Color imaging for multimedia

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 86, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 1088-1107

  Sharma, Gaurav ^a   Vrhel, Michael J ^b   Trussell, H Joel ^c  

^a XEROX CORPORATION   (United States)

^b Color Savvy Systems Ltd ^*  (United States)

^c North Carolina State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Color; Color imaging; Colorimetry; Display; Multimedia; Printing; Scanning; Survey; Tutorial

Indexed keywords

COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING; COLOR PRINTING; COLORIMETRY; COMPUTER AIDED INSTRUCTION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; SCANNING;

COLOR REPRODUCTION;

INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SYSTEMS;

EID: 0032099106     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/5.687831     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. G. Sharma and H. J. Trussell, "Digital color imaging," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 6, pp. 901-932, July 1997.
2. H. J. Trussell, "Application of set theoretic models to color systems," Color Res. Appl., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 31-41, Feb. 1991.
3. B. K. P. Horn, "Exact reproduction of color images," Comput. Vis., Graphics Image Process., vol. 26, pp. 135-167, 1984.
4. J. B. Cohen, "Color and color mixture: Scalar and vector fundamentals," Color Res. Appl., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 5-39, Feb. 1988.
5. H. J. Trussell and J. R. Sullivan, "A vector-space approach to color imaging systems," in Proc. SPIE Image Processing Algorithms and Techniques, K. S. Pennington, Ed., 1990, vol. 1244, pp. 264-271.
6. P. L. Vora and H. J. Trussell, "Measure of goodness of a set of color scanning filters," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1499-1508, 1993.
7. G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1982.
8. International Commission on Illumination, "Colorimetry," Central Bureau of the CIE, Vienna, Austria, CIE Pub. 15.2, 1986.
9. H. S. Fairman, M. H. Brill, and H. Hemmendinger, "How the CIE 1931 color-matching functions were derived from Wright-Guild data," Color Res. Appl, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 11-23, Feb. 1997.
10. P. K. Kaiser and R. M. Boynton, Human Color Vision, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 1996.
11. National Television Systems Committee, "NTSC signal specifications," Proc. IRE, vol. 42, pp. 17-19, Jan. 1954.
12. Society for Motion and Television Pictures, "Color temperature for color television studio monitors," SMPTE Recommended Practice RP 37-1969, White Plains, NY, July 1969.
13. Society for Motion and Television Pictures, "Color monitor colorimetry," SMPTE recommended practice RP 145-1987, White Plains, NY, June 1987.
14. B. A. Wandell, Foundations of Vision. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1995.
15. C. S. McCamy, "Correlated color temperature as an explicit function of chromaticity coordinates," Color Res. Appl., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 142-144, Apr. 1992.
16. R. W. G. Hunt, "The specification of color appearance. I. Concepts and terms," Color Res. Appl., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 55-68, Summer 1977.
17. -, "Color terminology," Color Res. Appl, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 79-87, Summer 1978.
18. __, Measuring Color, 2nd ed. New York: Ellis Honvood, 1991.
19. E. Q. Adams, "A theory of color vision," Psycho!. Rev., vol. 36, pp. 56-76, 1923.
20. M. Mahy, L. Van Eyckden, and A. Oosterlinck, "Evaluation of uniform color spaces developed after the adoption of CIELAB and CIELUV," Color Res. Appl., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 105-121, Apr. 1994.
21. F. J. J. Clarke, R. McDonald, and B. Rigg, "Modification to the JPC79 color-difference formula," J. Soc. Dyers Colorists, vol. 100, pp. 128-132, 1984.
22. International Commission on Illumination, "Industrial color difference evaluation," Central Bureau of the CIE, Vienna, CIE Pub. 116-1995, 1995.
23. J. A. Von Kries, "Die Gesichtsempfindungen," in Handbuch der Physiologie der Menschen, Tiel 111, W. Nagel, Ed., vol. 3. Brunswick: Vieweg, 1905, pp. 109-282.
24. M. D. Fairchild, Color Appearance Models. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1998.
25. D. H. Kelly, "Spatial and temporal interactions in color vision," J. Imaging Tech., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 82-89, Apr. 1989.
26. E. Granger, "Uniform color space as a function of spatial frequency," in Proc. 1S&T 7th Int. Conf. Advances in Nonimpact Printing Technology, 1991, pp. 309-322.
27. X. Zhang and B. A. Wandell. (1996). Spatial extension of CIELAB for digital color image reproduction, Proceedings of the SID International Conference. [Online]. Available URL: http://white.stanford.edu:80/html/xmei/.
28. W. Frei and B. Baxter, "Rate-distortion coding simulation for color images," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-25, pp. 1385-1392, Nov. 1977.
29. O. D. Faugeras, "Digital color image processing within the framework of a human visual model," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 27, pp. 380-393, Aug. 1979.
30. S. Daly, "The visual differences predictor: An algorithm for the assessment of image fidelity," in Digital Images and Human Vision, A. B. Watson, Ed. Cambridge, MX: MIT Press, 1993, pp. 179-206.
31. J. Lubin, "A visual discrimination model for imaging system design and evaluation," in Vision Models for Target Detection and Recognition, E. Peli, Ed. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 1995, pp. 245-283.
32. G. Sharma, M. J. Vrhel, and H. J. Trussell. (1998). Color figures for this paper. [Online]. Available URL: http://www4.ncsu.edu/gsharma/public_html/color_multimedia/; http://www4.ncsu.edu/eos/users/ri/hjt/ WWW/index-figures.html.
33. R. Rolleston, "Visualization of colorimetric calibration," in Proc. SPIE Color Hard Copy and Graphic Arts II, J. Bares, Ed., 1993, vol. 1912, pp. 299-309.
34. D. Kalra, "GamOpt: A tool for visualization and optimization of gamuts," in Proc. SPIE Color Hard Copy and Graphic Arts HI, J. Bares, Ed., 1994, vol. 2171, pp. 299-309.
35. W. B. Cowan, "An inexpensive scheme for calibration of a color monitor in terms of standard CIE coordinates," Coninul Graph., vol. 17, pp. 315-321, July 1983.
36. R. S. Gentile, J. P. Allebach, and E. Walowit, "Quantization of color images based on uniform color spaces," J. Iinaein, Technol, vol. 16, pp. 11-21, Feb. 1990.
37. R. S. Berns, R. J. Motta, and M. E. Gorzynski, "CRT colorirnetry, Part I: Theory and practice," Color Res. Appl., vol. 18 no 5, pp. 299-314, Oct. 1993.
38. R. S. Berns, M. E. Gorzynski, and R. J. Motta, "CRT colorirnetry, Part II: Metrology," Color Res. Appl., vol. 18, no. 5, pp 315-325, Oct. 1993.
39. F. Kretz, "Subjectively optimal quantization of pictures," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-23, pp. 1288-1292, Nov. 1975.
40. C. A. Poynton, "'Gamma' and its disguises: The nonlinear mappings of intensity in perception, CRT's, film, and video " SMPTEJ., vol. 102, pp. 377-385, Dec. 1993.
41. H. J. Trussell, "DSP solutions run the gamut for color systems," IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 10, pp. 8-23, Apr. 1993.
42. H. E. J. Neugebauer, "Die Theoretischen Grundlagen des Mehrfarbenbuchdrucks," Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Photographie Photophysik und Photochemie, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 73-89, Apr. 1937.
43. J. A. C. Yule and W. J. Neilsen, "The penetration of light into paper and its effect on halftone reproduction," in Proc. TACA May 7-9, 1951, pp. 65-76.
44. F. R. Clapper and J. A. C. Yule, "Reproduction of color with halftone images," in Proc. 7th Annual Tech. Meeting TACA, May 9, 1955, pp. 1-14.
45. K. Sayangi, Ed., Proceedings of the SPIE: Neugebauer Memorial Seminar on Color Reproduction, Bellingham, WA, Dec. 14-15, 1989, vol. 1184.
46. J. A. S. Viggiano, "Modeling the color of multi-colored halftones," Proc. TAGA, 1990, pp. 44-62.
47. R. Rolleston and R. Balasubramanian, "Accuracy of various types of Neugebauer models," in Proc. IS&T/SID Color Imaging Co/i/: Transforms and Portability of Color, Nov. 1993, pp. 32-37.
48. R. Balasubramanian, "Colorimetric modeling of binary color printers," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, Nov. 1995, pp. 11-327-330.
49. E. Demichel, Proce, vol. 26, pp. 17-21, 26-27, 1924.
50. J. A. C Yule, Principles of Color Reproduction, Applied to Photomechanical Reproduction, Color Photography, and the Ink, Paper, and Other Related Industries. New York: Wiley, 1967.
51. R. Balasubramanian, "A printer model for dot-on-dot halftone screens," in Proc. SPIE Color Hard Copy anil Graphic Arts IV, J. Bares, Ed., 1995, vol. 2413, pp. 356-364.
52. W. L. Rhodes and C. M. Hains, 'The influence of halftone orientation on color gamut and registration sensitivity," in Proc. IS&T's 46th Ann. Conf., May 1993, pp. 180-182.
53. H. J. Trussell and M. S. Kulkarni, "Sampling and processing of color signals," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 5, pp. 677-681, Apr. 1996.
54. D. L. MacAdam, Color Measurement: Theme and Variations, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
55. H. J. Trussell and M. Kulkarni, "Estimation of color under fluorescent illuminants," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, 1994, pp. III1006-10IO.
