Hepatocarcinogenesis in liver cirrhosis: Imaging diagnosis

Journal of Korean Medical Science

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 103-116

  Choi, Byung Ihn ^a,b  

^a Seoul National University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Seoul National University Hospital   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Liver cirrhosis; Liver neoplasms; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tomography, X ray computed; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; METHODOLOGY; NOMENCLATURE; PATHOLOGY; PATIENT CARE; REVIEW;

CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PATIENT CARE MANAGEMENT; TERMINOLOGY;

EID: 0032042625     PISSN: 10118934     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1998.13.2.103     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Choi BI, Takayasu K, Han MC. Small hepatocellular carcinomas and associated nodular lesions of the liver: pathology, pathogenesis, and imaging findings. Am J Roentgenol 1993; 160: 1177-87.
2. Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S, Shimosato Y. Early stages of multistep hepato-carcinogenesis: adenomatous hyperplasia and early hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 1991; 22: 172-8.
3. Kondo F, Wada K, Nagato Y, Nakajima T, Kondo Y, Hiroka N, Ebara M, Ohto M, Okuda K. Biopsy diagnosis of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma based on new morphologic criteria. Hepatology 1989; 9: 751-5.
4. Matsui O, Kadoya M, Kameyama T, Yoshikawa J, Arai K, Gabata T, Takashima T, Nakanuma Y, Terada T, Ida M. Adenomatous hyperplastic nodules in the cirrhotic liver: differentiation from hepatocelluilar carcinoma with MR imaging. Radiology 1989; 173: 123-6.
5. Kanehara Shupan. The general rules for the clinical and pathological study of primary liver cancer. Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan 1992.
6. Kojiro M. Pathology. In: Livraghi T, Makuuchi M, Buscarini L, eds. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. London: Greenwich Medical Media, 1997: 37-50.
7. Kanai T, Hirohashi S, Upton MP, Noguchi M, Kishi K, Makuuchi M, Yamasaki S, Hasegawa H, Takayasu K, Moriyama N, Shimamoto Y. Pathology of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a proposal for a new gross classification. Cancer 1987; 60: 810-9.
8. Winter TC, Takayasu K, Muramatsu Y, Furukawa H, Wakao F, Koga H, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S, Freeny PC. Early advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of CT and MR appearance with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1994; 192: 379-86.
9. Matsui O, Kadoya M, Kameyama T, Kameyama T, Yoshikawa J, Takashima T, Nakanuma Y, Unoura M, Kobayashi K, Izumi R, Ida M. Benign and malignant nodules in cirrhotic livers: distinction based on blood supply. Radiology 1991; 178: 493-7.
10. Kojiro M. Pathology of the hepatocelluar carcinoma (in Japanese). J Med Imaging 1988; 8: 1258-65.
11. Edmondson HA, Peters RL. Liver. In: Kissane JM ed. Anderson's pathology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1988: 1110-27.
12. Kenmochi K, Sugihara S, Kojiro M. Relationship of histologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to tumor size and demonstration of tumor cells of multile different grades in single small HCC. Liver 1987; 7: 18-26.
13. Arakawa M, Sugihara S, Kenmochi K, Lai M, Wang T, Yu J, Yang P, Chuang C, Yang P, Lee C, Hsu H, How S. Small mass lesions in cirrhosis: transition from benign adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1986; 1: 3-14.
14. Freeny PC, Baron RL, Teefey SA. Hepatocellular carcinoma: reduced frequency of typical findings with dynamic contrast-enhanced CT in a non-Asian population. Radiology 1992; 182: 143-8.
15. Tsuda H, Hirohashi S, Shimosato Y, Terada M, Hasegawa H. Clonal origin of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the liver and clonal identity with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 1664-6.
16. Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, Sakamoto M, Okazaki N, Takayasu K, Kosuge T, Motoo Y, Yamazaki S, Hasegawa H. Malignant transformation of adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1990; 336: 1150-3.
17. International working party. Terminology of nodular hepatocellular lesions. Hepatology 1995; 22: 983-93.
18. Wu TT, Boitnott J. Dysplastic nodules: a new term for premalignant hepatic nodular lesions. Radiology 1996; 201: 21-2.
19. Earls JP, Theise ND, Weinreb JC, DeCorato DR, Krinsky GA, Rofsky NM, Mizrachi H, Teperman LW. Dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma: thin-section MR imaging of explained cirrhotic livers with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1996; 201: 207-14.
20. Kane RA. Liver imaging update. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1992; 13: 311-2.
21. Choi BI. Comparison of different imaging techniques. In: Livraghi T, Makuuchi M, Buscarini L, eds. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. London: Greenwich Medical Media, 1997: 203-19.
22. Ferrell L, Wright T, Lake J, Roberts J, Ascher N. Incidence and diagnostic features of macroregenerative nodules vs. small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers. Hepatology 1992; 16: 1372-81.
23. Theise ND, Schwartz M, Miller C, Thung SN. Macroregenerative nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma in forty-four sequential adult liver explants with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1992; 16: 949-55.
24. Furuya K, Nakamura M, Yamamoto Y, Togei K, Otsuka H. Macroregenerative nodule of the liver: a clinicopathologic study of 345 autopsy cases of chronic liver disease. Cancer 1988; 62: 99-105.
25. Wada K, Konodo F, Kondo Y. Large regenerative nodules and dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic livers: a histopathologic study. Hepatology 1988; 8: 1684-8.
