Death, trauma and ritual: Mozambican refugees in Malawi

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 1165-1174

  Englund, Harri ^a  

^a NORDIC AFRICA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Bodily practices; Exorcism; Funerals; Humanitarian assistance; Refugees; War trauma

Indexed keywords

HEALTHCARE; HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE; MENTAL ILLNESS; MOZAMBICAN IMMIGRANTS; REFUGEES; TRAUMA VICTIMS;

ANTHROPOLOGY; BATTLE INJURY; DEATH; HUMAN; MALAWI; MENTAL HEALTH; MOZAMBIQUE; REFUGEE; REVIEW; WELLBEING;

MALAWI;

EID: 0032080280     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)10044-2     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Ahearn, F. L. and Athey, J. L. (eds.) (1991) Refugee Children: Theory, Research and Services. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd Edition. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC.
3. Baker, R. (1984) Is Loss and Crisis Theory Relevant to Understanding Refugees in Africa? Paper presented at Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
4. Barnes, J. A. (1954) Politics in a Changing Society. Oxford University Press, London.
5. Blackwell D. Testimony and psychotherapy: a reply to Buus and Agger. Refugee Participation Network. 7:1990;7-8.
6. Bloch, M. (1992) What goes without saying: the conceptualization of Zafimaniry society. In Conceptualizing Society, ed. A. Kuper. Routledge, London.
7. Boddy, J. (1989) Wombs and Alien Spirits. Women, Men, and the Zar Cult in Northern Sudan. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
8. Boddy J. Spirit possession revisited: beyond instrumentality. Annual Review of Anthropology. 23:1994;407-434.
9. Boothby N. Displaced children: psychological theory and practice from the field. Journal of Refugee Studies. 5:1992;106-122.
10. Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
11. Brain J. L. Ancestors as elders in africa - further thoughts. Africa. 43:1973;122-133.
12. Buus S., Agger I. The testimony method: the use of testimony as a psychotherapeutic tool in the treatment of traumatised refugees in Denmark. Refugee Participation Network. 3:1988;14-17.
13. Chikane, F. (1986) Children in turmoil: the effects of unrest on township children. In Growing Up in a Divided Society, eds. S. Burnam and P. Reynolds. Raven Press, Johannesburg.
14. Colson, E. (1962) The Plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia. Social and Religious Studies. Manchester University Press, Manchester.
15. Comaroff, J. (1985) Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance. The Culture and History of a South African People. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
16. Corless, I. B., Germino, B. B. and Pittman, M. (eds.) (1994) Dying, Death, and Bereavement: Theoretical Perspectives and Other Ways of Knowing. Jones and Bartlett, London.
17. Douglas, M. (1970) Natural Symbols. Explorations in Cosmology. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
18. Drewal M. T. The state of research on performance in Africa. African Studies Review. 34:1991;1-64.
19. Englund, H. (1995) Brother against brother: the moral economy of war and displacement in the Malawi-Mozambique borderland. Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester.
20. Featherstone, M., Hepworth, M. and Turner, B. S. (1991) The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory. Sage, London.
21. Field, M. J. (1960) Search for Security: An Ethnopsychiatric Study of Rural Ghana. Faber and Faber, London.
22. Finnegan, W. (1992) A Complicated War. The Harrowing of Mozambique. University of California Press, Berkeley.
23. Fortes, M. (1965) Some reflections on ancestor worship in Africa. In African Systems of Thought, eds. M. Fortes and G. Dieterlen. Oxford University Press, London.
24. Garmezy, N. and Rutter, M. (1985) Acute reactions to stress. In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, eds. M. Rutter and L. Hersov. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
25. Geffray, C. (1990) La cause des armes au Mozambique: anthropologie d'une guerre civile. Karthala, Paris.
26. Gersony, R. (1988) Summary of Mozambican Refugee Accounts of Principally Conflict-Related Experience in Mozambique. Bureau for Refugee Programs, Washington DC.
27. Gibson K. Children in political violence. Social Science and Medicine. 28:1989;659.
28. Giddens, A. (1976) New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretative Sociologies. Hutchinson, London.
29. Goodwin, C. and Duranti, A. (eds.) (1992) Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
30. Harrell-Bond, B. E. (1986) Imposing Aid. Emergency Assistance to Refugees. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
31. Harrell-Bond B. E., Wilson K. B. Dealing with dying: some anthropological reflections on the need for assistance by refugee relief programs for bereavement and burial. Journal of Refugee Studies. 3:1990;228-243.
32. Harrison G. Democracy in Mozambique: the significance of multi-party elections. Review of African Political Economy. 67:1996;19-35.
33. Hocking F. Extreme environmental stress and its significance for psychopathology. American Journal of Psychotherapy. 24:1970;4-26.
34. Janzen, J. M. (1978) The Quest for Therapy: Medical Pluralism in Lower Zaire. University of California Press, Berkeley.