56. G. Sharma and H. J. Trussell, "Decomposition of fluorescent illuminant spectra for accurate colorimetry," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing, Nov. 1994, pp. 111002-1006.
57. I. T. Jolliffe, Principal Components Analysis. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
58. J. Cohen, "Dependency of the spectral reflectance curves of the Munsell color chips," Psychronomic Sei., vol. I, pp. 369-370, 1964.
59. L. T. Maloney, "Evaluation of linear models of surface reflectance reflectance with a small number of parameters," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 3, pp. 1673-1683, 1986.
60. B. A. Wandelt, 'The synthesis and analysis of color images," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. PAMI-9, pp. - 2-13, Jan. 1987.
61. M. J. Vrhel, R. Gershon, and L. S. Iwan, "Measurement and analysis of object reflectance spectra," Color Res. Appl., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 4-9, Feb. 1994.
62. K. Nassau, The Physics and Chemistry of Color: The Fifteen Causes of Color. New York: Wiley, 1983.
63. B. Robertson, "Toy Story: A triumph of animation," Compitt. Graph. World, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 28-38, Aug. 1995.
64. D. Coco, "Breathing life into 3-d humans," Compitt. Graph. World, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 28-38, Aug. 1995.
65. J. D. Foley, A. van Dam, and J. F. Hughes, Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
66. M. Kulkarni and M. Grant, "Color management and film recorders," Photographic Process., pp. 52-53, Jan. 1995.
67. R. Vetter, C. Ward, and S. Shapiro, "Using color and text in multimedia projections," IEEE Multimedia Mag., vol. 2, pp. 46-54, Winter 1995.
68. R. W. G. Hunt, The Reproduction of Color in Photography, Printing, and Television, 4th ed. Tolworth, England: Fountain Press, 1987.
69. R. P. Khosla, "From photons to bits," Phys. Today, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 42-49, Dec. 1992.
70. K. A. Parulski, L. J. D'Luna, B. L. Benamati, and P. R. Shelley, "High-performance digital color video camera," J. Electron. Imaging, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 35-45, Jan. 1992.
71. D. H. Brainard, "Bayesian method for reconstructing color images from trichromatic samples," in IS&T's 47th Ann. Conf., 1C PS'94: Physics and Chemistry of Imaging Systems, May 15-20, 1994, vol. 2, pp. 375-380.
72. D. R. Cok, "Reconstruction of CCD images using template matching," in IS&T's 47th Ann. Conf., ICPS'94: Physics and Chemistry of Imaging Systems, May 15-20, 1994, vol. 2, pp. 380-385.
73. K. B. Benson and J. C. Whitaker (Eds.), Television Engineering Handbook: Featuring HDTV Systems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.
74. A. J. Patti, M. I. Sezan, and A. M. Tekalp, "Robust methods for high-quality stills from interlaced video in the presence of dominant motion," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 7, pp. 328-342, Apr. 1997.
75. D. H. Brainard. (1997). Hyper-spectral image data. [Online]. Available WWW: http://color.psych.ucsb.edu/hyperspectral/.
76. D. H. Brainard, W. A. Brunt, and J. M. Speigle, "Color constancy in the nearly natural image, 1. Asymmetric matches," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 2091-2110, Sept. 1997.
77. P. L. Vora, M. L. Harville, J. E. Farrell, J. D. Tietz, and D. H. Brainard, "Image capture: Synthesis of sensor responses from multispectral images," in Proc. SPIE Color Imaging: Device Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts II, 1997, vol. 3018, pp. 2-11. (Available URL: http://color.psych.ucsb.edu/hyperspectral/.)
78. R. Luther, "Aus Dem Gebiet der Farbreizmetrik," Z. Tech. Phys., vol. 8, pp. 540-558, 1927.
79. H. E. Ives, "The transformation of color-mixture equations from one system to another," J. Franklin Inst., vol. 16, pp. 673-701, 1915.
80. P. C. Hung, "Colorimetric calibration for scanners and media," in Proc. SPIE, 1991, vol. 1448, pp. 164-174.
81. J. J. Gordon and R. A. Holub, "On the use of linear transformations for scanner calibration," Color Res. Appl., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 218-219, June 1993.
82. G. Sharma and H. J. Trussell, "Color scanner performance trade-offs," in J. Bares, Ed., Proc. SPIE Color Imaging Device-Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts, 1996, vol. 2658, pp. 270-278.
83. H. E. J. Neugebauer, "Quality factor for filters whose spectral transmittances are different from color mixture curves, and its application to color photography," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 821-824, Oct. 1956.
84. P. L. Vora and H. J. Trussell, "Mathematical methods for the design of color scanning filters," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 6, pp. 312-320, Feb. 1997.
