The properties of one: Facial memory and the isolation effect

Journal of General Psychology

Volumn 125, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 192-206

  Main, Kathryn M ^a   Leland, Louis S ^a   Bartlett, Gary C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; CHILD; FACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHYSIOLOGY; RECALL;

ADOLESCENT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHILD; CUES; FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL;

EID: 0032035192     PISSN: 00221309     EISSN: 19400888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00221309809595543     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ausubel, D. P. (1960). The use of advance organizers in the learning and retention of meaningful verbal material. Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 267-272.
2. Benson, P. J., & Perrett, D. I. (1994). Visual processing of facial distinctiveness. Perception, 23, 75-93.
3. Calkins, M. W., (1896). Association (II). Psychological Review Monograph Supplement, 2, 32-49.
4. Cashen, V. M., & Leicht, K. L. (1970). Role of the isolation effect in a formal educational setting. Journal of Educational Psychology, 61, 484-486.
5. Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015-1026.
6. Címbalo, R. S. (1978). Making something stand out: The isolation effect in memory performance. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory' (pp. 101-110). San Diego. CA: Academic Press.
7. Címbalo, R. S., Capria, R. A., Neider, L. L., & Wilkins, M. C. (1977). Isolation effect: Overall list facilitation in short-term memory. Acta Psychologies 41, 419-432.
8. Címbalo, R. S., McQuestion, C., & Wittig, D. M. (1980). Short-term memory isolation: Null, facilitative and debilitative effects and their preconditions. The Journal of General Psychology, 103. 171-178.
9. Címbalo, R. S., Nowak, B. I., & Söderström, J. A. (1981). The isolation effect in children's short term memory. The Journal of General Psychology. 105, 215-223.
10. Címbalo, R. S., Nowak, B. I., & Stringfield, C. (1978). Isolation effect: Overall list facilitation and debilitation in short-term memory. The Journal of General Psychology. 99, 251-256.
11. Címbalo, R. S., & Pcloncro, K. C. (1970). The isolation effect and mechanisms in short-and long-term memory. Psychonomic Science, 21, 69-70.
12. Címbalo, R. S., & Siska, B. L. (1987). Isolation effect in simultaneously presented lists of different lengths. The Journal of General Psychology, 114, 69-74.
13. Cohen, M. H., & Carr, W. J. (1975). Facial recognition and the von Restorff Effect. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 6, 383-384.
14. Dettcrman, D. K., & Ellis, N. R. (1972). Determinants of induced amnesia in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 95. 308-316.
15. Feigenbaum, E. A., & Simon, H. A. (1962). A theory of the serial position effect. British Journal of Psychology, 53, 307-320.
16. Gabassi. RG. (1981). Mcaningfulness and isolation effect for normal and retarded subjects. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 52, 595-598.
17. Gardner, M. P. (1983). Advertising effects on attributes recalled and criteria used for brand evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 10, 310-318.
18. Glanzer, M., & Dolinsky, R. (1965). The anchor for the serial position curve. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 4. 267-273.
19. