Palaeoenvironmental implications of plant, insect and other organic-walled microfossils in the Weald Clay Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of southeast England

Cretaceous Research

Volumn 19, Issue 3-4, 1998, Pages 279-315

  Batten, David J ^a  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRETACEOUS; PALAEOENVIRONMENT; WEALDEN;

ENGLAND; UK;

ARTHROPODA; CONIFEROPHYTA; DINOPHYCEAE; GYMNOSPERMAE; HEXAPODA; INSECTA; INVERTEBRATA;

EID: 0032100373     PISSN: 01956671     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/cres.1998.0116     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Allen, P. 1948. Petrology of a Wealden sandstone at Clock House, Capel, Surrey. Geological Magazine 85, 235-241.
2. Allen, P. 1959. The Wealden environment: Anglo-Paris Basin. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 242, 283-346.
3. Allen, P. 1972. Wealden detrital tourmaline: implications for northwestern Europe. Journal of the Geological Society, London 128, 273-288.
4. Allen, P. 1976. Wealden of the Weald: a new model. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 86 (for 1975), 389-437.
5. Allen, P. 1977. Wealden of the Weald - a new model. Reply to written discussions of a paper previously published. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 87 (for 1976), 433-442.
6. Allen, P. 1981. Pursuit of Wealden models. Journal of the Geological Society, London 138, 375-405.
7. Allen, P. 1990. Wealden research - ways ahead. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 100 (for 1989), 529-564.
8. Allen, P. & Keith, M.L. 1965. Carbon isotope ratios and palaeosalinities of Purbeck-Wealden carbonates. Nature 208, 1278-1280.
9. Allen, P. & Wimbledon, W.A. 1991. Correlation of NW European Purbeck-Wealden (nonmarine Lower Cretaceous) as seen from the English type-areas. Cretaceous Research 12, 511-526.
10. Alvin, K.L. 1971. Weichselia reticulata (Stokes et Webb) Fontaine from the Wealden of Belgium. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Mémoires 166, 33 pp., 9 pls.
11. Alvin, K.L. 1974. Leaf anatomy of Weichselia based on fusainized material. Palaeontology 17, 587-598.
12. Alvin, K.L. 1982. Cheirolepidiaceae: biology, structure and paleoecology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 37, 71-98.
13. Alvin, K.L., Fraser, C.J. & Spicer, R.A. 1981. Anatomy and palaeoecology of Pseudofrenelopsis and associated conifers in the English Wealden. Palaeontology 24, 759-778.
14. Anderson, F.W. 1967. Ostracods from the Weald Clay of England. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 27, 237-269.
15. Anderson, F.W. 1985. Ostracod faunas in the Purbeck and Wealden of England. Journal of Micropalaeontology 4(2), 1-67.
16. Anderson, F.W. & Bazley, R.A.B. 1971. The Purbeck Beds of the Weald (England). Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 34, ix + 173 pp.
17. Anderson, F.W., Bazley, R.A.B. & Shephard-Thorn, E.R. 1967. The sedimentary and faunal sequence of the Wadhurst Clay (Wealden) in boreholes at Wadhurst Park, Sussex. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 27, 171-235.
18. Batten, D.J. 1969. Some British Wealden megaspores and their facies distribution. Palaeontology 12, 333-350, pls 62-67.
19. Batten, D.J. 1973. Use of palynologic assemblage-types in Wealden correlation. Palaeontology 16, 1-40.
20. Batten, D.J. 1975. Wealden palaeoecology from the distribution of plant fossils. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 85 (for 1974), 433-458, pl. 13.
21. Batten, D.J. 1996a. Palynofacies and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. Chapter 26A in Palynology: principles and applications, Volume 3 (eds Jansonius, J. & McGregor, D.C.), pp. 1011-1064 (American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas).
22. Batten, D.J. 1996b. Palynofacies and petroleum potential. Chapter 26B in: Palynology: principles and applications, Volume 3 (eds Jansonius, J. & McGregor, D.C), pp. 1065-1084 (American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas).
23. Batten, D.J. & Lister, J.K. 1988. Evidence of freshwater dinoflagellates and other algae in the English Wealden (Lower Cretaceous). Cretaceous Research 9, 171-179.
24. Batten, D.J. & Morrison, L. 1983. Methods of palynological preparation for palaeoenvironmental, source potential and organic maturation studies. In Palynology - micropalaeontology: laboratories, equipment and methods (ed. Costa, L.I.), Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Bulletin 2, 35-53.
25. Batten, D.J. & Zavattieri, A.M. 1995. Occurrence of dispersed seed cuticles and similar microfossils in mainly Cretaceous successions of the Northern Hemisphere. Cretaceous Research 16, 73-94.
26. Batten, D.J., Dutta, R.J. & Knobloch, E. 1996. Differentiation, affinities and palaeoenvironmental significance of the megaspores Arcellites and Bohemisporites in Wealden and other Cretaceous successions. Cretaceous Research 17, 39-65.
27. Benham, D.M. & Windham, M.D. 1992. Generic affinities of the star-scaled cloak ferns. American Fern Journal 82, 47-58.
28. Cleevely, R.J. & Morris, N.J. 1988. Taxonomy and ecology of Cretaceous Cassiopidae (Mesogastropoda). Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History (Geology) 44, 233-291.
29. Cook, E. & Ross, A.J. 1996. The stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeontology of the Lower Weald Clay (Hauterivian) at Keymer Tileworks, West Sussex, southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 107, 231-239.
30. Coope, G.R. 1970. Interpretations of Quaternary insect fossils. Annual Review of Entomology 15, 97-120.
31. Daber, R. A. 1968. A Weichselia-Stiehleria-Matoniaceae community within the Quedlinburg Estuary of Lower Cretaceous age. Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 61, 75-85, 2 pls.
32. Doyle, J.A. & Hickey, L.J. 1976. Pollen and leaves from the mid-Cretaceous Potomac Group and their bearing on early angiosperm evolution. In Origin and early evolution of angiosperms (ed. Beck, C.B.), pp. 139-206 (Columbia University Press, New York).
33. Feist, M., Lake, R.D. & Wood, C.J. 1995. Charophyte biostratigraphy of the Purbeck and Wealden of southern England. Palaeontology 38, 407-442.
34. Francis, J.E. 1983. The dominant conifer of the Jurassic Purbeck Formation, England. Palaeontology 26, 277-294.
35. Friis, E.M., Pedersen, K.R. & Crane, P.R. 1995. Appomattoxia ancistrophora gen. et sp. nov., a new Early Cretaceous plant with similarities to Circaeaster and extant Magnoliidae. American Journal of Botany 82, 933-943.
36. Gallois, R.W. & Worssam, B.C. 1993. Geology of the country around Horsham. [Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 302 (England and Wales)]. British Geological Survey Memoir, viii + 130 pp. (HMSO, London).
37. Goldring, R. & Pollard, J.E. 1995. A re-evaluation of Ophiomorpha burrows in the Wealden Group (Lower Cretaceous) of southern England. Cretaceous Research 16, 665-680.
38. Hall, J.W. 1963. Megaspores and other fossils in the Dakota Formation (Cenomanian) of Iowa, (U.S.A.). Pollen et Spores 5, 425-443.
39. Harland, W.B., Armstrong, R.L., Cox, A.V., Craig, L.E., Smith, A.G. & Smith, D.G. 1990. A geological time scale 1989, xvi + 263 pp. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
40. Harris, T.M. 1961. The Yorkshire Jurassic flora I. Thallophyta-Pteridophyta, ix + 212 pp. [British Museum (Natural History), London].
41. Harris, T.M. 1976. A slender upright plant from Wealden sandstones. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 87, 413-422.
42. Harris, T.M. 1981. Burnt ferns from the English Wealden. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 92, 47-58.
43. Hill, C.R. 1996. A plant with flower-like organs from the Wealden of the Weald (Lower Cretaceous), southern England. Cretaceous Research 17, 27-38.
