Social Support in Persons with Self-Reported Sensitivity to Chemicals

Research in Nursing and Health

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 103-115

  Gibson, Pamela Reed ^a   Cheavens, Jennifer ^b   Warren, Margaret L ^c  

^a JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^c Harrisonburg City Schools   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemical injury; Chemical sensitivity; Environmental illness; Social support

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; DISABLED PERSON; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY; NURSING METHODOLOGY RESEARCH; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SELF HELP; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; AGED; DISABLED PERSONS; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY; NURSING METHODOLOGY RESEARCH; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SELF-HELP GROUPS; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

EID: 0032038829     PISSN: 01606891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199804)21:2<103::AID-NUR2>3.0.CO;2-N     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ashford, N.A., & Miller, C.S. (1991). Chemical exposures: Low levels and high stakes. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
2. Baker, G.P. (1994). Porphyria and MCS overlap symptoms: Another chemical connection. Our Toxic Times, 5(8), 1, 3-5.
3. Barrera, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413-445.
4. Bell, I.R. (1994). White paper: Neuropsychiatric aspects of sensitivity to low-level chemicals: A neural sensitization model [Special issue]. Proceedings of the Conference on Low-Level Exposure to Chemicals and Neurobiologic Sensitivity. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 10, 277-312.
5. Bell, I.R., Miller, C.S., & Schwartz, G.E. (1992). An olfactory-limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: Possible relationship to kindling and affective spectrum disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 32, 218-242.
6. Bell, I.R., Peterson, J.M., & Schwartz, G.E. (1995). Medical histories and psychological profiles of middle-aged women with and without self-reported illness from environmental chemicals. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56, 151-160.
7. Bell, I.R., Schwartz, G.E., Peterson, J.M., & Amend, D. (1993). Self-reported illness from chemical odors in young adults without clinical syndromes or occupational exposures. Archives of Environmental Health, 48, 6-13.
8. Berkman, L.F., & Syme, S.L. (1979). Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 186-204.
9. Black, D.W., Rathe, A., & Goldstein, R.B. (1990). Environmental illness: A controlled study of 26 subjects with "20th century disease." Journal of the American Medical Association, 264, 3166-3170.
10. Bloom, J.B., & Kessler, L. (1994). Emotional support following cancer: A test of the stigma and social activity hypotheses. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 118-133.
11. Brodsky, C.M. (1983). Psychological factors contributing to somatoform diseases attributed to the workplace. Journal of Occupation Medicine, 25, 459-464.
12. Cheavens, J., & Winstead, B. (1996). The effects of gender and social setting on peers'perceptions of unexplained symptom complaints. Unpublished manuscript. Old Dominion University.
13. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
14. Cullen, M.R., Pace, P.E., & Redlich, C.A. (1992). The experience of the Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Clinics with multiple chemical sensitivities. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 8, 15-20.
15. Dager, S.R., Holland, J.P., Cowley, D.S., & Dunner, D.L. (1987). Panic disorder precipitated by exposure to organic solvents in the work place. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1056-1058.
16. Davidoff, L.L. (1989). Multiple chemical sensitivities. The Amicus Journal, Winter, 13-23.
17. Dean, K., Holst, E., Kreiner, S., Schoenborn, C., & Wilson, R. (1994). Measurement issues in research on social support and health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 48, 201-206.
18. Douglas, D., Suurmeijer, T., Krol, B., Sanderman, R., van Rijswik, M., & van Leeuwen, M. (1994). Social support, social disability, and psychological well-being in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research, 7, 10-15.
19. Dudley, D.L. (1993). Chemical toxicity: A neurometric study of changes in the auditory and visual cognitive evoked potential in response to olfaction. Clinical Research, 41, 383A.
20. E.I. disability classification. (1987). The Human Ecologist, 35, 13.
21. Fitzpatrick, R., Newman, S., Archer, R., & Shipley, M. (1991). Social support, disability and depression: A longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis. Social Science and Medicine, 33, 605-611.
22. Foote, A.W., Piazza, D., Holcombe, J., Paul, P., & Daffin, P. (1990). Hope, self-esteem and social support in persons with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 22, 155-159.
23. Friedman, M.M., & King, K.B. (1994). The relationship of emotional and tangible support to psychological well-being among older women with heart failure. Research in Nursing & Health, 17, 433-440.
24. Gibson, P. (1993). Multiple chemical sensitivities/environmental illness: Invisible disabilities. Women and Therapy, 14, 171-185.
25. Gibson, P.R., Cheavens, J., & Warren, M.L. (1996). Chemical sensitivity/chemical injury and life disruption. Women & Therapy, 19, 63-79.
26. Gulick, E.E. (1994). Social support among persons with multiple sclerosis. Research in Nursing & Health, 17, 195-206.