85. G. Sharma and H. J. Trussell, "Figures of merit for color scanners," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 990-1001, July 1997.
86. M. J. Vrhel and H. J. Trussell, "Optimal color filters in the presence of noise," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 814-823, June 1995.
87. M. Wolski, J. P. Allebach, C. A. Bouman, and E. Walowit, "Optimization of sensor response functions for colorimetry of reflective and emissive objects," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 507-517, Mar. 1996.
88. G. Sharma, H. J. Trussell, and M. J. Vrhel, "Optimal nonnegative color scanning filters," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 129-133, Jan. 1998.
89. D. Travis, Effective Color Displays: Theory and Practice. San Diego, CA: Academic, 1991.
90. W. K. Pratt, "Spatial transform coding of color images," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-19, no. 12, pp. 980-992, Dec. 1971.
91. W. B. Pennebaker and J. L. Mitchcll, JPEG Still Image Data Compression Standard. New York: Van Nostrand, 1993.
92. J. L. Mitchell, C. Fogg, D. J. LeGall, and W. B. Pennebaker, Eds., MPEG Digital Video Compression Standard. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1997.
93. N. Ahmed and K. R. Rao, Orthogonal Transforms for Digital Signal Processing. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1975.
94. International Radio Consultative Committee, "Encoding parameters of digital television for studios," International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, CCIR Rec. 601-2, 1990.
95. A. Netravali and B. Haskell, Eds., Digital Pictures, Representation, Compression, and Standards. New York: Plenum, 1995.
96. M. Anderson, R. Motta, S. Chandrasekar, and M. Stokes, "Proposal for a standard default color space for the Internet-sRGB," in Proc. IS&T/SID 4th Color Imaging Conf.: Color Science, Systems and Applications, Scottsdale, AZ, Nov. 19-22, 1996, pp. 238-246.
97. J. C. Zwinkels, "Color-measuring instruments and their calibration," Displays, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 163-171, 1996.
98. H. R. Kang, Color Technology for Electronic Imaging Devices. Bellingham, WA: SPIE, 1997.
99. J. N. Cook, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb, "Solution to spatial inhomogenity on video monitors," Color Res. Appl., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 334-340, Oct. 1993.
100. International Color Consortium. (Nov. 20, 1995). International Color Consortium profile format, ver. 3.2. [Online]. Available ftp: ftp.fogra.org.
101. M. C. Stone, W. B. Cowan, and J. C. Beatty, "Color gamut mapping and the printing of digital color images," ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 249-292, Oct. 1988.
102. J. Meyer and B. Barth, "Color gamut mapping for hard copy," in SID Dig., 1989, pp. 86-89.
103. R. S. Gentile, J. P. Allebach, and E. Walowit, "A comparison of techniques for color gamut mismatch compensation," in Proc. SPIE Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display, B. E. Rogowitz, Ed., 1989, vol. 1077, pp. 342-354.
104. E. D. Montag and M. D. Fairchild, "Simulated color gamut mapping using simple rendered images," in J. Bares, Ed., Proc. SPIE Color Imaging Device-Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts, 1996, vol. 2658, pp. 316-325.
105. _, "Evaluation of gamut mapping techniques using simple rendered images and artificial gamut boundaries," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 6, pp. 977-989, July 1997.
106. C. Connolly and T. Fliess, "A study of efficiency and accuracy in the transformation from RGB to CIELAB color space," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 6, pp. 1046-1048, July 1997.
107. M. D. Fairchild, "Considering the surround in device independent color imaging," Color Res. Appl., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 352-363, Dec. 1995.
108. K. M. Braun and M. D. Fairchild, 'Testing five colorappearance models for changes in viewing conditions," Color Res. Appl., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 165-173, June 1997.
109. International Commission on Illumination, "The CIE 1997 interim color appearance model (simple version), CIECAM97s," Rep. CIE Tech. Committee TC1-34, Aug. 1997.
110. M. J. Vrhel and H. J. Trussell, "Color correction using principal components," Color Res. Appl., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 328-338, Oct. 1992.
111. D. L. MacAdam, Ed., Sources of Color Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1970.
112. J. Bares, Ed., Proc. SPIE Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hard Copy, and Graphic Arts, 1996, vol. 2658.