44. Horne, D.J. 1988. Cretaceous Ostracoda of the Weald. British Micropalaeontological Society, Field Guide 4, 42 pp.
45. Horne, D.J. 1995. A revised ostracod biostratigraphy for the Purbeck-Wealden of England. Cretaceous Research 16, 639-663.
46. Huckreide, R. 1982. Die unterkretazische Karsthöhlen-Füllung von Nehden im Sauerland. I. Geologische, paläozoologische und paläobotanische Befunde und Datierung. Geologica et Palaeontologica 16, 183-242.
47. Hughes, N.F. 1955. Wealden plant microfossils. Geological Magazine 92, 201-217, 3 pls.
48. Hughes, N.F. & Harding, I.C. 1985. Wealden occurrence of an isolated Barremian dinocyst facies. Palaeontology 28, 555-565.
49. Hughes, N.F. & McDougall, A.B. 1990. Barremian-Aptian angiospermid pollen records from southern England. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 65, 145-151.
50. Hughes, N.F. & Moody-Stuart, J.C. 1967. Palynological facies and correlation in the English Wealden. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 1, 259-268.
51. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1976. Insect fossils from the Wealden of the Weald. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 87, 443-446.
52. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1981. An Early Cretaceous termite from southern England (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae). Systematic Entomology 6, 91-96.
53. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1984. Early Cretaceous insects from southern England. Modern Geology 9, 71-93.
54. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1989. A fossil aphid (Insecta: Hemiptera) from the Early Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research 10, 239-248.
55. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1990. Early Cretaceous zygopteroids of southern England, with the description of Cretacoenagrion alleni gen. nov., spec. nov. (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae; "Anisozygoptera": Tarsophlebiidae, Euthemistidae). Odonatologica 19, 27-37.
56. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1991a. The Weald Clay of the Weald: report of 1988/89 field meetings. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102, 83-92.
57. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1991b. New insects from the Weald Clay of the Weald. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102, 93-108.
58. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1995a. Fossil caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research 16, 695-703.
59. Jarzembowski, E.A. 1995b. Early Cretaceous insect faunas and palaeoenvironment. Cretaceous Research 16, 681-693.
60. Jarzembowski, E.A. & Nel, A. 1996. New fossil dragonflies from the Lower Cretaceous of SE England and the phylogeny of the superfamily Libelluloidea (Insecta: Odonata). Cretaceous Research 17, 67-85.
61. Jell, P.A. & Duncan, P.M. 1986. Invertebrates, mainly insects, from the freshwater, Lower Cretaceous, Koonwarra Fossil Bed (Korumburra Group), South Gippsland, Victoria. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 3, 111-205.
62. Kampmann, H. 1983. Mikrofossilien, Hölzer, Zapfen und Pflanzenreste aus der unterkretazischen Sauriergrube bei Brilon-Nehden. Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen 1, 146 pp.
63. Kennedy, W.J. & MacDougall, J.D.S. 1969. Crustacean burrows in the Weald Clay (Lower Cretaceous) of south-eastern England and their environmental significance. Palaeontology 12, 459-471, pls 87, 88.
64. Kilenyi, T.I. & Allen, N.W. 1968. Marine-brackish bands and their microfauna from the lower part of the Weald Clay of Sussex and Surrey. Palaeontology 11, 141-162, pls 29, 30.
65. Kilenyi, T. & Neale, J.W. 1978. The Purbeck/Wealden. In A stratigraphical index of British Ostracoda (eds Bate, R.A. & Robinson, E.), Geological Journal, Special Issue 8, 299-324.
66. Kirkaldy, J.F. & Bull, A.J. 1948. Note on the section of Weald Clay exposed at the Clock House Brickworks, Capel, Surrey. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 59, 80-83.
67. Krassilov, V.A. 1972. Mesozoic flora of the Bureya River (Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales), 151 pp. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Dal'nevostochnyy Nauchnyy Tsentr, Dal'nevostochnyy Geologicheskiy Institut: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", Moskva). [In Russian]
68. Lake, R.D. & Young, B. 1978. Boreholes in the Wealden Beds of the Hailsham area, Sussex. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences 78/23, ii + 22 pp.
