Signal-induced refractive index changes in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 542-548

  Janos, Mark ^a,b,c,d   Guy, Stephen C ^a,b,d,e  

^a IEEE

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^e TELSTRA RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Erbium materials devices; Optical fiber measurements

Indexed keywords

LIGHT ABSORPTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS; OPTICAL FIBERS; OPTICAL GLASS; OPTICAL PUMPING; OPTICAL RESOLVING POWER; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS;

ALUMINOSILICATE ERBIUM DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS (EDFA); KRAMERS KRONIG TRANSFORMS; SIGNAL INDUCED REFRACTIVE INDEX;

FIBER LASERS;

EID: 0032049965     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/50.664061     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. R. A. Betts, T. Tjugiarto, Y. L. Xue, and P. L. Chu, "Nonlinear refractive index in erbium-doped optical fiber: Theory and experiment," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 27, pp. 908-913, Apr. 1991.
2. R. H. Pantell, R. W. Sadowski, M. J. F. Digonnet, and H. J. Shaw, "Laser diode pumped nonlinear switch in erbium-doped fiber," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, no. 14, pp. 1026-1028, 1992.
3. 3+-doped nonlinear waveguides," Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 232-233, Feb. 1994.
4. Y. T. Chieng, G. J. Cowle, and R. A. Minasian, "Optically amplitude-stabilised tunable erbium-doped laser with <20 ms tuning speed," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1451-1452, 1995.
5. S. J. Frisken, "Transient Bragg reflection gratings in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," Opt. Lett., vol. 17, no. 24, pp. 1776-1778, 1995.
6. B. Fischer, J. L. Zyskind, J. W. Sulhoff, and D. J. DiGiovanni, "Nonlinear wave mixing and induced gratings in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," Opt. Lett., vol. 28, no. 24, pp. 2108-2110, 1993.
7. M. Janos and R. A. Minasian, "Novel technique for measurement of pump induced refractive index changes in erbium-doped optical fiber," Electron. Lett., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 78-80, 1997.
8. S. C. Fleming and T. J. Whitley, "Measurement and analysis of pump-dependent refractive index and dispersion effects in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1113-1121, 1996.
9. 3+-doped fibers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 14, pp. 732-738, May 1996.
10. E. Desurvire, "Study of the complex atomic susceptibility of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1517-1526, 1990.
11. Y. L. Xue, P. L. Chu, and W. Zhang, "Resonance-enhanced refractive index and its dynamics in rare-earth-doped-fibers," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1840-1847, 1993.
12. R. H. Pantell, M. J. F. Digonnet, R. W. Sadowski, and H. J. Shaw, "Analysis of nonlinear optical switching in an erbium-doped fiber," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 11, pp. 1416-1424, Sept. 1993.
13. P. L. Chu and Y. L. Xue, "Nonlinear effects in erbium doped fibers," Int. J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 401-413, 1993.
14. R. W. Sadowski, M. J. F. Digonnet, R. H. Pantell, and H. J. Shaw, "Resonantly-enhanced nonlinear optical switching in rare-earth doped fibers," in Proc. SPIE Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers, 1992, vol. 1789, pp. 98-111.
15. A. Yariv, Quantum Electronics, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1989, ch. 8, pp. 158-161.
16. P. Yeh, Optical Waves in Layered Media. New York: Wiley, 1988, ch. 2.4, pp. 44-50.
17. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1991, Sect. 5.5, p. 181.
18. E. Desurvire, J. W. Sulhoff, J. L. Zyskind, and J. R. Simpson, "Study of the spectral dependence of gain saturation and effect of inhomogeneous broadening in erbium doped aluminosilicate fiber amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 653-655, Sept. 1990.
19. A. Yariv, Optical Electronics, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1989, ch. 5.5, pp. 165-172.
20. E. Desurvire, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications. New York: Wiley, 1994, ch. 1.5, pp. 17-19.
21. W. Chow, G. Dente, and D. Depatie, "Saturation effects in the carrier-induced refractive index in a semiconductor gain medium," Opt. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 25-27, 1987.
22. K. A. Shore and D. A. S Chan, "Kramers-Kronig relations for nonlinear optics," Electron. Lett., vol. 26, no. 15, pp. 1206-1207, 1990.
23. E. Desurvire, J. L. Zyskind, and J. R. Simpson, "Spectral gain hole-burning at 1.53 mm in erbium doped fiber amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 246-248, Apr. 1990.
24. M. Tachibana, R. I. Laming, P. R. Morkel, and D. N. Payne, "Gain cross saturation and spectral hole burning in wideband erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," Opt. Lett., vol. 16, no. 19, pp. 1499-1501, 1991.
25. A. K. Srivastava, J. L. Zyskind, J. W. Sulhoff, J. D. Evankow Jr., and M. A. Mills, "Room temperature spectral hole burning in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," in Proc. Optic. Fiber Commun. Conf. (OFC'96), San Jose Convention Center, San Jose, CA, Feb. 25-Mar. 1, paper TuG7, pp. 33-34.
26. W. M. Yen and P. M. Selzer, Eds., Laser Spectroscopy of Solids, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986, ch. 6.6.3, p. 233.
27. 2 core," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 869-871, Dec. 1990.
28. W. M. Yen and P. M. Selzer, Eds., Laser Spectroscopy of Solids, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986, ch. 7.1.1, p. 244.
29. S. C. Guy, R. A. Minasian, S. B. Poole, and M. G. Sceats, "Fluorescence line narrowing in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers," in Proc. Conf. Optic. Fiber Commun. (OFC'91), San Diego, CA, Feb. 18-22, 1991, paper FA2, p. 194.
30. R. M. Macfarlane and R. M. Shelby, "Homogeneous line broadening of optical transitions of ions and molecules in glasses," J. Lumin., vol. 36, pp. 179-207, 1987.
31. W. M. Yen and P. M. Selzer, Eds., Laser Spectroscopy of Solids, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986, ch. 1.6, pp. 20-22.
32. R. J. Bell, "The dynamics of disordered lattices," Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 35, pp. 1315-1409, 1972.
33. E. Desurvire, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications. New York: Wiley, 1994, ch. 4.4, p. 233.
34. 3+ doped glasses by Fluorescence line narrowing," in Proc. Soc. Photo-optical Instrument Eng. (SPIE): Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers, 1989, vol. 1171, pp. 219-236.
35. E. Desurvire, C. R. Giles, and J. R. Simpson, "Gain saturation effects in high-speed, multichannel erbium-doped fiber amplifiers at λ = 1.53 μm," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 7, pp. 2095-2104, Dec. 1989.