Guided bone regeneration at oral implant sites

Periodontology 2000

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 151-175

  Hämmerle, Christoph H F ^a   Karring, Thorkild ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE; BONE PROSTHESIS; BONE REGENERATION; BONE TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; JAW; METHODOLOGY; ORAL SURGERY; PERIODONTICS; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; TOOTH IMPLANTATION;

ALVEOLAR PROCESS; ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION; ANIMALS; BONE REGENERATION; BONE SUBSTITUTES; BONE TRANSPLANTATION; DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS; GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION, PERIODONTAL; HUMANS; MEMBRANES, ARTIFICIAL;

EID: 0032081970     PISSN: 09066713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00132.x     Document Type: Article

References (193)

1. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark P-I, Lindhe J, Eriksson B, Sbordone L. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990: 15: 39-52.
2. Albrektsson T, Brånemark P-I, Hansson HA, Lindström J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting direct bone anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand 1981: 52: 155-170.
3. Amler MH. The time sequence of tissue regeneration in human extraction wounds. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1969: 27: 309-318.
4. Amler MH, Johnson PL, Salman I. Histological and histochemical investigation of human alveolar socket healing in undisturbed extraction wounds. J Am Dent Assoc 1960: 61: 32-44.
5. Aspenberg P, Kälebo P, Albrektsson T. Rapid bone healing delayed by bone matrix implantation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1988: 3: 123-127.
6. Atwood DA. Postextraction changes in the adult mandible as illustrated by microradiographs of midsagittal sections and serial cephalometric roentgenograms. J Prosthet Dent 1963: 13: 810-824.
7. Aufdemorte T, Fox C, Boyce B, Triplett G, Poser J, Moore G, Holt R. A novel orthopaedic implant to repeatedly sample cancellous bone for histomorphometric analysis. In: Takahaski HE, ed. Bone morphometry. Niigata: Nishimura, 1990: 260-263.
8. Augthun M, Yildirim M, Spiekermann H, Biesterfeld S. Healing of bone defects in combination with immediate implants using the membrane technique. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995: 10: 421-428.
9. Avera SP, Stampley WA, McAllister BS. Histologic and clinical observation of resorbable and nonresorbable barrier membranes used in maxillary sinus graft containment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997: 12: 88-94.
10. Balshi TJ, Hernandez RE, Cutler RH, Hertzog CF. Treatment of osseous defects using Vicryl mesh (polyglactin 910) and the Brånemark implant: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1991: 6: 87-91.
11. Beck LS, Amento EP, Xu Y, Deguzman L, Lee WP, Nguyen T, Gillett NA. TGF-β1 induces bone closure of skull defects: temporal dynamics of bone formation in defects exposed to rh TGF-β1. J Bone Miner Res 1993: 8: 753-761.
12. Becker J, Meissner T, Reichart PA. Gesteuerte Knochenregeneration mit Membranen aus Polyesterurethan. Implantologie 1995: 2: 151-161.
13. Becker W, Becker B, Handelsman M, Ochsenbein C, Albrektsson T. Guided tissue regeneration for implants placed into extraction sockets: a study in dogs. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 703-709.
14. Becker W, Becker BE. Guided tissue regeneration for implants placed into extraction sockets and for implant dehiscences: surgical techniques and case reports. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1990: 10: 377-391.
15. Becker W, Becker BE, McGuire MK. Localized ridge augmentation using absorbable pins and ePTFE barrier membranes: a new surgical approach. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1994: 14: 48-61.
16. Becker W, Becker BE, Polizzi G, Bergström C. Autogenous bone grafting of bone defects adjacent to implants placed into immediate extraction sockets in patients: a prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994: 9: 389-396.
17. Becker W, Dahlin C, Becker BE, Lekholm U, van Steenberghe D, Higuchi K, Kultje S. The use of e-PTFE barrier membranes for bone promotion around titanium implants placed into extraction sockets: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994: 9: 31-40.
18. Becker W, Lekholm U, Dahlin C, Becker B, Donath K. The effect of clinical loading on bone regenerated by GTAM barriers: a study in dogs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994: 9: 305-313.
19. Becker W, Lekholm U, Dahlin C, Becker B, Higuchi K, van Steenberghe D. Immediate placement of titanium implants into fresh extraction sockets protected by e-PTFE membrane barriers. A clinical multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994: 9: 31-40.
20. Becker W, Lynch SE, Lekholm U, Becker BE, Caffesse R, Donath K, Sanchez R. A comparison of ePTFE membranes alone or in combination with platelet-derived growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-I or demineralized freeze-dried bone in promoting bone formation around immediate extraction socket implants. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 929-940.
