The dorsal cochlear nucleus contributes to a high intensity component of the acoustic startle reflex in rats

Hearing Research

Volumn 119, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 69-80

  Meloni, Edward G ^a   Davis, Michael ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavior; Dorsal cochlear nucleus; Lesion; Startle

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; BRAIN INJURY; COCHLEAR NUCLEUS; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; FACILITATION; FEAR; HABITUATION; MALE; NERVE PROJECTION; NOISE; NONHUMAN; PONS RETICULAR FORMATION; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STARTLE REFLEX;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; COCHLEAR NUCLEUS; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; ESCAPE REACTION; HABITUATION, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC; MALE; NOISE; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; STARTLE REACTION;

EID: 0032080746     PISSN: 03785955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5955(98)00040-9     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Berrebi A.S., Morgan J.I., Mugnaini E. The purkinje cell class may extend beyond the cerebellum. J. Neurocytol. 19:1990;643-654.
2. Borszcz G.S., Cranney J., Leaton R.N. Influence of long-term sensitization on long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response in rats: Central gray lesions, preexposure, and extinction. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Proc. 15:1989;54-64.
3. Boulis N.M., Kehne J.H., Miserendino M.J., Davis M. Differential blockade of early and late components of acoustic startle following intrathecal infusion of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) or D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP-5). Brain Res. 520:1990;240-246.
4. Brown J.S., Kalish H.I., Farber I.E. Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of startle responses to an auditory stimulus. J. Exp. Psychol. 72:1951;177-192.
5. Campeau S., Davis M. Fear potentiation of the acoustic startle reflex using noises of various spectral frequencies as conditioned stimuli. Anim. Learn. Behav. 20:1992;177-186.
6. Caspary D.M., Pazara K.E., Kossl M., Faingold C.L. Strychnine alters the fusiform cell output from the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Brain Res. 417:1987;273-282.
7. Davis M. Effects of interstimulus interval length and variability on startle response habituation in rat. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 72:1970;177-192.
8. Davis M. Sensitization of the rat startle response by noise. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 87:1974;571-581.
9. Davis M. Neurochemical modulation of sensory-motor reactivity: Acoustic and tactile startle reflexes. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 4:1980;241-263.
10. Davis, M., 1984. Neural mechanisms of startle behavior. In: Eaton, R.C. (Ed.), The Mammalian Startle Response. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 287-323.
11. Davis M. Sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by footshock. Behav. Neurosci. 103:1989;495-503.
12. Davis, M., 1992. The role of the amygdala in conditioned fear. In: Aggleton, J.P. (Ed.), The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 255-305.
13. Davis M., Astrachan D.I. Conditioned fear and startle magnitude: Effects of different footshock or backshock intensities used in training. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Proc. 4:1978;95-103.
14. Davis M., Wagner A.R. Habituation of the startle response under an incremental sequence of stimulus intensities. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 67:1969;486-492.
15. Davis M., Gendelman D.S., Tischler M.D., Gendelman P.M. A primary acoustic startle circuit: Lesion and stimulation studies. J. Neurosci. 2:1982;791-805.
16. Davis M., Falls W.A., Campeau S., Kim M. Fear-potentiated startle: A neural and pharmacological analysis. Behav. Brain Res. 58:1993;175-198.
17. Evans E.F., Nelson P.G. The responses of single neurones in the cochlear nucleus of the cat as a function of their location and the anaesthetic state. Exp. Brain Res. 17:1973;402-427.
18. Falls W.A., Davis M. Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala block conditioned excitation, but not conditioned inhibition of fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle effect. Behav. Neurosci. 109:1995;379-387.
19. Fox J.E. Habituation and prestimulus inhibition of the auditory startle reflex in decerebrate rats. Physiol. Behav. 23:1979;291-297.
20. Groves P.M., Wilson C.J., Boyle R.D. Brain stem pathways, cortical modulation and habituation of the acoustic startle response. Behav. Biol. 10:1974;391-418.
21. Hammond G.R. Lesions of the pontine and medullary reticular formation and prestimulus inhibition of the acoustic startle response. Physiol. Behav. 10:1973;239-243.
