The structure of emotions during acute myocardial infarction: A model of coping

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 1099-1110

  Alonzo, Angelo A ^a   Reynolds, Nancy R ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute myocardial infarction; Care seeking; Coping; Thrombolytic therapy

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ALEXITHYMIA; ANXIETY; AROUSAL; COPING BEHAVIOR; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; EMOTION; HUMAN; MEDICAL CARE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; REVIEW; RISK; SKILL; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SUDDEN DEATH; SYMPTOM; TIME;

EID: 0032079663     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)10040-5     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Alonzo A. A. Everyday illness behavior: A situational approach to health status deviations. Social Science and Medicine. 13A:1979;397-402.
2. Alonzo A. A. Acute illness behavior: A conceptual exploration and specification. Social Science and Medicine. 14A:1980;515-526.
3. Alonzo A. A. Health behavior: Issues, contradictions and dilemmas. Social Science and Medicine. 37:1993;1019-1934.
4. American Heart Association (1992) Heart attack. Pamphlet.
5. Ball D. W. The definition of the situation: Some theoretical and methodological consequences of taking W. I. Thomas seriously. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior. 2:1972;61-82.
6. Berger P. B., Bell M. R., Holmes D. R.et al. Time to reperfusion with direct coronary angioplasty and thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 73:1994;231-236.
7. Bigger J. T. Jr., Heller C. A., Wenger T. L., Weld F. M. Risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 42:1978;202-210.
8. Bishop G. D. Lay conceptions of physical symptoms. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 17:1987;127-146.
9. Bishop G. D., Converse S. A. Illness representations: A prototype approach. Health Psychology. 5:1986;95-114.
10. Bleeker J. K., Simoons M. L., Erdman R. A. M., Leenders C. M., Kruyssen H. A. C. M., Lamers L. M., Van Der Does E. Patient and doctor delay in acute myocardial infarction: A study of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. British Journal of General Practice. 45:1995;181-184.
11. Blumer H. (1969) Symbolic Interaction: Perspective and Method. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
12. Burnett R. E., Blumenthal J. A., Mark D. B., Leimberger J. D., Califf R. M. Distinguishing between early and late responders to symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 75:1995;1019-1022.
13. Bury G., Murphy A. W., Power R., Daly S., Mehigan C., Walsh J. P. Awareness of heart attack signals and cardiac risk markers amongst the general public in Dublin. Irish Medical Journal. 85:1992;90-91.
14. Cole P. L. Thrombolytic therapy: Then and now. Heart and Lung. 20:1991;542-551.
15. Cook G. A. (1993) George Herbert Mead: The Making of a Social Pragmatist. University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago.
16. Criqui M. H., Langer R. D., Fronek A.et al. Mortality over a period of 10 yr in patients with peripheral arterial disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 326:1992;381-386.
17. Croyle R. T., Ditto P. H. Illness cognition and behavior: An experimental approach. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 13:1990;31-52.
18. DeBusk R. F., Houston N., Haskell W. L., Fry G., Parker M. Exercise training soon after myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology. 44:1979;1223-1229.
19. Dracup K., Moser D. K. Treatment-seeking behavior among those with signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Heart and Lung. 20(2):1991;570-575.
20. Dracup K., Moser D. K., Eisenberg M., Meischke H., Alonzo A. A., Braslow A. Causes of delay in seeking treatment for heart attack symptoms. Social Science and Medicine. 40:1995;379-392.
21. Dubos R. (1959) The Mirage of Health. Harper and Row, New York.
22. Esteve L. G., Valdes M., Riesco N., Jodar I., de Flores T. Denial mechanisms in myocardial infarction: Their relations with psychological variables and short-term outcome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 36:1992;491-496.
23. Faller H. Coping with myocardial infarction: A cognitive-emotional perspective. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 54:1990;8-17.
24. Fielding R. Depression and acute myocardial infarction: A review and reinterpretation. Social Science and Medicine. 32:1991;1017-1027.
25. Flowers B. J. The cardiac denial of impact scale: A brief, self-report research measure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 36:1992;469-475.