21. Becker W, Schenk R, Higuchi K, Lekholm U, Becker BE. Variations in bone regeneration adjacent to implants augmented with barrier membranes alone, or with demineralized freeze-dried bone or autologous grafts: a study in dogs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995: 10: 143-154.
22. Becker W, Urist M, Becker BE, Jackson W, Parry DA, Bartold M, Vincenzzi G, DeGeorges D, Niederwanger M. Clinical and histologic observations of sites implanted with intraoral autologous bone grafts or allografts. 15 human case reports. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 1025-1033.
23. Becker W, Urist MR, Tucker LM, Decker BE, Ochsenbein C. Human demineralized freeze-dried bone: inadequate induced bone formation in athymic mice. A preliminary report. J Periodontol 1995: 66: 822-828.
24. Bereiter H, Melcher GA, Gautier E, Huggler AH. Erfahrungen mit Bio-Oss, einem bovinen Apatit, bei verschiedenen klinischen Indikationsbereichen. Hefte Unfallheilkd 1991: 216: 118-126.
25. Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Healing around implants placed in bone defects treated with Bio-Oss®. An experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 117-124.
26. Boyne PJ, Cole MD, Stringer D, Shafqat JP. A technique for osseous restoration of deficient edentulous maxillary ridges. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1985: 43: 87-91.
27. Brägger U, Hämmerle CHF, Lang NP. Immediate transmucosal implants using the principle of guided tissue regeneration. II. A cross-sectional study comparing the clinical outcome 1 year after immediate to standard implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 268-276.
28. Brunette DM. The effects of implant surface topography on the behavior of cells. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1988: 3: 231-246.
29. Brunette DM, Chehroudi B, Gould TRL. Electron microscopic observations on the effects of surface topography on the behavior of cells attached to percutaneous and subcutaneous implants. In: Laney WR, Tolman DE, ed. Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Tissue Integration in Oral, Orthopedic, and Maxillofacial Reconstruction. Carol Stream. IL: Quintessence Publishing Co., 1990: 21-31.
30. Buch F, Albrektsson T, Herbst E. The bone growth chamber for quantification of electrically induced osteogenesis. J Orthop Res 1986: 4: 194-203.
31. Burchardt H. The biology of bone graft repair. Clin Orthop 1983: 174: 28-42.
32. Busch O, Solheim E, Bang B, Tornes K. Guided tissue regeneration and local delivery of insulinlike growth factor I by bioerodible polyorthoester membranes in rat calvarial defects. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996: 11: 498-505.
33. Buser D, Bernard JP, Hofmann B, Lussi A, Mettler D, Schenk RK. Evaluation of bone filling materials in membrane-protected defects of the mandible. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs. Clin Oral Implants Res (in press).
34. Buser D, Brägger U, Lang NP, Nyman S. Regeneration and enlargement of jaw bone using guided tissue regeneration. Clin Oral Implants Res 1990: 1: 22-32.
35. Buser D, Dula K, Belser U, Hirt HP, Berthold H. Localized ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration. I. Surgical procedures in the maxilla. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993: 13: 13-29.
36. Buser D, Dula K, Belser UC, Hirt H-P, Berthold H. Localized ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration. II. Surgical procedure in the mandible. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1995: 15: 11-29.
37. Buser D, Dula K, Hirt HP, Schenk RK. Lateral ridge augmentation using autografts and barrier membranes. A clinical study in 40 partially edentulous patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996: 54: 420-432.
38. Buser D, Dula K, Lang NP, Nyman S. Long-term stability of osseointegrated implants in bone regenerated with the membrane technique. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 175-183.
39. Buser D, Ruskin J, Higginbottom F, Hardwick R, Dahlin C, Schenk RK. Osseointegration of titanium implants in bone regenerated in membrane-protected defects: a histologic study in the canine mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995: 10: 666-681.
40. Buser D, Weber HP, Donath K, Fiorellini JP, Paquette DW, Williams RC. Soft tissue reactions to non-submerged unloaded titanium implants in beagle dogs. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 225-235.
41. Carlsson GE, Thilander H, Hedegard B. Histologic changes in the upper alveolar process after extractions with or without insertion of an immediate full denture. Acta Odontol Scand 1967: 25: 21-43.
42. Chehroudi B, Gould TRL, Brunette DM. Effects of a grooved titanium coated implant surface on epithelial cell behavior in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 1989: 23: 1067-1085.
43. Chehroudi B, Gould TRL, Brunette DM. Titanium-coated micromachined grooves of different dimensions affect epithelial and connective-tissue cells differently in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 1990: 24: 1203-1219.
