The role of self-assembled monolayers of the purine and pyrimidine bases in the emergence of life

Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 283-310

  Sowerby, Stephen J ^a   Heckl, Wolfgang M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; CARBOHYDRATE; MINERAL; POLYNUCLEOTIDE; PURINE DERIVATIVE; PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE;

ORIGIN OF LIFE; PURINE; PYRIMIDINE;

ADSORPTION; ARTICLE; BIOGENESIS; CHEMICAL MODEL; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; GENETIC CODE; GENETICS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; STEREOISOMERISM; SURFACE PROPERTY; SYNTHESIS; THERMODYNAMICS;

ADSORPTION; AMINO ACIDS; BIOGENESIS; CARBOHYDRATES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; GENETIC CODE; MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING; MINERALS; MODELS, CHEMICAL; MODELS, MOLECULAR; POLYNUCLEOTIDES; PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; STEREOISOMERISM; SURFACE PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMICS;

ARCHAEA;

EID: 0032102367     PISSN: 01696149     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006570726326     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Allen, M. J., Balooch, M., Subbiah, S., Tench, R. J., Balhorn, R. and Siekhaus, W.: 1992, Ultramicroscopy 42-44, 1049.
2. Allen, M. J., Balooch, M., Subbiah, S., Tench, R. J., Siekhaus, W. and Balhorn, R.: 1991, Scanning Microscopy 5, 625.
3. Beaudry, A. A. and Joyce, G. F.: 1992, Science 257, 635.
4. Bernal, J. D.: 1951, The Physical Basis of Life. Routlege and Keegan Paul, London.
5. Binnig, G., Quate and Gerber: 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930.
6. Binnig, G., Rohrer, H., Gerber, C. and Weibel, E.: 1982, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 57.
7. Blöchl, E., Keller, M., Wächtershäuser, G. and Stetter, K. O.: 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 8117.
8. Boland, T. and Ratner, B. D.: 1994, Langmuir 10, 3845.
9. Bonner, W. A.: 1991, Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 21, 59.
10. Bonner, W. A.: 1995, Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 25, 175.
11. Brabec, V., Christian, S. D. and Dryhurst, G.: 1978, Biophys. Chem. 7, 253.
12. Brack, A.: 1993, Pure and Applied Chemistry 65, 1143.
13. Broomhead, J. M.: 1948, Acta Cryst. 1, 324.
14. Broomhead, J. M.: 1951, Acta Cryst. 4, 92.
15. Cairns-Smith, A. G.: 1982, Genetic Takeover and the Mineral Origins of Life. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
16. Cech, T.: 1986, Sci. Amer. 235, 64.
17. Cech, T. R.: 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4360.
18. Cochrane, W.: 1951, Acta Cryst. 4, 81.
19. Crick, F. H. C.: 1968, J. Mol. Biol. 38, 367.
20. de Levie, R.: 1988, Chem. Rev. 88, 599.
21. de Levie, R. and Wandlowski, T.: 1994, J. Eledroanal. Chem. 366, 265.
22. Di Guilio, M., Capobianco, M. R. and Medugno, M.: 1994, J. Theor. Biol. 168, 43.
23. Dretschkow, T., Dakkouri, A. S. and Wandlowski, T.: 1997, Langmuir 13, 2843.
24. Edelwirth, M., Freund, J., Sowerby, S. J. and Heckl, W. M.: 1997, Surf. Sci. (submitted).
25. Egholm, M., Buchardt, O., Nielsen, P. E. and Berg, R. H.: 1992, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 1895.
26. Ferris, J. P. and Ertem, G.: 1992, Science 257, 1387.
27. Ferris, J. P. and Hagen, J. W. J.: 1984, Tetrahedron 40, 1093.
28. Fisher, A. J. and Blöchl, P. E.: 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3263.
29. Freund, J., Edelwirth, M., Kröbel, P. and Heckl, W. M.: 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 5394.
30. Gilbert, W.: 1986, Nature 319, 618.
31. Heckl, W. M.: 1993, Habilitation Thesis, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.
32. Heckl, W. M., Ohnesorge, F., Binnig, G., Specht, M. and Hashmi, M.: 1991, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 9, 1072.
33. Heckl, W. M., Smith, D. P. E., Binnig, G., Klagges, H., Hänsch, T. W. and Maddocks, J.: 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8003.
34. Hölze, M. H., Krznaric, D. M. and Kolb, D. M.: 1995, J. Electroanal. Chem. 386, 235.
35. Hölze, M. H., Wandlowski, T. and Kolb, D. M.: 1995, J. Electroanal. Chem. 394, 271.
36. Hölzle, M. H., Wandlowski, T. and Kolb, D. M.: 1995, Surf. Sci. 335, 281.
37. Jeffrey, G. A. and Kinoshita, Y.: 1963, Acta Cryst. 16, 20.
38. Jeffrey, G. A. and Saenger, W.: 1994, Hydrogen Bonding in Biological Structures, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
39. Joyce, G. F.: 1989, Nature 338, 217.
40. Keller, M., Blöchl, E., Wächtershäuser, G. and Stetter, K. O.: 1994, Nature 368, 836.
