Computational complexity of a fast viterbi decoding algorithm for stochastic letter-phoneme transduction

IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 217-225

  Luk, Robert W P ^a   Damper, Robert I ^b,c  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Finite state automata; Letter to phoneme conversion; Stochastic transduction; Viterbi algorithm

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; DECODING; DESIGN; SPEECH;

LETTER-TO-PHONEME TRANSDUCTION;

SPEECH PROCESSING;

EID: 0032075134     PISSN: 10636676     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/89.668816     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. [I] J. M. Lucassen and R. L. Mercer, "An information theoretic approach to the automatic determination of phonemic baseforms," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, San Diego, ÇA, I984, pp. 42.5.1-42.5.4.
2. T. J. Sejnowski and C. R. Rosenberg, "Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text," Complex Syst., vol. 1, pp. 145-152, 1987.
3. S. H. Parfitt and R. A. Sharman, "A bi-directional model of English pronunciation," in Proc. Eurospeech'9I, 2nd European Conf. Speech Communication and Technology, Genoa, Italy, vol. 2, pp. 801-804.
4. R. I. Damper, "Self-learning and connectionist approaches to textphoneme conversion," in Connectionist Models of Language and Memory, J. Levy, D. Bairaktaris, J. Bullinaria, and P. Cairns, Eds. London, U.K.: UCL, 1995, pp. 117-144.
5. R. W. P. Luk and R. I. Damper, "Stochastic transduction for English text-to-phoneme conversion," in Proc. Eurospeech'91, 2nd European Conf. Speech Communication and Technology, Genoa, Italy, vol. 2, pp. 779-782.
6. R. W. P. Luk, "Stochastic transduction for English grapheme-tophoneme conversion," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Electron. Comput. Sei., Univ. Southampton, U.K., 1992.
7. R. W. P. Luk and R. I. Damper, "Stochastic phonographic transduction for English," Comput. Speech Lang., vol. 10, pp. 133-153, 1996.
8. R. I. Damper and J. F. G. Eastmond, "Pronunciation by analogy: Impact of implementational choices on performance," Lang. Speech, vol. 40, pp. 1-23, 1997.
9. R. I. Damper and K. Gustafson, "Evaluating the pronunciation component of a text-to-speech system," in UK Speech and Language Technology (SALT) Workshop on Evaluation in Speech and Language Technology, Sheffield, U.K., July 1997, pp. 72-79.
10. W. A. Ainsworth, "A system for converting English text into speech," IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust., vol. AU-21, pp. 288-290, 1973.
11. H. S. Elovitz, R. Johnson, A. McHugh, and J. E. Shore, "Letter-to-sound rules for automatic translation of English text to phonetics," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-24, pp. 446-459, 1976.
12. S. Hunnicutt, "Grapheme-to-phoneme rules: A review," Speech Transmission Lab. Quart. Progress Status Rep., R. Inst. Technol. (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, vol. STL-QPSR 2-3/1980, pp. 38-60, 1980.
13. F. Jelinek," "Fast sequential decoding algorithm using a stack," IBM J. Res. Dev., vol. 13, pp. 675-685, 1969.
14. N. J. Nilsson, Problem-Solving Methods in Artificial Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hilj, 1971.
15. B. D. Paul, "Algorithms for an optimal A search and linearizing the search in the stack decoder," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Toronto, Ont., Canada, 1991, vol. 1, pp. 693-696.
16. S. M. Lucas and R. I. Damper, "Syntactic neural networks for bidirectional text-phonetics translation," in Talking Machines: Tlieories, Models and Applications, G. Bailly and C. Benoît, Eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1992, pp. 127-141.
17. K. P. H. Sullivan and R. I. Damper, "Novel-word pronunciation: A cross-language study," Speech Commun., vol. 13, pp. 441-452, 1993.
18. S. M. Lucas, private communication.
19. A. J. Viterbi, "Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-13, pp. 260-269, 1967.
20. G. D. Forney, Jr., "The Viterbi algorithm," Proc. IEEE, vol. 61, pp. 268-278, 1973.
21. N. Abramson, Information Theory and Coding. New York: McGraw Hill, 1963.
22. R. W. P. Luk and R. I. Damper, "A modification of the Viterbi algorithm for stochastic phonographic transduction," in Proc. Int. Conf. Spoken Language Processing, Banff, Alta., Canada, 1992, vol. 2, pp. 855-858.
23. J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman, Introduction to Automata, Languages and Compulation. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979.
24. A. V. Aho, R. Sethi, and J. D. Ullman, Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1986.
25. E Fredkin, 'Trie memory," Commun. ACM. vol. 3, pp. 490-500, 1960.
26. A. V. Aho and M. J. Corasick, "Efficient string matching: An aid to bibliographic search," Commun. ACM, vol. 18, pp. 333-340, 1975.
27. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English, Electronic Handbook, 3rd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ.. Press, 1989.
28. S. G. C. Lawrence and G. Kaye, "Alignment of phonemes with their corresponding orthography," Comput. Speech Lang., vol. 1, pp. 153-165, 1986.
29. R. W. P. Luk and R. I. Damper, "Inference of letter-phoneme correspondences by delimiting and dynamic time warping techniques," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, San Francisco, CA, 1992, vol. 2, pp. H.61-H.64.
30. -, "Inference of letter-phoneme correspondences using generalized stochastic transducers," in Proc. ICSP/IEEE Int. Conf. Signal Processing, Beijing, China, 1993, vol. 1, pp. 650-653.
31. -, "Experiments with silent-e and affix correspondences in stochastic phonographic transduction," in Proc. Eurospeech'93, 3rdEurop. Conf. Speech Communication and Technology; Berlin, Germany, vol. 2, pp. 917-920.
32. Minitab Reference Manual: Release 9for Windan-s. State College, PA: Minitab Inc., 1993.