69. Lake, R.D., Young, B., Wood, C.J. & Mortimore, R.N. 1987. Geology of the country around Lewis. [Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 319 (England and Wales)]. British Geological Survey Memoir, viii +117 pp. (HMSO, London).
70. MacDougall, J.D.S. & Prentice, J.E. 1964. Sedimentary environments of the Weald Clay of south-eastern England. In Deltaic and shallow marine deposits (ed. van Straaten, L.M.J.U.), Developments in Sedimentology 1, 257-263.
71. Manum, S.B., Bose, M.N. & Sawyer, R.T. 1991. Clitellate cocoons in freshwater deposits since the Triassic. Zoologica Scripta 20, 347-366.
72. Merritt, R., Moore, N.W. & Eversham, B.C. 1996. Atlas of the dragonflies of Britain and Ireland. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Research Publication 9, xi + 149 pp.
73. Nel, A. & Jarzembowski, E.A. 1996. Description and revision of some dragonflies ('Anisozygoptera') from the Lower Cretaceous of England (Odonata: Stenophlebiidae, Campterophlebiidae?, Epiophlebiidae, Euthemistidae). Cretaceous Research 17, 87-96.
74. Oldham, T.C.B. 1976. Flora of the Wealden plant debris beds of England. Palaeontology 19, 437-502.
75. Pelzer, G. 1987. Transition from fluvial to littoral environments in the Wealden facies (lower-most Cretaceous) of northwest Germany. In Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems; short papers (eds Currie, P.J. & Koster, E.H.), Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 3, 179-184.
76. Ponomarenko, A.G. (ed.) 1993. Mesozoic insects and ostracoda from Asia. Rossiyskaya Akademiya Nauk, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 252, 159 pp., 16 pls. [In Russian, brief English summary]
77. Prentice, J.E. 1962. Some sedimentary structures from a Weald Clay sandstone at Warnham Brickworks, Horsham, Sussex. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 73, 171-185, pls 6, 7.
78. Rasnitsyn, A.P. (ed.-in-chief) 1986. Insects in the Early Cretaceous ecosystems of West Mongolia. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, Transactions ("Nauka", Moskva) 28, 214 pp., 24 pls. [In Russian, brief English summary]
79. Rawson, P.F. 1992. The Cretaceous. In The geology of England and Wales (eds Duff, P.McL.D. & Smith, A.J.), pp. 355-388 (The Geological Society, London).
80. Reymanówna, M. 1965. On Weichselia reticulata and Frenelopsis hoheneggeri from the Western Car-pathians. Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Botaniki, Acta Palaeobotanica 6(2), 15-26, 1 pl.
81. Riegel, W., Wilde, V. & Pelzer, G. 1986. Erste Ergebnisse einer paläobotanischen Grabung in der fluviatilen Wealden-Fazies des Osterwaldes bei Hannover. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 86, 137-170.
82. Ross, A.J. & Cook, E. 1995. The stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Upper Weald Clay (Barremian) at Smokejacks Brickworks, Ockley, Surrey, England. Cretaceous Research 16, 705-716.
83. Ruffell, A.H. & Batten, D.J. 1990. The Barremian-Aptian arid phase in western Europe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 80, 197-212.
84. Seward, A.C. 1894. The Wealden flora. Part I. Thallophyta-Pteridophyta. Catalogue of the Mesozoic plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History), xl + 179 pp., 11 pls [BM(NH), London].
85. Seward, A.C. 1895. The Wealden flora. Part II. Gymnospermae. Catalogue of the Mesozoic plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History), xi + 259 pp., 20 pls [BM(NH), London].
86. Skog, J.E. & Hill, C.R. 1992. The Mesozoic herbaceous lycopsids. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79, 648-675.
87. Sladen, C.P. & Batten, D.J. 1984. Source-area environments of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sediments in southeast England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 95, 149-163.
88. Stewart, D.J. 1978. Ophiomorpha: a marine indicator? Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 89, 33-41.
89. Taylor, D.W. & Hickey, L.J. 1990. An Aptian plant with attached leaves and flowers: implications for angiosperm origin. Science 247, 702-704.
