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance. International Antiviral News. 1997;5:2-14.
15. Palmer S, Shafer R, Merigan T. Highly drug-resistant HIV-1 isolates are cross-resistant to many of the current anti-HIV compounds in clinical development [Abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, 1-5 February 1998. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health; 1998.
16. Wong JK, Hezareh M, Gunthard HF, Havlir DV, lgnacio CC, Spina CA, et al. Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression on plasma viremia. Science. 1997;228:1291-5.
17. Larder B. Patterns of drug resistance in HIV-1 isolates from patients treated with AZT and 3TC. FASP Resistance Study Group (Abstract). In: Programme and Abstracts, 5th International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance, Whistler, Canada, 3-6 July, 1996 London: MediTech Media; 1996:61.
18. Winters MA, Schapiro JM, Lawrence J, Merigan TC. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of the protease gene in HIV-1-infected patients that failed long-term saquinavir therapy and switched to other protease inhibitors [Abstract]. In: Antiviral Therapy Supplement: International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance, Treatment Strategies and Eradication, 25-28 June 1997. London: International Medical Press; 1996:11-2.
19. Schapiro JM, Winters M, Lawrence J, Norris J, Merigan TC. Clinical and genotypic cross-resistance between the protease inhibitors saquinavir and indinavir [Abstract]. In: Antiviral Therapy Supplement: International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance, Treatment Strategies and Eradication, 25-28 June 1997. London: International Medical Press; 57-8.
20. Hertogs K, Mellors JW, Schel P, Van Cauwenberghe A, Larder B, Kemp S, et al. Patterns of cross-resistance among protease inhibitors in 483 clinical HIV-1 isolates [Abstract], In: Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, 1-5 February 1998.