41. Kontoyannis, G., Sridharan, R. and de Levie, R.: 1987, J. Electroanal. Chem. 236, 309.
42. Kvenvolden, K. A., Lawless, J. G., Pering, K., Peterson, E., Flores, J., Ponnamperuma, C., Kaplan, I. R. and Moore, C.: 1970, Nature 228, 923.
43. Lacey, J. C. and Mullins, D. W.: 1983, Origins Life 13, 3.
44. Lacey, J. C., Wickramasinghe, N. S. M. D. and Cook, G. W.: 1992, Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 22, 243.
45. Lorenz, W. Z.: 1958, Elektrochem. 62, 192.
46. Ludwig, C., Gompf, B., Petersen, J., Strohmeier, R. and Eisenmenger, W.: 1994, Zeitschrift Für Physik B91, 365.
47. Mann, A. P. C. and Williams, D. A.: 1980, Nature 283, 721.
48. Mayo, S. L., Olafson, B. D. and Goddard, W. A.: 1990, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 8897.
49. Mellersh, A. R.: 1993, Origins of Life Evol. Biosphere 23, 261.
50. Miller, S. L.: 1953, Science 117, 528.
51. Orgel, L. E.: 1987, Cold Spring Harbour Symp. Quant. Biol. LII, 9.
52. Orgel, L. E. and Lohrmann, R.: 1974, Acc. Chem. Res. 7, 368.
53. Ou-Yang, H., Marcus, R. A. and Källerbring, B.: 1994, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 7814.
54. Parry, G. S.: 1953, Acta Cryst. 1, 313.
55. Poler, J. C., Zimmerman, R. M. and Cox, E. C.: 1995, Langmuir 11, 2689.
56. Popov, A., Naneva, R., Dimitrov, N., Vitanov, T., Bostanov, V. and de Levie, R.: 1992, Electrochim. Acta 37, 2369.
57. Rappé, A. K. and Goddard, W. A.: 1991, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 3358.
58. Robertson, M. P. and Miller, S. L.: 1995, Science 268, 702.
59. Roelfs, B., Bunge, E., Schroter, C., Solomun, T., Meyer, H., Nichols, R. J. and Baumgartel, H.: 1997, J. Phys. Chem. 101, 754.
60. Russell, M. J., Daniel, R. M. and Hall, A. J.: 1993, Terra Nova 5, 343.
61. Russell, M. J., Hall, A. J. and Turner, D.: 1989, Terra Nova 1, 238.
62. Saenger, W.: 1984, Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure. Springer-Verlag, New York.
63. Saffarian, M. H., Sridharan, R. and de Levie, R.: 1987, J. Electroanal. Chem. 218, 273.
64. Scharfe, M., Hamelin, A. and Buess-Herman, C.: 1995, Electrochim. Acta 40, 61.
65. Schwartz, A. W. and de Graaf, R. M.: 1993, J. Mol. Evol. 36, 101.
66. Seidel, C., Awater, C., Liu, X. D., Ellerbrake, R. and Fuchs, H.: 1997, Surf. Sci. 371, 123.
67. Shapiro, R.: 1995, Origins of Life Evol. Biosphere 25, 83.
68. Smith, D. P. E., Heckl, W. M. and Klagges, H. A.: 1992, Surf. Sci. 278, 166.
69. Sowerby, S. J.: 1995, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Otago, New Zealand.
70. Sowerby, S. J., Heckl, W. M. and Petersen, G. B.: 1996, J.Mol. Evol. 43, 419.
71. Sowerby, S. J. and Petersen, G. B.: 1997, J. Electroanal. Chem. 433, 85.
72. Sowerby, S. J., Edelwirth, M. and Heckl, W. M.: 1997, Appl. Phys. A (accepted for publication September 1997).
73. Sowerby, S. J., Edelwirth, M., Reiter, M. and Heckl, W. M.: 1997, Langmuir (submitted).
74. Sowerby, S. J. and Petersen, G. B.: 1997, J. Electroanal. Chem. 433, 85.
75. Srinivasan, R. and Gopalan, P.: 1993, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 8770.
76. Srinivasan, R. and Murphy, J. C.: 1992, Ultramicroscopy 42-44, 453.
77. Srinivasan, R., Murphy, J. C., Fainchtein, R. and Pattibiraman, N.: 1991, J. Electroanal. Chem. 312, 293.
78. Stryer, L.: 1988, Biochemistry, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
79. Tao, N. J., DeRose, J. A. and Lindsay, S. M.: 1993, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 910.
80. Tao, N. J. and Shi, Z.: 1994, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 7422.
81. Tao, N. J. and Shi, Z.: 1994, J. Phys. Chem. 98, 1464.
82. Tao, N. J. and Shi, Z.: 1994, Surf. Sci. Lett. 301, L217.
83. Tao, N. J. and Shi, Z.: 1994, Surf. Sci. Lett. 321, L149.
84. Thewalt, U, Bugg, C. E. and Marsh, R. E.: 1971, Acta Cryst. B27, 2358.
85. Vetterl, V.: 1965, Experientia 21, 9.
86. Vetterl, V.: 1966, Collection Czechoslov. Chem. Commun. 31, 2105.
87. Vetterl, V. and de Levie, R.: 1991, J. Electroanal. Chem. 310, 305.
88. Wächtershäuser, G.: 1988, Microbiol. Rev. 52, 452.
89. Wandlowski, T.: 1995, J. Electroanal. Chem. 395, 83.
90. Wandlowski, T., Heyrovsky, M. and Novotny, L.: 1992, Electrochim. Acta 37, 2663.
91. Wandlowski, T. and Hölzle, M. H.: 1996, Langmuir 12, 6597.
92. Wandlowski, T. and Hölzle, M. H.: 1996, Langmuir 12, 6604.
93. Wandlowski, T., Lampner, D. and Lindsay, S. M.: 1996, J. Electroanal. Chem. 404, 215.
94. Wang, X. W., Tao, N. J. and Cunha, F.: 1996, J. Phys. Chem. 105, 3747.
95. Winter, D. and Zubay, G.: 1995, Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 25, 61.