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G. Turrell and J. Corset, Raman Microscopy: Developments and Applications (Academic, New York, 1996); G. J. Puppels, M. Van Rooijen, C. Otto, and J. Greve, Fluorescent and Luminescent Probes for Biological Activity (Academic, New York, 1993), pp. 237-258; P. V. Huong, Vib. Spectrosc. 11, 17 (1996).
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Caulfield, H.J.2
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Lougnot, D.J.1
Jost, P.2
Lavielle, L.3
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17
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85034280084
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Echo Resins and Laboratory, Versailles, Missouri
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Echo Resins and Laboratory, Versailles, Missouri.
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18
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85034289785
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note
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This formulation is initially liquid. Solid photopolymer media are prepared by depositing the formulation between two glass plates separated by ∼ 100 μm Teflon™ spacers and are precured by exposure for 80 s to 547 nm light filtered from a Hg lamp. The precure strategy is discussed in Ref. 4(a). IR measurements show the polymer formulation is precured to ∼ 80% consumption of acrylate/vinyl groups.
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19
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85034298050
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note
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We bring 785 nm laser light to a diffraction limited spot of 0.6 μm using a 0.8 numerical aperture objective. The scattered light is collected by this same optic and focused at 88× magnification onto a 50 μm core fiber coupled to a 0.27 m monochrometer. The spectrum was dispersed by a 600 groove/mm grating and detected using a 330× 1100 liquid nitrogen cooled CCD camera. The spot size is confirmed by imaging reflected light from an e-beam written test pattern. The axial resolution is confirmed by scanning through the surface of a diamond.
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0030190271
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Markwort, L.1
Kip, B.2
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0030092316
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L. Markwort and B. Kip, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 61, 231 (1996); N. Everall, K. Davis, H. Owen, M. J. Pelletier, and J. Slater, Appl. Spectrosc. 50, 388 (1996).
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Everall, N.1
Davis, K.2
Owen, H.3
Pelletier, M.J.4
Slater, J.5
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22
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0001370633
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Lau, C.J.3
Treado, P.J.4
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23
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85034282128
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note
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-1 has higher signal to noise. For peak C, we subtract underlying peaks from IBA and VNA.
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24
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85034286770
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note
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NMR measurements show complete consumption of NVP into the matrix at 80% precure.
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25
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85034303979
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note
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We simulate the loss in contrast for sinusoidal gratings with the periods of holograms (I)-(IV) imaged by the Airy distribution of our diffraction limited spot. The loss in contrast ranges from 7% for grating (I) to 39% for grating (IV).
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26
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85034303164
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note
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VNA=1.63 is extrapolated from eleven samples of polymerized VNA/formulation varying the VNA volume fraction from 0 to 0.10.
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27
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85034305956
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note
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The components' concentration variations are expressed in terms of their volume fractions. Nonzero density modulations appear as a sum of volume fractions not equal to one. The modulation in a component's volume fraction represents the increase in the number of its molecules within the imaging volume. We normalize the components' volume fractions in each region to obtain the refractive index originating only from the photopolymer's composition without any density contributions. To calculate the density contributions to Δn we use the concentration modulations to calculate Δρ and apply the Lorentz-Lorenz relation to relate Δn to Δρ.
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0031143509
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R. A. Rupp, U. Hellwig, U. Schellhorn, J. Kohlbrecher, A. Weidenmann, and J. Woods, Polymer 38, 2299 (1997); R. A. Rupp, J. Hehmann, R. Matull, and K. Ibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 301 (1990); R. Matull, R. A. Rupp, J. Hehmann, and K. Ibel, Z. Phys. B 81, 365 (1990).
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Rupp, R.A.1
Hellwig, U.2
Schellhorn, U.3
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Weidenmann, A.5
Woods, J.6
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29
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3342920886
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R. A. Rupp, U. Hellwig, U. Schellhorn, J. Kohlbrecher, A. Weidenmann, and J. Woods, Polymer 38, 2299 (1997); R. A. Rupp, J. Hehmann, R. Matull, and K. Ibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 301 (1990); R. Matull, R. A. Rupp, J. Hehmann, and K. Ibel, Z. Phys. B 81, 365 (1990).
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R. A. Rupp, U. Hellwig, U. Schellhorn, J. Kohlbrecher, A. Weidenmann, and J. Woods, Polymer 38, 2299 (1997); R. A. Rupp, J. Hehmann, R. Matull, and K. Ibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 301 (1990); R. Matull, R. A. Rupp, J. Hehmann, and K. Ibel, Z. Phys. B 81, 365 (1990).
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31
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85034279225
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note
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-4 are reasonable; K. R. Amundson, private communication.
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32
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0016920585
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0242393773
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Karpov, G.M.1
Obukhovskii, V.V.2
Smirnova, T.N.3
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34
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0000246979
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G. M. Karpov, V. V. Obukhovskii, and T. N. Smirnova, Opt. Spectrosc. 81, 1033 (1996); G. M. Karpov, V. V. Obukhovskii, and T. N. Smirnova, and T. A. Sarbaev, ibid. 82, 145 (1997).
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Opt. Spectrosc.
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Karpov, G.M.1
Obukhovskii, V.V.2
Smirnova, T.N.3
Sarbaev, T.A.4
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