26. Frank, A. (1991) At the will of the body: Reflections on illness. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
27. Franks D. D. and Grecas V. (1992) Social Perspectives On Emotion. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
28. Franks D. D. and McCarthy E. D. (eds.) (1989) The Sociology of Emotions: Original Essays and Research Papers. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
29. Frasure-Smith N., Lesperance F., Talajic M. Depression following myocardial infarction: Impact on 6-month survival. Journal of the American Medical Association. 270:1993;1819-1825.
30. Fullilove M. T., Lown A., Fullilove R. E. Crack 'hos and skeezers: Traumatic experiences of women crack users. The Journal of Sex Research. 29:1992;275-287.
31. Geyer S., Broer M., Haltenhof H., Karl E., et al. The evaluation of life event data. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 38:1994;823-835.
32. Gilchrist I. C. Patient delay before treatment of myocardial infarction. British Medical Journal. 1:1973;535-537.
33. Gillum R. F., Feinlieb M., Margolis J. R., Fabsitz R. R., Brasch R. C. Delay in the prehospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. Archives of Internal Medicine. 136:1976;649-654.
34. GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per Lo Studio Della Streptochinasi Nell'infarto Miocardico) (1986) Effectivensss of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in myocardial infarction. Lancet 1, 397-401.
35. GISSI-2 (Gruppo Italiano per Lo Studio Della Streptochinasi Nellinfarto Miocardico) (1992) Six-month survival in 20 891 patients with acute myocardial infarction randomized between alteplase and streptokinase with or without heparin. European Heart Journal 13, 1692-1697.
36. Goldberger L. (1983) The concept and mechanisms of denial: A selective overview. In The Denial of Stress, ed. S. Breznitz. International University Press, New York.
37. Gordon S. L. (1981) Sociology of sentiments and emotion. In Social Psychology Sociological Perspectives, ed. M. Rosenberg, R. H. Turner, pp. 562-592. Basic, New York.
38. Hackett T. P., Cassem N. H. Factors contributing to delay in responding to the signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 24:1969;651-658.
39. Hanson R. The psychological impact of sexual assault on women and children: A review. Annals of Sex Research. 3:1990;187-232.
40. Hartford M., Herlitz J., Karlson B. W., Risenfors M. Components of delay time in suspected acute myocardial infarction with particular emphasis on delay. Journal of Internal Medicine. 228:1990;519-523.
41. Hartford M., Karlson B. W., Sjölin M., Holmberg S., Herlitz J. Symptoms, thoughts and environmental factors in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Heart and Lung. 22:1993;64-70.
42. Havik O. D., Maeland J. G. Verbal denial and outcome in myocardial infarction patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 32:1988;145-157.
43. Heise D. Effects of emotion displays on social identification. Social Psychology Quarterly. 52:1989;10-21.
44. Hochschild A. R. (1990) Ideology and emotion management: A perspective and path for future research. In Research Agendas in The Sociology of Emotions, ed. T. Kemper. SUNY Press, Albany, NY.
45. Hofgren K., Bondestam E., Johansson F. G., Jern S., Herlitz J., Holmberg S. Initial pain course and delay to hospital admission in relation to myocardial infarction size. Heart Lung. 17:1988;274-280.
46. Honan M. B., Harrell F. E., Reimer K. A., Califf R. M., Mark D. B., Pryor D. B., Hlatky M. A. Cardiac rupture, mortality and the timing of thrombolytic therapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 16:1990;359-367.
47. Horowitz M., Wilner N., Alvarez W. Impact of event scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine. 41:1979;209-218.
48. Hyer L., Woods M. G., Boudewyns P. A. PTSD and alexithymia: Importance of emotional clarification in treatment. Psychotherapy. 28:1991;129-139.
49. Izard C. Four systems for emotional activation: Cognitive and noncognitive processes. Psychological Review. 100:1993;68-90.
50. Johnson J. A., King K. B. Influence of expectations about symptoms on delay in seeking treatment during a myocardial infarction. American Journal of Critical Care. 4:1995;29-35.
51. Kemper T. Social constructionist and positivist approaches to the sociology of emotions. American Journal of Sociology. 87:1981;336-360.
52. Kennedy J. W., Weaver W. D. The potential for prehospital thrombolytic therapy. Clinical Cardiology. 13(VIII):1990;23-26.