90. Taylor, D.W. & Hickey, L.J. 1992. Phylogenetic evidence for the herbaceous origin of angiosperms. Plant Systematics and Evolution 180, 137-156.
91. Taylor, K.G. 1991. Phosphatic concretions in the Wealden of south-east England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102, 67-70.
92. Thurrell, R.G., Sergeant, G.A. & Young, B.R. 1970. Chamosite in Weald Clay from Horsham, Sussex. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences 70/7, iv + 7 pp.
93. Thurrell, R.G., Worssam, B.C. & Edmonds, E.A. 1968. Geology of the country around Haslemere [Explanation of one-inch geological sheet 301, new series (England and Wales)]. British Geological Survey Memoir, x + 169 pp., 7 pls (HMSO, London).
94. Topley, W. 1875. The geology of the Weald. Memoirs of the Geological Survey, England and Wales, xiv + 503 pp., 7 pls (HMSO, London).
95. Twitchett, R.J. 1995. A new Lower Cretaceous insect fauna from the Vectis Formation (Wealden Group) of the Isle of Wight. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 106, 47-51.
96. Vangerow, E.F. 1954. Megasporen und andere pflanzliche Mikrofossilien aus der Aachener Kreide. Palaeontographica B 96, 24-38, pl. 14.
97. Watson, J. 1969. A revision of the English Wealden flora, I, Charales-Ginkgoales. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 17, 207-254, 6 pls.
98. Watson, J. 1977. Some Lower Cretaceous conifers of the Cheirolepidiaceae from the U.S.A. and England. Palaeontology 20, 715-749.
99. Watson, J. 1988. The Cheirolepidiaceae. In Origin and evolution of gymnosperms (ed. Beck, C.B.), pp. 382-447 (Columbia University Press, New York).
100. Watson, J. & Alvin, K.L. 1996. An English Wealden floral list, with comments on possible environmental indicators. Cretaceous Research 17, 5-26.
101. Watson, J. & Batten, D.J. 1990. A revision of the English Wealden flora, II. Equisetales. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History (Geology) 46, 37-60.
102. Watson, J. & Harrison, N.A. 1998. Abietites linkii (Römer) and Pseudotorellia heterophylla Watson - coniferous or ginkgoalean? Cretaceous Research 19, 239-278.
103. Watson, J. & Sincock, C.A. 1992. Bennettitales of the English Wealden. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London, 1-228, 23 pls (Publication number 588, part of volume 145 for 1991).
104. Watson, J., Fisher, H.L. & Hall, N.A. 1987. A new species of Brachyphyllum from the English Wealden and its probable female cone. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 51, 169-187.
105. Whalley, P.E.S. 1985. The systematics and palaeogeography of the Lower Jurassic insects of Dorset, England. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History (Geology) 39, 107-189.
106. Worssam, B.C. 1963. Geology of the country around Maidstone [Explanation of one-inch geological sheet 288, new series (England and Wales)]. British Geological Survey Memoir, viii + 152 pp., 5 pls (HMSO, London).
107. Worssam, B.C. 1972. Iron ore workings near Horsham, Sussex, and the sedimentology of Wealden Clay ironstone. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 83, 37-55.
108. Worssam, B.C. 1977. Wealden of the Weald - a new model: written discussion of a paper previously published. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 87 (for 1976), 429-430.
109. Worssam, B.C. 1978. The stratigraphy of the Weald Clay. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences 78/11, ii + 23 pp. [Appendix 2, pp. 19-23: Weald Clay Mollusca, by Morter, A.A.]
110. Worssam, B.C. & Ivimey-Cook, H.C. 1971. The stratigraphy of the Geological Survey Borehole at Warlingham, Surrey. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain 36, 1-146, 5 pls.
111. Young, B. & Lake, R.D. 1988. Geology of the country around Brighton and Worthing. [Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheets 318 and 333 (England and Wales)]. British Geological Survey Memoir, viii + 115 pp. (HMSO, London).