Health Reform in Israel: Some Aspects of Seventy Years of Struggle (1925-1995)

Social History of Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 73-88

  Shvarts, Shifra ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

British mandate; Compulsory health insurance; Health legislation; Histadruth; Israel; Israel labour federation; Kupat Holim; Palestine; Sick fund

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HISTORY; ISRAEL; POLITICAL SYSTEM; POLITICS; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

COLONIALISM; GREAT BRITAIN; HEALTH CARE REFORM; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; INSURANCE, HEALTH; ISRAEL; POLITICS; STATE HEALTH PLANS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0032037965     PISSN: 0951631X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/shm/11.1.73     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. The two organizations maintained separate accounts. Kupat Holim transferred about 30 per cent of the fees it collected to the Histadrut for its activities. I. Kanievsky, The Social Security in Israel (Tel Aviv, 1942); H. S. Halevi, 'The Pluralistic Structure of the Israeli Health Care System', Bitachon Sociali, 17 (1975), 5-50; Abraham Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', Hikrey Avoda, 1-2 (1975); Shifra Shvarts, 'Kupath Holim and Yishuv Health Services', in M. Waserman and S. Kottek (eds.) Health, Disease and Healing in the Holy Land (Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter, 1996), pp. 329-60.
2. The two organizations maintained separate accounts. Kupat Holim transferred about 30 per cent of the fees it collected to the Histadrut for its activities. I. Kanievsky, The Social Security in Israel (Tel Aviv, 1942); H. S. Halevi, 'The Pluralistic Structure of the Israeli Health Care System', Bitachon Sociali, 17 (1975), 5-50; Abraham Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', Hikrey Avoda, 1-2 (1975); Shifra Shvarts, 'Kupath Holim and Yishuv Health Services', in M. Waserman and S. Kottek (eds.) Health, Disease and Healing in the Holy Land (Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter, 1996), pp. 329-60.
3. The two organizations maintained separate accounts. Kupat Holim transferred about 30 per cent of the fees it collected to the Histadrut for its activities. I. Kanievsky, The Social Security in Israel (Tel Aviv, 1942); H. S. Halevi, 'The Pluralistic Structure of the Israeli Health Care System', Bitachon Sociali, 17 (1975), 5-50; Abraham Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', Hikrey Avoda, 1-2 (1975); Shifra Shvarts, 'Kupath Holim and Yishuv Health Services', in M. Waserman and S. Kottek (eds.) Health, Disease and Healing in the Holy Land (Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter, 1996), pp. 329-60.
4. The two organizations maintained separate accounts. Kupat Holim transferred about 30 per cent of the fees it collected to the Histadrut for its activities. I. Kanievsky, The Social Security in Israel (Tel Aviv, 1942); H. S. Halevi, 'The Pluralistic Structure of the Israeli Health Care System', Bitachon Sociali, 17 (1975), 5-50; Abraham Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', Hikrey Avoda, 1-2 (1975); Shifra Shvarts, 'Kupath Holim and Yishuv Health Services', in M. Waserman and S. Kottek (eds.) Health, Disease and Healing in the Holy Land (Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter, 1996), pp. 329-60.
5. Shifra Shvarts, 'Health Care System in Israel - An Historical Perspective', in Shyamal K. Majumdar, Leonard M. Rosenfeld, David B. Nash and Ann Marie Audeth (eds.) Medicine and Health Care into the Twenty-First Century (Pennsylvania, 1995), p. 548.
6. Ben-Gurion Archives, Sede Boker (hereafter BGA), David Ben-Gurion, a letter to the Labour Federation Executive Committee, November 1922.
7. Dan Giladi, Jewish Palestine During the Fourth Aliya Period (1924-1929), (Tel Aviv, 1973), pp. 36-9.
8. The Mandate Government of Palestine, Report on Palestine Administration, July 1920-December 1921 ( London, 1922); Reiss Nira, 'British Public Health Policy in Palestine, 1918-1947', in Waserman and Kottek (eds.) Health Disease and Healing in the Holy Land, pp. 310-11.
9. The Mandate Government of Palestine, Report on Palestine Administration, July 1920-December 1921 ( London, 1922); Reiss Nira, 'British Public Health Policy in Palestine, 1918-1947', in Waserman and Kottek (eds.) Health Disease and Healing in the Holy Land, pp. 310-11.
10. I. Zertal, Days and Deeds (Tel Aviv, 1975), pp. 48-9.
11. Kupat Holim Center, The Worker's Health (Tel Aviv, 1925), p. 17.