53. Kennedy J. W. and Weaver W. D. (1991) Present and future prehospital management of acute myocardial infarction. Proceedings of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Symposium on Rapid Identification and Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
54. Kenyon L. W., Ketterer M. W., Gheorghiade M., Goldstein S. Psychological factors related to prehospital delay during acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 84:1991;1969-1976.
55. Kolitz S. L., Antoni M. H., Green C. J. Personality style and immediate help-seeking responses following the onset of myocardial infarction. Psychology and Health. 2:1988;259-289.
56. Kuller, L. 1991. Magnitude of the problem. Proceedings of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Symposium on Rapid Identification and Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
57. Kutz I., Garb R., David D. Posttraumatic stress disorder following myocardial infarction. General Hospital Psychiatry. 10:1988;169-176.
58. Kutz I., Shabiai H., Solomon Z., Neumann M.et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in myocardial infarction patients: Prevalence study. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences. 31:1994;48-56.
59. Lau R. R., Hartman K. A. Common sense representations of common illnesses. Health Psychology. 2:1983;167-185.
60. Lazarus R. Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition. American Psychologist. 37:1982;1019-1024.
61. Lazarus R. S. and Folkman S. (1984) Stress, Appraisal and Coping. Springer Publishing Company, New York.
62. Leitch J. W., Birbara T., Freedman B., Wilcox I., Harris P. J. Factors influencing the time from onset of chest pain to arrival at the hospital. Medical Journal of Australia. 150:1989;6-8.
63. Lesser I. M. A review of the alexithymia concept. Psychosomatic Medicine. 43:1981;531-543.
64. Leventhal H. Toward a comprehensive theory of emotion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 13:1980;139-207.
65. Leventhal H., Cameron L. Behavioral theories and the problem of compliance. Patient Education and Counseling. 10:1987;117-138.
66. Leventhal H., Tomarken A. J. Emotion: Today's problems. Annual Review of Psychology. 37:1986;565-610.
67. Litz B., Keane T. Information processing in anxiety disorders: Application to the understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review. 9:1989;243-257.
68. MacKinnon N. J. (1994) Symbolic Interactionism As Affect Control. State University of New York Press, Albany.
69. Matthews K. A., Siegel J. M., Kuller L. H., Thompson M., Varat M. Determinants of decisions to seek medical treatment by patients with acute myocardial infarction symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44:1983;1144-1156.
70. Maynard C., Alhouse R., Olsufka M., et al. Early versus late hospital arrival for acute myocardial infarction in the western Washington thrombolytic therapy trials. American Journal of Cardiology. 63:1989;1296-1300.
71. Maynard C., Litwin P. E., Martin J. S., Cerqueira M., Kudenchuk P. J., Ho M. T., Kennedy J. W., Cobb L. A., Shaeffer S. M., Hallstrom A. P., Weaver W. D. Characteristics of black patients admitted to coronary care units in metropolitan Seattle: Results from the myocardial infarction triage and intervention registry (MITI). The American Journal of Cardiology. 67:1991;18-23.
72. Mead G. H. (1938) The Philosophy of the Act. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
73. Meischke H., Ho M. T., Eisenberg M. S., Schaeffer S. M., Larsen M. P. Reasons patients with chest pain delay or do not call 911. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 25:1995;193-197.
74. Mishel M. H. Uncertainty in illness. Images. 20:1988;225-232.
75. More R. S., Vincent R. Intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 68:1992;800-803.
76. Natanson M. (1956) The Social Dynamics of George H. Mead. Public Affairs Press, Washington, DC.
77. National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordination Committee, 60 min to Treatment Working Group (1994) Emergency department: Rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Annals of Emergency Medicine 23, 311-329.
78. Nolan P. N., Wielgosz A. T. Assessing adaptive and maladaptive coping in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 14:1991;111-124.
79. Pepine C. J. The importance of timing of thrombolytic therapy as shown in clinical trials. Clinical Cardiology. 13:1990;12-17.
80. Pearlin L. I., Schooler C. The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 19:1978;2-21.
81. Rapaport E. Early verses late opening of coronary arteries: The effect of timing. Clinical Cardiology. 13:1990;18-22.
82. Reck, A. J. (1964) Selected Writings: George Herbert Mead. The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis.
83. Reeve J., Cole S. Theory development in intrinsic motivation research. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality. 2:1987;279-290.