44. Chung CP, Kim DK, Park YJ, Nam KH, Lee SJ. Biological effects of drug-loadable biodegradable membranes for guided bone regeneration. J Periodont Res 1997: 32: 172-175.
45. Cochran DL, Douglas HB. Augmentation of osseous tissue around non-submerged endosseous dental implants. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993: 13: 506-519.
46. Cohen RE, Mullarky RH, Noble B, Comeau RL, Neiders ME. Phenotypic characterization of mononuclear cells following anorganic bovine bone implantation in rats. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 1008-1015.
47. Cortellini P, Bartolucci E, Clauser C, Pini Prato GR Localized ridge augmentation using guided tissue regeneration in humans. A report of nine cases. Clin Oral Implants Res 1993: 4: 203-209.
48. 2 demand in tissues in vivo and in vitro. Perspect Biol Med 1983: 27: 121-126.
49. Daculsi G, Passuti N. Effect of the macroporosity for osseous substitution of calcium phosphate ceramics. Biomaterials 1990: 11: 86-87.
50. Dahlin C, Alberius P, Linde A. Osteopromotion for cranioplasty. An experimental study in rats using a membrane technique. J Neurosurg 1991: 74: 487-491.
51. Dahlin C, Andersson L, Linde A. Bone augmentation at fenestrated implants by an osteopromotive membrane technique. A controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res 1991: 2: 159-165.
52. Dahlin C, Gottlow J, Linde A, Nyman S. Healing of maxillary and mandibular bone defects by a membrane technique: an experimental study in monkeys. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg 1990: 24: 13-19.
53. Dahlin C, Lekholm U, Becker W, Becker B, Higuchi K, Callens A, van Steenberghe D. Treatment of fenestration and dehiscence bone defects around oral implants using the guided tissue regeneration technique: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995: 10: 312-318.
54. Dahlin C, Linde A, Gottlow J, Nyman S. Healing of bone defects by guided tissue regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988: 81: 672-677.
55. Dahlin C, Sandberg E, Albertus P, Linde A. Restoration of mandibular nonunion bone defect. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994: 23: 237-242.
56. Dahlin C, Sennerby L, Lekholm U, Linde A, Nyman S. Generation of new bone around titanium implants using a membrane technique: an experimental study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1989: 4: 19-25.
57. Dies F, Etienne D, Bou Abboud N, Ouhayoun J-P. Bone regeneration in extraction sites after immediate placement of an e-PTFE membrane with or without a biomaterial. A report of 12 consecutive cases. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 277-285.
58. Dietrich U, Lippold R, Dirmeier T, Behneke W, Wagner W. Statistische Ergebnisse zur Implantatprognose am Beispiel von 2017 IMZ-Implantaten unterschiedlicher Indikationen der letzten 13 Jahre. Z Zahnärztl Implantol 1993: 9: 9-18.
59. Ericsson I, Persson LG, Berglundh T, Edlund T, Lindhe J. The effect of antimicrobial therapy on periimplantitis lesions. An experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 320-328.
60. Frame JW. A convenient animal model for testing bone substitute materials. J Oral Surg 1980: 38: 176-180.
61. Frost HM. Bone remodeling dynamics. Springfield, IL: CC Thomas, 1963.
62. Fugazzotto PA. Success and failure rates of osseointegrated implants in function in regenerated bone for 6 to 51 months: a preliminary report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997: 12: 17-24.
63. Fugazzotto PA, Shanaman R, Manos T, Shectman R. Gesteuerte Knochenregeneration um Titanimplantate: Bericht über die Behandlung von 1503 Stellen mit klinischem Reentry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997: 17: 277-283.
64. Fukuta K, Har-Shai MV, Collares MV, Lichten JB, Jackson IT. Comparison of inorganic bovine bone mineral particles with porous hydroxyapatite granules and cranial bone dust in the reconstruction of full thickness skull defect. J Craniofac Surg 1992: 3: 25-29.
65. Gher ME, Quintero G, Assad D, Monaco E, Richardson AC. Bone grafting and guided bone regeneration for immediate dental implants in humans. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 881-991.
66. Gotfredsen K, Nimb L, Buser D, Hjørting-Hansen E. Evaluation of guided bone regeneration around implants placed into fresh extraction sockets. An experimental study in dogs. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993: 51: 879-884.
67. Gotfredsen K, Nimb L, Hjørting-Hansen E. Immediate implant placement using a biodegradable barrier, polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate reinforced with polyglactin 910. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 83-91.
68. Gotfredsen K, Warrer K, Hjørting-Hansen E, Karring T. Effect of membranes and porous hydroxyapatite on healing in bone defects around titanium dental implants. An experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res 1991: 2: 172-178.
69. Gottlow J. Periodontal regeneration - a review. In: Lang NP, Karring T, ed. First European Workshop on Periodontology. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence Publishing Co., 1994: 172-192.
70. Gottlow J, Nyman S, Karring T, Lindhe J. New attachment formation as the result of controlled tissue regeneration. J Clin Periodontol 1984: 11: 494-503.
71. Gottlow J, Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T, Wennström J. New attachment formation in the human periodontium by guided tissue regeneration. Case reports. J Clin Periodontol 1986: 13: 604-616.
72. Grunder U, Hürzeler MB, Schüpbach P, Strub JR. Treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis using guided tissue regeneration: a clinical and histologic study in the beagle dog. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993: 8: 282-293.
73. Guillemin G, Patat J.-L, Fournie J, Chetail M. The use of coral as a bone graft substitute. J Biomed Mater Res 1987: 21: 557-567.
74. Hämmerle CHF, Brägger U, Bürgin W, Lang NP. The effect of the subcrestal placement of the polished surface of ITI implants on the marginal soft and hard tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 111-119.
75. Hämmerle CHF, Brägger U, Schmid B, Lang NP. Successful bone formation at immediate transmucosal implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants (in press).
76. Hämmerle CHF, Chiantella GC, Karring T, Lang NP. The effect of a deproteinized bovine bone mineral on bone regeneration around titanium dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res (in press).
77. Hämmerle CHF, Fourmousis I, Winkler JR, Weigel C, Brägger U, Lang NP. Successful bone fill in late peri-implant defects using guided tissue regeneration. A short communication. J Periodontol 1995: 66: 303-308.
78. Hämmerle CHF, Olah AJ, Schmid J, Flückiger L, Winkler JR, Gogolowski S, Lang NP. The biological effect of deproteinized bovine bone on bone neoformation on the rabbit skull. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 198-207.
79. Hämmerle CHF, Schmid J, Lang NP, Olah AJ. Temporal dynamics of healing in rabbit cranial defects using guided bone regeneration. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995: 53: 167-174.
80. Hämmerle CHF, Schmid J, Olah AJ, Lang NP. Osseous healing of experimentally created defects in the calvaria of rabbits using guided bone regeneration. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992: 3: 144-147.
81. Hämmerle CHF, Schmid J, Olah AJ, Lang NP. A novel model system for the study of experimental bone formation in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 38-47.
82. Hardwick R, Scantlebury TV, Sanchez R, Whitley N, Ambruster J. Membrane design criteria for guided bone regeneration of the alveolar ridge. In: Buser D, Dahlin C, Schenk RK, ed. Guided bone regeneration in implant dentistry. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence, 1994: 101-136.
83. Hjørting-Hansen E, Helbo M, Aaboe M, Gotfredsen K, Pinholt EM. Osseointegration of subperiosteal implant via guided tissue regeneration. A pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 1995: 6: 149-154.
84. Hjørting-Hansen E, Worsaae N, Lemons JE. Histologic response after implantation of porous hydroxylapatite ceramic in humans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990: 5: 255-263.
85. Holmes RE, Bucholz RW, Mooney V. Porous hydroxyapatite as a bone-graft substitute in metaphyseal defects. A histometric study. J Bone Joint Surg 1986: 66A: 904-911.
86. Holmes RE, Bucholz RW, Mooney V. Porous hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute in diaphyseal defects: a histometric study. J Orthop Res 1987: 5: 114-121.
87. Hürzeler MB, Quiñones CR, Schüpbach P, Morrison EC, Caffesse RG. Treatment of peri-implantitis using guided bone regeneration and bone grafts, alone or in combination, in beagle dogs. 2. Histologic findings. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997: 12: 168-175.
88. Hürzeler MB, Strub JR. Guided bone regeneration around exposed implants: a new bioresorbable device and bioresorbable membrane pins. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1995: 7: 37-47.
89. Hürzeler MB, Weng D, Hutmacher D. Knochenregeneration um Implantate - eine klinische Studie mit einer neuen resorbierbaren Membran. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1996: 51: 2-7.
90. Hutmacher D, Hürzeler MB, Schliephake H. A review of material properties of biodegradable and bioresorbable polymers and devices for GTR and GBR applications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996: 11: 667-678.
91. Ilizarov GA. The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. I. The influence of stability of fixation and soft tissue preservation. Clin Orthop 1989: 238: 249-281.