26. Nelson RC, Chezmar JL. Pathology and imaging of hepatocellular neoplasms: are findings from Asian populations applicable to non-Asian groups? Am J Roentgenol 1993; 160: 1188-90.
27. Takayasu K, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, Okazaki N, Muramatsu Y, Moriyama N, Takayama T, Hasegawa H. Imaging of adenomatous hyperplastic lesions containing and not containing hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver [in Japanese]. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1989; 86: 2404-12.
28. Muramatsu Y, Nawano S, Takayasu K, Moriyama N, Yamada T, Yamasaki S, Hirohashi S. Early hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging. Radiology 1991; 181: 209-13.
29. Takayasu K, Furukawa, Wakao F, Muramatsu Y, Abe H, Terauchi T, Winter TC III, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. CT diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma: sensitivity, findings, and CT-pathologic correlation. Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164: 885-90.
30. Takayasu K, Muramatsu Y, Furukawa H, Wakao F, Moriyama N, Takayama T, Yamaski S, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Early hepatocellular carcinoma: appearance at CT during arterial portography and CT arteriography with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1995; 194: 101-5.
31. Freeman MP, Vick CW, Taylor KJW, Carithers RL, Brewer WH. Regenerating nodules in cirrhosis: sonographic appearance with anatomic correlations. Am J Roentgenol 1986; 146: 533-6.
32. Kim E, Lee W, Park CK, Do Y, Choo IW, Lim JH. Regenerating nodules in liver cirrhosis: finding at CT arterial portography and CT arteriography with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1997; 205: 714.
33. Itai Y, Ohnishi S, Ohtomo K, Kokubo T, Yoshida H, Yoshikawa K, Imawari M. Regenerating nodules of liver cirrhosis: MR imaging. Radiology 1987; 165: 419-23.
34. Ohtomo K, Itai Y, Ohtomo Y, Shiga J, Iio M. Regenerating nodules of liver cirrhosis: MR imaging with pathologic correlation Am J Roentgenol 1990; 154: 505-7.
35. Tanaka S, Kitamura T, Fujita M, Kasugai H, Inoue A, Ishiguro S. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: differentiation from adenomatous hyperplastic nodule with color Doppler flow imaging. Radiology 1992; 182: 161-5.
36. Arakawa M, Kage M, Sugihara S, Nakashima T, Suenaga M, Okuda K. Emergence of malignant lesions within an adenomatous hyperplastic nodule in a cirrhotic liver. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 198-208.
37. Yamashita Y, Fan ZM, Yamamoto H, Matsukawa T, Yoshimatsu S, Miyazaki T, Sumi H, Harada M, Takahashi M. Spin-echo and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced FLASH MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histopathologic findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 4: 83-90.
38. Mitchell DG, Rubin R, Siegelman ES, Burk DL Jr, Rifkin MD. Hepatocellular carcinoma within siderotic regenerative nodules: appearance as a nodule within a nodule on MR images. Radiology 1991; 178: 101-3.
39. Sadek AG, Mitchell DG, Siegelman EV, Outwater EK, Matteucci T, Han HWL. Early hepatocellular carcinoma that develops within macroregenerative nodules; growth rate depicted at serial MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 195: 753-6.
40. Rim K, Sakamoto M, Watanabe H, Hirohashi S, Ino Y. Pathology and DNA cytophotometry of small hepatocellular carcinoma with a nodule-in-nodule appearance: evidence for stepwise progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1992; 23: 26-33.
41. Sakamoto M, Ino Y, Fujii T, Hirohashi S. Phenotype change in tumor vessels associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1993; 23: 98-104.
42. Watanabe H, Hirohashi S, Sakamoto M, Ino Y, Fujii T. New macroscopic subtype of small hepatocellular carcinoma-common type in early type-and histological consideration of the multistep progression of HCC [in Japanese]. Kanzo 1990; 31: 1267-73.
43. Sheu JC, Sung JL, Chen DS, Lai MY, How SW, Hsu HC, Lee CS. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by real-time ultrasonography: a prospective study. Cancer 1985; 56: 660-6.
44. Tanaka S, Kitamura T, Nakanishi K, Okuda S, Yamazaki H, Hiyama T, Fujimoto I. Effectiveness of periodic checkup by ultrasonography for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1990; 66: 2210-4.
45. Sheu JC, Sung JL, Chen DS, Yu JY, Wang TH, Su CT, Tsang YM. Ultrasonography of small hepatic tumors using high-resolution linear-array real-time instruments. Radiology 1984; 150: 797-802.
46. Tanaka S, Kitamura T, Nakanishi K, Okuda S, Kojima J, Fujimoto I. Recent advances in ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1989; 63: 1313-7.
47. Choi BI, Kim CW, Han MC, Kim CY, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Kim YI. Sonographic characteristics of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastrointest Radiol 1989; 14: 255-61.
48. Laberge JM, Laing FC, Federle MP, Jeffrey RB Jr, Lim RC. Hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment of resectability by computed tomography and ultrasound. Radiology 1984; 152: 485-90.
49. Rubin JM, Bude RO, Carson PL, Bree RL, Adler RS. Power Doppler US: a potentially useful alternative to mean frequency-based color Doppler US. Radiology 1994; 190: 853-6.
50. Choi BI, Kim TK, Han JK, Chung JW, Park JH, Han MC. Power Versus Conventional Color Doppler Sonography: comparison in the depiction of vasculature in liver tumors. Radiology 1996; 200: 55-8.
51. Lencioni R, Pinto F, Armillotta N, Bartolozzi C. Assessment of tumor vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of power Doppler US and color Doppler US. Radiology 1996; 201: 353-8.
52. Ferrucci JT. Liver tumor imaging: current concepts. Radiol Clin North Am 1994; 32: 39-54.