35. Kapferer B. Introduction: ritual process and the transformation of context. Social Analysis. 1:1979;3-19.
36. Kapferer, B. (1991) A Celebration of Demons. Exorcism and the Aesthetics of Healing in Sri Lanka. 2nd Edition. Berg, Oxford.
37. Kapferer, B. (1995) From the edge of death: sorcery and the motion of consciousness. In Questions of Consciousness, eds. A. P. Cohen and N. Rapport. Routledge, London.
38. Kaspin D. A Chewa cosmology of the body. American Ethnologist. 23:1996;561-578.
39. Knudsen J. C. Therapeutic strategies and strategies for refugee coping. Journal of Refugee Studies. 4:1991;21-38.
40. Knudsen, J. C. (1995) When trust is on trial: negotiating refugee narratives. In Mistrusting Refugees, eds. E.V. Daniel and J. C. Knudsen. University of California Press, Berkeley.
41. Kopytoff I. Ancestors as elders in africa. Africa. 41:1971;127-141.
42. Lambek M. Spirit possession/spirit succession: aspects of social continuity among Malagasy speakers in Mayotte. American Ethnologist. 15:1988;710-731.
43. Lambek, M. (1993) Knowledge and Practice in Mayotte: Local Discourses of Islam, Sorcery, and Spirit Possession. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
44. Lan, D. (1985) Guns and Rain: Guerrillas and Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe. James Currey, London.
45. Leavitt J. Meaning and feeling in the anthropology of emotions. American Ethnologist. 23:1996;514-539.
46. Lewis, I. M. (1989) Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Spirit Possession and Shamanism. 2nd Edition. Routledge, London.
47. Macksoud M. S. Assessing war trauma in children: a case study of Lebanese children. Journal of Refugee Studies. 5:1992;1-15.
48. Marwick, M. G. (1965) Sorcery in Its Social Setting. Manchester University Press, Manchester.
49. McCall J. C. Rethinking ancestors in Africa. Africa. 65:1995;256-270.
50. Messing S. D. Group therapy and social status in the Zar cult of Ethiopia. American Anthropologist. 60:1958;1120-1126.
51. Minter, W. (1989) The Mozambican National Resistance (Renamo) as Described by Ex-Participants. Research report submitted to Ford Foundation and Swedish International Development Agency.
52. Minter, W. (1994) Apartheid's Contras: An Inquiry into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg.
53. Morgan G. Violence in Mozambique: towards an understanding of Renamo. Journal of Modern African Studies. 28:1990;603-619.
54. Morris B. Woodland and village: reflections on the "animal estate" in rural Malawi. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N. S.). 1:1995;301-315.
55. Nordstrom, C. (1992) The backyard front. In The Paths to Domination, Resistance, and Terror, eds. C. Nordstrom and J. Martin. University of California Press, Berkeley.
56. Prince R. The problem of "spirit possession" as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. Ethos. 2:1974;315-333.
57. Reddy W. M. Against constructionism: the historical ethnography of emotions. Current Anthropology. 38:1997;327-351.
58. Reynolds P. Children of tribulation: the need to heal and the means to heal war trauma. Africa. 60:1990;1-38.
59. Riesman P. The person and the life cycle in African social life and thought. African Studies Review. 29:1986;71-137.
60. Sharp, L. (1993) The Possessed and the Dispossessed: Spirits, Identity, and Power in a Madagascar Migrant Town. University of California Press, Berkeley.
61. Sharp L. Exorcists, psychiatrists, and the problems of possession in northwest Madagascar. Social Science and Medicine. 38:1994;525-542.
62. Strathern, A. (1995) Trance and the theory of healing: sociogenic and psychogenic components of consciousness. In Questions of Consciousness, eds. A. P. Cohen and N. Rapport. Routledge, London.
63. Taussig, M. (1993) Mimesis and Alterity: A Particular History of the Senses. Routledge, London.
64. Turner, B. S. (1984) The Body and Society: Explorations in Social Theory. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
65. Turner, S. (1995) Torture, refuge, and trust. In Mistrusting Refugees, eds. E. V. Daniel and J. C. Knudsen. University of California Press, Berkeley.
66. van Velsen, J. (1964) The Politics of Kinship. A Study in Social Manipulation among the Lakeside Tonga of Malawi. Manchester University Press, Manchester.
67. Ward, C. A. (1989) Possession and exorcism: psychopathology and psychotherapy in a magico-religious context. In Altered States of Consciousness and Mental Health: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, ed. C. A. Ward. Sage, London.
68. Werbner, R. (1991) Tears of the Dead: The Social Biography of an African Family. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
69. Willoughby, W. C. (1970) The Soul of the Bantu. 2nd Edition. Negro Universities Press, Connecticut.
70. Wilson P. Status ambiguity and spirit possession. Man (N.S.). 2:1967;366-378.
71. Wilson, K. B. (1992a) Internally Displaced, Refugees and Returnees from and in Mozambique. SIDA, Stockholm.
72. Wilson K. B. Cults of violence and counter-Violence in Mozambique. Journal of Southern African Studies. 18:1992;527-582.
73. Wilson, K. B. and Nunes, J. (1994) Repatriation to Mozambique: refugee initiative and agency planning in Milange district 1988-1991. In When Refugees Go Home, eds. T. Allen and H. Morsink. James Currey, London.