92. Ilizarov GA. The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. II. The influence of the rate and frequency of distraction. Clin Orthop 1989: 239: 263-285.
93. Isidor F. Loss of osseointegration caused by occlusal load of oral implants. A clinical and radiographic study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 143-152.
94. Isidor F. Histological evaluation of peri-implant bone at implants subjected to occlusal overload or plaque accumulation. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 1-9.
95. Jensen OT, Greer RO, Johnson L, Kassebaum D. Vertical guided bone-graft augmentation in a new canine mandibular model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995: 10: 335-344.
96. Jensen SS, Aaboe M, Pinholt EM, Hjørting-Hansen E, Melsen F, Ruyter IE. Tissue reaction and material characteristics of four bone substitutes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996: 11: 55-66.
97. Johner R. Zur Knochenheilung in Abhängikeit von der Defektgrösse. Helv Chir Acta 1972: 39: 409-411.
98. Jovanovic SA, Kenney EB, Carranza FA, Donath K. The regenerative potential of plaque-induced periimplant bone defects treated by a submerged membrane technique: an experimental study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1993: 8: 13-18.
99. Jovanovic SA, Schenk RK, Orsini M, Kenney EB. Supracrestal bone formation around dental implants: an experimental dog study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995: 10: 23-31.
100. Jovanovic SA, Spiekermann H. Bone regeneration around titanium dental implants in dehisced defect sites: a clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1992: 7: 233-245.
101. Jovanovic SA, Spiekermann H, Richter EJ, Koseoglu M. Guided tissue regeneration around titanium dental implants. In: Laney WR, Tolman DE, ed. Tissue integration of oral, orthopedic and maxillofacial reconstruction. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence Publishing Company, 1992: 208-215.
102. Karring T, Nyman S, Gottlow J, Laurell L. Development of the biological concept of guided tissue regeneration - animal and human studies. Periodontol 2000 1993: 1: 26-35.
103. Karring T, Nyman S, Lindhe J. Healing following implantation of periodontitis affected roots into bone tissue. J Clin Periodontol 1980: 7: 96-105.
104. Karring T, Nyman S, Lindhe J, Sirirat M. Potential for root resorption during periodontal healing. J Clin Periodontol 1984: 11: 41-52.
105. Kasperk C, Ewers R. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Einheilungstendenz synthetischer, koralliner und aus Algen gewonnener (phykogener) Hydroxylapatitmaterialien. Z Zahnärztl Implantol 1986: 2: 242-248.
106. Kasperk C, Ewers R, Simons B, Kasperk R. Algae-derived (phycogene) hydroxylapatite. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1988: 17: 319-324.
107. Klinge B, Alberius P, Isaksson S, Jönsson AJ. Osseous response to implanted natural bone mineral and synthetic hydroxylapatite ceramic in the repair of experimental skull bone defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992: 50: 241-249.
108. Kornman KS. The role of antimicrobials in prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. In: American Academy of Periodontology, ed. Perspectives on oral antimicrobial therapeutics. Littleton: PSG Publishing Company, 1987: 37-46.
109. Kostopoulos L, Karring T. Augmentation of the rat mandible using guided tissue regeneration. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 75-82.
110. Kostopoulos L, Karring T, Uraguchi R. Formation of jaw-bone tuberosities by guided tissue regeneration. An experimental study in the rat. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 245-253.
111. Krekeler G, ten Bruggenkate CM, Oosterbeek HS. Verbesserung des Implantatbettes durch Augmentation mit autologem Knochen. Z Zahnärztl Implantol 1993: 9: 231-236.
112. Lang NP, Brägger U, Hämmerle CHF. Immediate transmucosal implants using the principle of guided tissue regeneration (GTR). I. Rationale, clinical procedures, and 2 1/2-year results. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 154-163.
113. Lang NP, Brägger U, Walther D, Beamer B, Kornman KS. Ligature-induced peri-implant infection in cynomolgus monkeys. I. Clinical and radiographic findings. Clin Oral Implants Res 1993: 4: 2-11.
114. Lang NP, Hämmerle CHF, Brägger U, Lehmann B, Nyman SR. Guided tissue regeneration in jawbone defects prior to implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 92-97.
115. Lang NP, Mombelli A, Tonetti MS, Brägger U, Hämmerle CHF. Clinical trials on therapies for peri-implant infections. Ann Periodontol 1997: 2: 343-356.
116. Lazzara RM. Immediate implant placement into extraction sites: surgical and restorative advantages. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1989: 9: 333-343.
117. Lekholm U, Adell R, Lindhe J. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. II. A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986: 15: 53-61.