22. Hitchcock J.M., Davis M. Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm. Behav. Neurosci. 100:1986;11-22.
23. Hitchcock J.M., Sananes C.B., Davis M. Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem. Behav. Neurosci. 103:1989;509-518.
24. Hoffman H.S., Ison J.R. Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol. Rev. 87:1980;175-189.
25. Hoffman H.S., Wible B.L. Temporal parameters in startle facilitation by steady background signals. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 45:1969;7-12.
26. Hoffman H.S., Wible B.L. Role of weak signals in acoustic startle. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 47:1970;489-497.
27. Ison J.R., McAdam D.W., Hammond G.R. Latency and amplitude changes in the acoustic startle reflex of the rat produced by variation in auditory prestimulation. Physiol. Behav. 10:1973;1035-1039.
28. Jordan W.P., Leaton R.N. Habituation of the acoustic startle response in rats after lesions in the mesencephalic reticular formation or in the inferior colliculus. Behav. Neurosci. 97:1983;710-724.
29. Kandler K., Herbert H. Auditory projections from the cochlear nucleus to pontine and mesencephalic reticular nuclei in the rat. Brain Res. 562:1991;230-242.
30. Kellogg C.K., Sullivan A.T., Bitran D., Ison J.R. Modulation of noise-potentiated acoustic startle via the benzodiazepine-γ-aminobutyric acid receptor complex. Behav. Neurosci. 105:1991;640-646.
31. Kiang N.Y.-S., Baer T., Marr E.M., Demont D. Discharge rates of single auditory-nerve fibers as a function of tone level. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46:1969;106.
32. Kim D.O., Ghoshal S., Khant S.L., Parham K. A computational model with ionic conductances for the fusiform cell of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96:1994;1501-1514.
33. Koch M., Ebert U. Enhancement of the acoustic startle response by stimulation of an excitatory pathway from the central amygdala/basal nucleus of Meynert to the pontine reticular formation. Exp. Brain. Res. 93:1993;231-241.
34. Koch M., Lingenhöhl K., Pilz P.K. Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: Possible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience. 49:1992;617-625.
35. Korn J.H., Moyer K.E. Habituation of the startle response and of heart rate in the rat. Can. J. Psychol. 20:1966;183-190.
36. Krase W., Koch M., Schnitzler H.-U. Substance P is involved in the sensitization of the acoustic startle response by footshock in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 63:1994;81-88.
37. Landis, C., Hunt, W., 1939. The Startle Pattern. Farrar and Rinehart, New York.
38. Leaton R.N. Long-term retention of the habituation of lick suppression and startle response produced by a single auditory stimulus. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Proc. 2:1976;248-259.
39. Leaton R.N., Koch M., Pilz P.K., Schnitzler H.-U. Neurotoxic-induced loss of the giant neurons in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus attenuates the startle response and the freezing provoked by an acoustic stimulus in rats. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22:1996;1875.
40. Lee Y., López D.E., Meloni E.G., Davis M. A primary acoustic startle pathway: Obligatory role of cochlear root neurons and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. J. Neurosci. 16:1996;3775-3789.
41. Leitner D.S., Cohen M.E. Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 34:1985;65-70.
42. Leitner D.S., Powers A.S., Hoffman H.S. The neural substrates of the startle response. Physiol. Behav. 25:1980;291-297.
43. Lingenhöhl K., Friauf E. Giant neurons in the rat reticular formation: A sensorimotor interface in the elementary acoustic startle circuit? J. Neurosci. 14:1994;1176-1194.
44. Manis P.B. Membrane properties and discharge characteristics of guinea pig dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons studies in vitro. J. Neurosci. 10:1990;2338-2351.
45. Masterson R.B., Granger E.M. Role of the acoustic striae in hearing: Contribution of dorsal and intermediate striae to detection of noises and tones. J. Neurophysiol. 60:1988;1841-1860.
46. Masterson R.B., Granger E.M., Glendenning K.K. Role of acoustic striae in hearing: Mechanism for enhancement of sound detection in cats. Hear. Res. 73:1994;209-222.
47. Nelken I., Young E.D. Two separate inhibitory mechanisms shape the responses of dorsal cochlear nucleus type IV units to narrowband and wideband stimuli. J. Neurophysiol. 71:1994;2446-2462.
48. Nodal F.R., López D.E., Merchán M.A. Direct input from cochlear root neurons to giant reticulospinal neurons: A double label study in the albino rat. Abstr. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 20:1997;161.
49. Oliver D.L. Dorsal cochlear nucleus projections to the inferior colliculus in the cat: A light and electron microscopic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 224:1984;155-172.