27. Heuser, G., Wojdani, A., & Heuser, S. (1992). Diagnostic markers of multiple chemical sensitivity. In National Research Council (Ed.), Multiple chemical sensitivities: Addendum to biologic markers in immunotoxicology (pp. 117-138). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
28. House, J.S., Landis, K.R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540-544.
29. Kipen, H., Fiedler, N., Maccia, C., Yurkow, E., Todaro, J., & Laskin, D. (1992). Immunologic evaluation of chemically sensitive patients. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 8, 125-136.
30. Lax, M.B., & Henneberger, P.K. (1995). Patients with multiple chemical sensitivities in an occupational health clinic: Presentation and follow-up. Archives of Environmental Health, 50, 425-431.
31. Levin, A.S., & Byers, V.S. (1992). Multiple chemical sensitivities: A practicing clinician's point of view -Clinical and immunologic research findings. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 8, 95-109.
32. McColl, M.A., & Friedland, J. (1994). Social support, aging, and disability. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 9(3), 54-71.
33. Meggs, W.J., & Cleveland, C.H. (1993). Rhinolaryngoscopic examination of patients with the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. Archives of Environmental Health, 48, 14-18.
34. Meggs, W.J., Dunn, K.A., Bloch, R.M., Goodman, P.E., & Davidoff, A.L. (1996). Prevalence and nature of allergy and chemical sensitivity in a general population. Archives of Environmental Health, 51(4), 75-82.
35. Miller, C.S. (1996). Chemical sensitivity: Symptom, syndrome or mechanism for disease? Toxicology, 111, 69-86.
36. Miller, C.S., & Mitzel, H.C. (1995). Chemical sensitivity attributed to pesticide exposure versus remodeling. Archives of Environmental Health, 50, 119-129.
37. Morrow, L.A., Ryan, C.M., Goldstein, G., & Hodgson, M.J. (1989). A distinct pattern of personality disturbance following exposure to mixtures of organic solvents. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 31, 743-748.
38. Peters-Golden, H. (1982). Breast cancer: Varied perceptions of social support in the illness experience. Social Science and Medicine, 16, 483-491.
39. Primono, J., Yates, B.C., & Woods, N.F. (1990). Social support for women during chronic illness: The relationship among sources and types of adjustment. Research in Nursing & Health, 13, 153-161.
40. Rea, W.J., Johnson, A.R., Ross, G.H., Butler, J.R., Fenyves, E.J., Griffiths, B., & Laseter, J. (1992). Considerations for the diagnosis of chemical sensitivity. In National Research Council (Ed.), Multiple chemical sensitivities: Addendum to biologic markers in immunotoxicology (pp. 169-192). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
41. Rippere, V. (1983). The allergy problem: Why people suffer and what should be done. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England: Thorsons.
42. Rogers, S.A. (1990). Tired or toxic? Syracuse, NY: Prestige.
43. Rook, K.S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.
44. Ross, G.H. (1992a). History and clinical presentation of the chemically sensitive patient. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 8, 21-28.
45. Ross, G.H. (1992b). Treatment options in multiple chemical sensitivity. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 8, 87-94.
46. Schwartzer, R., & Leppin, A. (1991). Social support and health: A theoretical and empirical overview. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 99-127.
47. Shumaker, S.A., & Hill, D.R. (1991). Gender differences in social support and physical health. Health Psychology, 10, 102-111.
48. Simon, G.E., Katon, W.J., & Sparks, R.J. (1990). Allergic to life: Psychological factors in environmental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 901-906.
49. Strauss, A.L. (1984). Chronic illness and the quality of life. St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby.
50. Stewart, M.J. (1989). Social support instruments created by nurse investigators. Nursing Research, 38, 268-275.
51. Temple, T. (1996). Healthier hospitals: A comprehensive guide to assist in the medical care of the patient with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) disability. Parma: Ohio Network for the Chemically Injured.
52. Terr, A.I. (1989). Clinical ecology in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 31, 257-261.
53. Thoits, P.A. (1995). Stress, coping and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36 (Extra Issue), 53-79.
54. Turner, H.A. (1994). Gender and social support: Taking the bad with the good? Sex Roles, 30, 521-540.
55. Uchino, B.N., Cacioppo, J.T., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. (1996). The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 488-531.
56. Weinert, C. (1987). A social support measure: PRQ85. Nursing Research, 36, 273-277.
57. Weinert, C., & Tilden, V.P. (1990). Measures of social support: Assessment of validity. Nursing Research, 39, 212-216.
58. White, N.E., Richter, J.M., & Fry, C. (1992). Coping, social support, and adaptation to chronic illness. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 14, 211-224.
59. Willey, C., & Silliman, R.A. (1990). The impact of disease on the social support experiences of cancer patients. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 8, 79-95.
60. Wineman, N.M. (1990). Adaptation to multiple sclerosis: The role of social support, functional disability, and perceived uncertainty. Nursing Research, 39, 294-299.
61. Ziem, G.E. (1992). Multiple chemical sensitivity: Treatment and follow-up with avoidance and control of chemical exposures. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 8, 73-86.