118. Linde A, Thorén C, Dahlin C, Sandberg E. Creation of new bone by an osteopromotive membrane technique. An experimental study in rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993: 51: 892-897.
119. Lindhe J, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Liljenberg B, Marinello C. Experimental breakdown of peri-implant and periodontal tissues. A study in the beagle dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992: 3: 9-16.
120. Lundgren AK, Lundgren D, Sennerby L, Taylor Å, Gottlow J, Nyman S. Augmentation of skull bone using a bioresorbable barrier supported by autologous bone grafts. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 90-95.
121. Lundgren AK, Sennerby L, Lundgren D, Taylor Å, Gottlow J, Nyman S. Bone augmentation at titanium implants using autologous bone grafts and a bioresorbable barrier. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 82-89.
122. Lundgren D, Lundgren AK, Sennerby L, Nyman S. Augmentation of intramembranous bone beyond the skeletal envelope using an occlusive titanium barrier. An experimental study in the rabbit. Clin Oral Implants Res 1995: 6: 67-72.
123. Lundgren D, Nyman S, Mathiesen T, Isaksson S, Kling B. Guided bone regeneration of cranial defects, using biodegradable barriers: an experimental pilot study in the rabbit. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1992: 20: 257-260.
124. Lundgren D, Sennerby L, Falk H, Friberg B, Nyman S. The use of a new bioresorbable barrier for guided bone regeneration in connection with implant installation. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 177-184.
125. Mayfield L, Nobréus N, Attström R, Linde A. Guided bone regeneration in dental implant treatment using a bioabsorbable membrane. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 10-17.
126. Mombelli A, Lang NP. Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant infections. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992: 3: 162-168.
127. Mombelli A, Van Oosten MAC, Schürch E, Lang NP. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1987: 2: 145-151.
128. Nevins M, Mellonig JT. The advantages of localized ridge augmentation prior to implant placement. A staged event. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1994: 14: 97-111.
129. Nyman S. Bone regeneration using the principle of guided tissue regeneration. J Clin Periodontol 1991: 18: 494-498.
130. Nyman S, Gottlow J, Karring T, Lindhe J. The regenerative potential of the periodontal ligament. An experimental study in the monkey. J Clin Periodontol 1982: 9: 257-265.
131. Nyman S, Karring T, Lindhe J, Planten S. Healing following implantation of periodontitis affected roots into gingival connective tissue. J Clin Periodontol 1980: 7: 394-401.
132. Nyman S, Lang NP, Buser D, Brägger U. Bone regeneration adjacent to titanium dental implants using guided tissue regeneration. A report of 2 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990: 5: 9-14.
133. Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T. Reattachment - new attachment. In: Lindhe J, ed. Textbook of clinical periodontology. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1989: 450-473.
134. Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T, Rylander H. New attachment following surgical treatment of human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1982: 9: 290-296.
135. Nyman SR, Lang NP. Guided tissue regeneration and dental implants. Periodontol 2000 1994: 4: 109-118.
136. Nyström E, Legrell PE, Forssell A, Kahnberg K-E. Combined use of bone grafts and implants in the severely resorbed maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995: 24: 20-25.
137. Pajarola GF, Sailer HF, Studer S. Steuerung der Knochenregeneration um Implantatpfeiler durch eine resorbierbare Folie. Z Zahnärztl Implantol 1993: 9: 181-183.
138. Palmer RM, Floyd PD, Palmer PJ, Smith BJ, Johansson CB, Albrektsson T. Healing of implant dehiscence defects with and without expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes: a controlled clinical and histological study. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 98-104.
139. Parodi R, Santarelli G, Carusi G. Application of slow-resorbing collagen membrane to periodontal and peri-implant guided tissue regeneration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1996: 16: 174-185.
140. Persson LG, Ericsson I, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Guided bone regeneration in the treatment of periimplantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 366-372.
141. Pinholt EM, Bang G, Haanaes HR. Alveolar ridge augmentation by osteoinduction in rats. Scand J Dent Res 1990: 98: 434-41.
142. Pinholt EM, Haanaes HR, Donath K, Bang G. Titanium implant insertion into dog alveolar ridges augmented by allogenic material. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 213-219.
143. Pinholt EM, Haanaes HR, Roervik M, Donath K, Bang G. Alveolar ridge augmentation by osteoinductive materials in goats. Scand J Dent Res 1990: 100: 361-365.
144. Pinholt EM, Ruyter IE, Haanaes HR, Bang G. Chemical, physical, and histologic studies on four commercial apatites used for alveolar ridge augmentation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992: 50: 859-867.