50. Palombi P.S., Backoff P.M., Caspary D.M. Paired tone facilitation in dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons: A short-term potentiation model testable in vivo. Hear. Res. 75:1994;153-169.
51. Parham K., Willott J.F. Effects of inferior colliculus lesions on the acoustic startle response. Behav. Neurosci. 104:1990;831-840.
52. Paxinos, G., Watson, C., 1986. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. Academic Press, New York.
53. Pilz P.K., Schnitzler H.-U. Habituation and sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats: Amplitude, threshold, and latency measures. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 66:1996;67-79.
54. Prosser C.L., Hunter W.S. The extinction of startle responses and spinal reflexes in the white rat. Am. J. Physiol. 117:1936;609-618.
55. Reijmers L.G., Peeters B.W. Effects of acoustic prepulses on the startle reflex in rats: A parametric analysis. Brain Res. 661:1994;174-180.
56. Rhode W.S., Smith P.H., Oertel D. Physiological response properties of cells labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase in cat dorsal cochlear nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 213:1983;426-447.
57. Russo J.M., Ison J.R. Sensitization of the rat's acoustic startle response by repetition of a photic stimulus. Physiol. Psychol. 7:1979;102-106.
58. Ryugo D.K., Willard F.H. The dorsal cochlear nucleus of the mouse: A light microscopic analysis of neurons that project to the inferior colliculus. J. Comp. Neurol. 242:1985;381-396.
59. Ryugo D.K., Willard F.H., Fekete D.M. Differential afferent projections to the inferior colliculus from the central nucleus in the albino mouse. Brain Res. 210:1981;342-349.
60. Semple M.N., Aitkin L.M. Physiology of pathway from dorsal cochlear nucleus to inferior colliculus revealed by electrical and auditory stimulation. Exp. Brain Res. 41:1980;19-28.
61. Sheets L.P., Dean K.F., Reiter L.W. Ontogeny of the acoustic startle response and sensitization to background noise in the rat. Behav. Neurosci. 102:1988;706-713.
62. Spirou G.A., Young E.D. Organization of dorsal cochlear nucleus type IV unit response maps and their relationship to activation by bandlimited noise. J. Neurophysiol. 66:1991;1750-1768.
63. Spirou G.A., May B.J., Wright D.D., Ryugo D.K. Frequency organization of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in cats. J. Comp. Neurol. 329:1993;36-52.
64. Sutherland D.P. A role of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in the localization of elevated sound sources. Abstr. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 14:1991;33.
65. Swerdlow N.R., Caine S.B., Braff D.L., Geyer M.A. The neural substrates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: A review of recent findings and their implications. J. Psychopharmacol. 6:1992;176-190.
66. Szabo I. Analysis of the muscular action potentials accompanying the acoustic startle reaction. Acta Physiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27:1965;167-178.
67. Taylor M.K., Ison J.R., Schwarzkopf S.B. Prepulse facilitation of the acoustic startle reflex in the rat: Stimulus parameters and drug effects. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 20:1994;1753.
68. Wedeking P., Carlton P.L. Habituation and sensitization in the modulation of reflex amplitude. Physiol. Behav. 22:1979;57-62.
69. Willott J.F., Carlson S., Bross L.S., Turner J.G. Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice: Auditory prepulse inhibition and glycinergic neurons of the deep DCN in the absence of cartwheel cells. Abstr. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 20:1997;46.
70. Yajima Y., Hayashi Y. Response properties and tonotopical organization in the dorsal cochlear nucleus in rats. Exp. Brain Res. 75:1989;381-389.
71. Yeomans J.S., Hempek C.M., Chapman C.A. Axons and synapses mediating startle-like responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the reticular formation in rats: Symmetric and asymmetric collision effects. Brain Res. 617:1993;309-319.
72. Young E.D., Brownell W.E. Response to tones and noise of single cells in dorsal cochlear nucleus of unanesthetized cats. J. Neurophysiol. 39:1976;282-300.
73. Young E.D., Voigt H.F. Response properties of type II and type IV units in dorsal cochlear nucleus. Hear. Res. 6:1982;153-169.
74. Young E.D., Spirou G.A., Rice J.J., Voigt H.F. Neural organization and responses to complex stimuli in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 336:1992;407-413.
75. Young E.D., Nelken I., Conley R.A. Somatosensory effects on neurons in dorsal cochlear nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 73:1995;743-765.
76. Zhang S., Oertel D. Giant cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of mice: Intracellular recording in slices. J. Neurophysiol. 69:1993;1398-1408.
77. Zhang S., Oertel D. Neuronal circuits associated with the output of the dorsal cochlear nucleus through fusiform cells. J. Neurophysiol. 71:1994;914-930.