84. Restieaux N., Bray C., Bullard H., Murray M., Robinson J., Brigden W., McDonald L. 150 patients with cardiac infarction treated in a coronary unit. Lancet. 7503:1967;1285-1289.
85. Ridker P. M., Manson J. E., Goldhaber S. Z., Hennekens C. H., Buring J. E. Comparison of delay times to hospital presentation for physicians and nonphysicians with acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology. 70:1992;10-13.
86. Robinson D., Smith-Lovin L. Selective interaction as a strategy for identity maintenance: An affect control model. Social Psychology Quarterly. 55:1992;12-28.
87. Roth A., Herling M., Vishlitzki V. The impact of "Shahal" (a new cardiac emergency service) on subscribers' requests for medical assistance: characteristics and distribution of calls. European Heart Journal. 16:1995;129-133.
88. Safran J. and Greenberg L. (1991) Emotion, Psychotherapy, and Change. The Guilford Press, New York.
89. Scherck K A. Coping with acute myocardial infarction. Heart and Lung. 21:1992;327-334.
90. Sobel B. E., Collen D. Strokes, statistics and sophistry in trials of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology. 71:1993;424-427.
91. Smith-Lovin L. (1990) Emotion as the confirmation and disconfirmation of identity: An affect control model. In Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, ed. T. Kemper. SUNY Press, Albany, NY.
92. Taylor G. J., Bagby R. M., Parker J. D. A. The alexithymia construct: A potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics. 32:1991;153-164.
93. Taylor S. E., Buunk B. P., Aspinwall L. G. Social comparison, stress and coping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 16:1990;74-89.
94. Theisen M. E., MacNeill S. E., Lumley M. A., Ketterer M. W., Goldberg A. D., Borzak S. Psychosocial factors related to unrecognized acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology. 75:1995;1211-1213.
95. Thomas W. I. (1923) The Unadjusted Girl. Little, Brown and Company, Boston.
96. Tiefenbrunn A. J., Sobel B. E. Timing of coronary recanalization. Circulation. 85:1992;2311-2315.
97. Milis Study Group, Turi Z.G., Stone P.H., Muller J.E., Parker C., Rude R.E., Raabe D.E., Jaffe A.S., Hartwell T.D., Robertson T.L., Braunwald E. Implications for acute intervention related to time of hospital arrival in acute myocardial infraction. American Journal of Cardiology. 58:1986;203-209.
98. Turner R. J., Lloyd D. A. Lifetime traumas and mental health: The significance of cumulative adversity. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 36:1995;360-376.
99. Yu P. N. Prehospital care of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 45:1972;189-203.
100. Vaitkus P. T., Berlin J. A., Schwartz J. S., Barnathan E. S. Stroke complicating acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis of risk modification by anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy. Archives of Internal Medicine. 152:1992;2020-2024.
101. von Rad M. Alexithymia and symptom formation. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 42:1984;80-89.
102. Wallbridge D. R., Tweddel A. C., Martin W., Cobbe S. M. The potential impact of patient self-referral on mortality in acute myocardial infarction. Quarterly Journal of Medicine. 85(New Series):1992;901-909.
103. Weaver W. D., Cerqueira M., Hallstrom A. P.et al. Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy. The myocardial infarction triage and intervention trial. Journal of the American Medical Association. 270:1993;1211-1216.
104. Weinstein N. D. The precaution adoption process. Health Psychology. 7:1988;355-386.
105. White C. W., Albanese M. A. Changes in cardiovascular health knowledge occurring from childhood to adulthood. Circulation. 63:1981;1110-1115.
106. Wielgosz A. T. J., Nolan R. P., Earp J. A., Biro E., Wielgosz M. B. Reasons for patient's delay in response to symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. CMAJ. 139:1988;853-857.
107. Wielgosz A. T. J., Nolan R. P. Understanding delay in response to symptoms of acute myocardial infarction: A compelling agenda. Circulation. 84:1991;2193-2195.
108. Wilson J. P. A comparative analysis of posttraumatic stress syndrome among individuals exposed to different stressor events. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare. 11:1984;793-825.
109. Zajonc R. Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist. 35:1980;151-175.
110. Zeitlin S. B., McNally R. J., Cassidy K. L. Alexithymia in victims of sexual assault: An effect of repeated traumatization? American Journal of Psychiatry. 150:1993;661-663.