145. Quiñones CR, Caffesse RG. Current status of guided periodontal tissue regeneration. Periodontol 2000 1995: 9: 55-68.
146. Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D. Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the Brånemark system. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992: 3: 104-111.
147. Rasmusson L, Sennerby L, Lundgren D, Nyman S. Morphological and dimensional changes after barrier removal in bone formed beyond the skeletal borders at titanium implants. A kinetic study in the rabbit tibia. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 103-116.
148. Reddi AH. Cell biology and biochemistry of endochondral bone development. Coll Rel Res 1981: 1: 209-226.
149. Reddi AH, Weintroub S, Muthukumaran N. Biologic principles of bone induction. Orthop Clin North Am 1987: 18: 207-212.
150. Renvert S, Claffey N, Orafi H, Albrektsson T. Supracrestal bone growth around partially inserted titanium implants in dogs. A pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 360-365.
151. Rosenquist B, Grenthe B. Immediate placement of implants into extraction sockets: implant survival. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996: 11: 205-209.
152. Sandberg E, Dahlin C, Linde A. Bone regeneration by the osteopromotion technique using bioabsorbable membranes. An experimental study in rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993: 51: 1106-1114.
153. Sato K, Urist MR. Induced regeneration of calvaria by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in dogs. Clin Orthop 1985: 197: 301-311.
154. Schenk RK, Buser D, Hardwick WR, Dahlin C. Healing pattern of bone regeneration in membrane-protected defects: a histologic study in the canine mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994: 9: 13-29.
155. Schenk RK, Willenegger HR. Zur Histologie der primären Knochenheilung. Modifikationen und Grenzen der Spaltheilung in Abhängigkeit von der Defektgrösse. Unfallheilkunde 1977: 80: 155-160.
156. Schlickewei W, Riede UN, Yu J, Ziechmann W, Kuner EH, Seubert B. Influence of humate on calcium hydroxyapatite implants. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1993: 112: 275-279.
157. Schliephake H, Kracht D. Vertical ridge augmentation using polylactic membranes in conjunction with immediate implants in periodontally compromised extraction sites: an experimental study in dogs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997: 12: 325-334.
158. Schliephake H, Neukam FW, Hutmacher D, Becker J. Enhancement of bone ingrowth into a porous hydroxylapatite-matrix using a resorbable polylactic membrane. An experimental pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994: 52: 57-63.
159. Schmid J, Hämmerle CHF, Flückiger L, Gogolewski S, Winkler JR, Rahn B, Lang NP. Blood filled spaces with and without filler materials in guided bone regeneration. A comparative experimental study in the rabbit using bioresorbable membranes. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 75-81.
160. Schmid J, Hämmerte CHF, Olah AJ, Lang NP. Membrane permeability is unnecessary for guided generation of new bone. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 125-130.
161. Schmid J, Hämmerle CHF, Stich H, Lang NP. Supraplant®, a novel implant system based on the principle of guided bone generation. Clin Oral Implants Res 1991: 2: 199-202.
162. Schmid J, Wallkamm B, Hämmerle CHF, Gogolewski S, Lang NP. The significance of angiogenesis in guided bone regeneration. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997: 8: 244-248.
163. Schou S, Holmstrup P, Hjørting-Hansen E, Lang N. Plaque-induced marginal tissue reactions of osseointegrated oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992: 3: 149-161.
164. Schou S, Holmstrup P, Keiding N, Fiehn N-E. Microbiology of ligature-induced marginal inflammation around osseointegrated implants and ankylosed teeth in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Clin Oral Implants Res 1996: 7: 190-200.
165. Schüpbach P, Hürzeler M, Grunder U. Implant-tissue interfaces following treatment of peri-implantitis using guided tissue regeneration. Clin Oral Implants Res 1994: 5: 55-65.
166. Schwartz Z, Mellonig JT, Carnes DR, De La Fontaine J, Cochran DL, Dean DD, Boyan BD. Ability of commercial demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft to induce new bone formation. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 918-926.
167. Seibert J, Nyman S. Localized ridge augmentation in dogs: a pilot study using membranes and hydroxyapatite. J Periodontol 1990: 3: 157-165.
168. Sevor JJ, Meffert RM, Cassingham RJ. Regeneration of dehisced alveolar bone adjacent to endosseous dental implants utilizing a resorbable collagen membrane: clinical and histologic results. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993: 13: 71-83.
169. Shaw JK, Basset CAL. The effect of varying oxygen concentrations on osteogenesis and embryonic cartilage in vitro. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1967: 49: 73-80.
