Lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis block sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex produced by repeated stress, but not fear- potentiated startle

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 625-648

  Gewirtz, Jonathan C ^a,b   McNish, Kenneth A ^a   Davis, Michael ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Yale University School of Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

Amygdala; Anxiety; Bed nucleus; Conditioning; Fear; Freezing; Sensitization; Startle; Stress; Stria terminalis

Indexed keywords

AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; CONDITIONED REFLEX; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEAR; HISTOPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; RAT; SENSITIZATION; SHOCK; STARTLE REFLEX; STRESS; STRIA TERMINALIS;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; AMYGDALA; ANIMALS; CONDITIONING, OPERANT; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; FEAR; MALE; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; STARTLE REACTION;

EID: 0032077699     PISSN: 02785846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0278-5846(98)00028-1     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. ALHEID, G. F., DE OLMOS, J. AND BELTRAMINO, C. A. (1995) Amygdala and extended amygdala. In: The rat nervous system, G. Paxinos (Ed.), pp 495-578, Academic Press, San Diego.
2. CAMPEAU, S., HAYWARD, M. D., HOPE, B. T., ROSEN, J. B., NESTLER, E. J. AND DAVIS, M. (1991) Induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene in the rat amygdala during unconditioned and conditioned fear. Brain Res. 565: 349-352.
3. CASSELLA, J. V. AND DAVIS, M. (1986) The design and calibration of a startle measurement system. Physiol. Behav. 36: 377-383.
4. DARNELL, A., BREMER, J. D., LICINO, J., CRYSTAL, J., NEMEROFF, C. B., OWENS, M., ERDOS, J. AND CHARNEY, D. S. (1994) CSF levels of corticotropin releasing factor in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 20: 17.
5. DAVIS, M. (1989) Sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex by footshock. Behav. Neurosci. 103: 495-503.
6. DAVIS, M. (1992) The role of the amygdala in conditioned fear. In: The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory and mental dysfunction, J. P. Aggleton (Ed.), pp 255-305, Wiley-Liss, New York.
7. DAVIS, M., GEWIRTZ, J. C., MCNISH, K. A. AND KIM, M. (1995) The roles of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in the acquisition of fear potentiated startle using both explicit and contextual cues. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 21: 1224.
8. GEWIRTZ, J. C., FALLS, W. A. AND DAVIS, M. (1997) Normal conditioned inhibition and extinction of freezing and fear-potentiated startle following electrolytic lesions of medial prefrontal cortex in rats. Behav. Neurosci. 111: 712-726.
9. GRAY, T. S., PIECHOWSKI, R. A., YRACHETA, J. M., RITTENHOUSE, P. A., BETHEA, C. L. AND VAN DE KAR, L. D. (1993) Ibotenic acid lesions in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis attenuate conditioned stress-induced increases in prolactin, ACTH and corticosterone. Neuroendocrinology. 57: 517-524.
10. HITCHCOCK, J. M. AND DAVIS, M. (1991) Efferent pathway of the amygdala involved in conditioned fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Behav. Neurosci. 105: 826-842.
11. HITCHCOCK, J. M., SANANES, C. B. AND DAVIS, M. (1989) Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blocked by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem. Behav. Neurosci. 103: 509-518.
12. JU, G. AND SWANSON, L. W. (1989) Studies on the cellular architecture of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat: I. Cytoarchitecture. J. Comp. Neurol. 280: 587-602.
13. KAPP, B. S., PASCOE, J. P. AND BIXLER, M. A. (1984) The amygdala: A neuroanatomical systems approach to its contribution to aversive conditioning. In: The Neuropsychology of Memory, N. Butters and L. S. Squire (Ed.), pp 473-488, Guilford Press, New York.
14. KIERNAN, M. J., WESTBROOK, R. F. AND CRANNEY, J. (1995) Immediate shock, passive avoidance, and potentiated startle: Implications for the unconditioned response to shock. Animal Learn. Behav. 23: 222-30.
15. KIM, M. AND DAVIS, M. (1993) Electrolytic lesions of the amygdala block acquisition and expression of fear-potentiated startle even with extensive training but do not prevent reacquisition. Behav. Neurosci. 107: 580-595.
16. LEATON, R. N. AND CRANNEY, J. (1990) Potentiation of the acoustic startle response by a conditioned stimulus paired with acoustic startle stimulus in rats. J. Exp. Psychol.: Animal Behav. Process. 16: 279-287.
17. LEDOUX, J. E. (1992) Emotion and the amygdala. In: The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction, J. P. Aggleton (Ed.), pp 339-351, Wiley-Liss, New York.
18. LEDOUX, J. E., IWATA, J., CICCHETTI, P. AND REIS, D. J. (1988) Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. J. Neurosci. 8: 2517-2529.
19. LEE, Y. AND DAVIS, M. (1997) Role of the hippocampus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the amygdala in the excitatory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on the acoustic startle reflex. J. Neurosci. 17: 6434-6446.
20. MARLIN, N. A. (1981) Contextual associations in trace conditioning. Animal Learn. Behav. 9: 519-523.
21. MCGAUGH, J. L., INTROINI-COLLISON, I. B., CAHILL, L., KIM, M. AND LIANG, K. C. (1992) Involvement of the amygdala in neuromodulatory influences on memory storage. In: The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction, J. P. Aggleton (Ed.), pp 431-451, Wiley-Liss, New York.
22. MCNISH, K. A., GEWIRTZ, J. C. AND DAVIS, M. (1997) Evidence of contextual fear following lesions of the hippocampus: A disruption of freezing but not fear-potentiated startle. J. Neurosci. 17: 9353-9360.
23. NEMEROFF, C. B., WISWELOV, E., BISSETTE, G., WALLEUS, H., KARLSSON, I., EKLUND, K., KILTS, C. D., LOOSEN, R. T. AND VALE, W. (1984) Elevated concentration of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients. Science. 226: 1342-1343.
24. PAXINOS, G. AND WATSON, C. (1986) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, Academic Press, Sydney.
25. SERVATIUS, R. J., OTTENWELLER, J. E. AND NATELSON, B. H. (1995) Delayed startle sensitization distinguishes rats exposed to one or three stress sessions: Further evidence toward an animal model of PTSD. Biol. Psychiat. 38: 539-546.
26. SHI, C. (1995) The anatomical substrates underlying the role of the amygdala in associative learning. Ph.D. dissertation thesis, University of Iowa.
27. WALKER, D. L. AND DAVIS, M. (1997) Anxiogenic effects of high illumination levels assessed with the acoustic startle response. Biol. Psychiat. 42: 461-471.
28. WALKER, D. L. AND DAVIS, M. (1997) Double dissociation between the involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the central nucleus of the amygdala in startle increases produced by conditioned versus unconditioned fear. J. Neurosci. 17: 9375-9383.