12. Lavon Institute-Labour Archive Tel Aviv, Kupat Holim Files (hereafter LA) IV-208-1-9 .
13. Milton Roemer, Health Care Systems in World Perspective (Ann Arbor, 1976), pp. 104-5.
14. LA IV-208-1-97, Kupat Holim Center Report, 21 March 1926.
15. LA IV-243-1-17, Letter from the Executive Committee of the Labour Federation to Kupat Holim Management, 10 May 1929.
16. Kanievsky, The Social Security in Israel, p. 343.
17. LA IV-208-146, Kanievsky letter to the Labour Federation Executive Committee, 21 November 1928.
18. LA IV-208-163A, Kupat Holim Letter to Sir Robert Chancellor, the British High Commissioner in Palestine, 20 January 1930. The letter was followed by the Health insurance law articles proposed by Kupat Holim in English and in Hebrew. Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem 6632/S/25, National Health Committee files (hereafter CZA) has a full copy of the proposed law sent directly to Sir Robert Chancellor the British High Commissioner for Palestine, 20 January 1930.
19. Kanievsky, The Social Security in Israel, p. 343.
20. CZA 6632/S/25, Letter from the acting secretary of the British High Commissioner in Palestine to the secretary of the Labour Federation Executive Committee, February 1930.
21. LA IV-243-2-16A, Kanievsky letter to Dov Hoz, 10 February 1931.
22. LA IV-208-1-270B, Kanievsky letter to Dov Hoz, 2 June 1931.
23. CZA 368/S/25, Kanievsky letter to Dr Haim Arlozoroff, 4 July 1931.
24. LA IV-243-1-117, Kanievsky letter to the Labour Federation Executive Committee, 29 November 1931.
25. LA IV-208-270B, A letter from Colonel G. W. Heron, Director General of the Mandate Government Department of Health, to Henrieta Szold, President of Hadassah Medical Organization in Palestine and member of the Jewish National Health Committee, 22 November 1931.
26. Kanievsky, The Social Security in Israel, p. 344.
27. Ibid.
28. LA IV-243-1-17, Kupat Holim Center, 1931 Annual Report.
29. Hapoel Hatzair [The Young Worker Newspaper] 1933 (26-27), pp. 15-16.
30. LA IV-243-1-17, Kupat Holim Center, 1933 Annual Report.
31. CZA 6632/S/25, Kupat Holim Center letter to David Ben-Gurion, 29 November 1934.
32. LA IV-208-1-966, Kanievsky letter to Ben-Gurion, 29 November 1934.
33. LA IV-208-1-966, Kanievsky letter to Dov Hoz, 7 January 1935.
34. BGA, Ben-Gurion's Diary, 25 March 1932, p. 78.
35. Hadassah Medical Organization, Twenty Years in Eretz Israel (Jerusalem, 1939); H. Yaski, Hadassah Activity in Eretz Israel, Harofe Haivri [The Hebrew Physician], I (1937).
36. Hadassah Medical Organization, Twenty Years in Eretz Israel (Jerusalem, 1939); H. Yaski, Hadassah Activity in Eretz Israel, Harofe Haivri [The Hebrew Physician], I (1937).
37. Halevy, 'The Pluralistic Structure', p. 20; Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', pp. 19-22.
38. Halevy, 'The Pluralistic Structure', p. 20; Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', pp. 19-22.
39. Halevy, 'The Pluralistic Structure', p. 13; Kalmann Mann, Hadassah Director General at that time, an interview 29 October 1996.
40. Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', pp. 19-22.
41. Jehuda Wallach (ed.), Carta's Atlas of Israel, The First Years 1948-1961 (Jerusalem, 1978), pp. 84-8.
42. M. Waserman, 'The Hadassah Medical Organization: Critical Years, 1928-1951', Oral History Interviews with Dr Ali Davis, in Waserman and Kottek (eds.) Health, Disease and Healing in the Holy Land, pp. 380-5.
43. Halevy, 'The Pluralistic Structure', p. 13.
44. N. Reiss, The Health Care of the Arabs in Israel (Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford, 1991).
45. Zertal, Days and Deeds, pp. 106-7.
46. Ibid., pp. 113-14.
47. Health Insurance Act, proposed to the Israeli Kneset on 3 November 1955, Reshumot, Kneset Protocols (Jerusalem, 1955).
48. Zertal, Days and Deeds, p. 114.
49. Doron, 'The Struggle for a Social Security in Israel', pp. 19-22.
50. Halevy, 'The Pluralistic Structure', pp. 29-49.
51. Reshumot, Kneset Protocols, 1978; 1980; 1983; 1985.
52. Government of Israel, National Investigation Committee to the Function and Efficiency of Israel Health Care System - Netanyahu Commission Report (Jerusalem, 1990), pp. 47-67.
53. Yedeot Ahcharonot newspaper, 13 Dec. 1993. Haim Haberfeld, General Secretary of the Federation of Labour, 13 December 1993, Letter to the Members. The State of Israel, Ministry of Health, Office of the Minister of Health, 4 January 1994, Memorandum to the Public.
54. Haaretz, 7 January 1994. Yedeot Ahcharonot, 6 January 1994.
55. Haaretz, 7 January 1994. Yedeot Ahcharonot, 6 January 1994.
56. Government of Israel, Netanyahu Commission Report, pp. 63, 68-75.