170. Simion M, Baldoni M, Rossi P, Zaffe D. A comparative study of the effectiveness of e-PTFE membranes with and without early exposure during the healing period. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1994: 14: 167-180.
171. Simion M, Misitano U, Gionso L, Salvato A. Treatment of dehiscences and fenestrations around dental implants using resorbable and nonresorbable membranes associated with bone autografts: a comparative clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997: 12: 159-167.
172. Simion M, Trisi P, Piattelli A. Vertical ridge augmentation using a
173. Skoglund A, Hising P, Young C. A clinical and histologic examination in humans of the osseous response to implanted natural bone mineral. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997: 12: 194-199.
174. Smukler H, Porto Barboza E, Burliss C. A new approach to regeneration of surgically reduced alveolar ridges in dogs: a clinical and histologic study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1995: 10: 537-551.
175. ten Bruggenkate CM, Kraaijenhagen HA, van der Kwast WAM, Krekeler G, Oosterbeek HS. Autogenous maxillary bone grafts in conjunction with placement of ITI endosseous implants: a preliminary report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992: 21: 81-84.
176. Thaller SR, Hoyt J, Borjeson K, Dart A, Tesluk H. Reconstruction of calvarial defects with anorganic bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) in a rabbit model. J Craniofac Surg 1993: 4: 79-84.
177. Tillmann T. Skelettsystem. In: Leonhardt H, Tillmann B, Töndury G, Zilles K, ed. Anatomie des Menschen. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1987: 51-90.
178. Tinti C, Parma-Benfenati S, Polizzi G. Vertical ridge augmentation: what is the limit? Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1996: 16: 220-229.
179. Tolman DE, Keller EE. Endosseous implant placement immediately following dental extraction and alveoloplasty: preliminary report with 6-year follow-up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1991: 6: 24-28.
180. Tritten CB, Brägger U, Fourmousis I, Hämmerle CHF. Transmukosale Direktimplantate: Einzelzahnsofortversorgung. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 1994: 2: 122-126.
181. Urist MR. Bone: formation by autoinduction. Science 1965: 150: 893-899.
182. van Drie HJY, Beertsen W, Grevers A. Healing of the gingiva following installment of Biotes® implants in beagle dogs. In: de Putter C, de Lange GL, de Groot K, Lee AJC, ed. Advances in biomaterials. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988: 485-490.
183. van Eeden SP, Ripamonti U. Bone differentiation in porous hydroxyapatite in baboons is regulated by the geometry of the substratum: implications for reconstructive craniofacial surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994: 93: 959-966.
184. Wachtel HC, Langford A, Bernimoulin JP, Reichart P. Guided bone regeneration next to osseointegrated implants in humans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1991: 6: 127-135.
185. Wallkamm B, Schmid J, Hämmerle CHF, Gogolewski S, Lang NP. Effect of a bioresorbable foam (Polyfoam®) on experimental bone neoformation. J Dent Res (in press: IADR abstract).
186. Warrer K, Gotfredsen K, Hjørting-Hansen E, Karring T. Guided tissue regeneration ensures osseointegration of dental implants placed into extraction sockets. An experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res 1991: 2: 166-171.
187. Weber H, Buser D, Fiorellini J, Williams R. Radiographic evaluation of crestal bone levels adjacent to nonsubmerged titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992: 3: 181-188.
188. Wetzel AC, Stich H, Caffesse RG. Bone apposition onto oral implants in the sinus area filled with different grafting materials. A histological study in beagle dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 1995: 6: 155-163.
189. Wildfang J, Merten AH, Schäfer F. Vergleichende Untersuchung zur GTR mit resorbierbaren und nicht resorbierbaren Folien. Z Zahnärztl Implantol 1994: 10: 137-143.
190. Zablotsky M, Meffert R, Caudill R, Evans G. Histological and clinical comparisons of guided tissue regeneration on dehisced hydroxylapatite-coated and titanium endosseous implant surfaces: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1991: 6: 294-303.
191. Zellin G, Linde A. Effects of different osteopromotive membrane porosities on experimental bone neogenesis in rats. Biomaterials 1996: 17: 695-702.
192. Zitzmann N, Naef R, Schärer P. Gesteuerte Knochenregeneration und Augmentation in der Implantatchirurgie mit Bio-Oss und Membrantechniken. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1996: 51: 366-369.
193. Zitzmann NU, Naef R, Schüpbach P, Schärer P. Sofortoder verzögertes Sofortimplantat versus Spätimplantat bei Anwendung der Prinzipien der gesteuerten Knochenregeneration. Acta Med Dent Helv 1996: 1: 221-227.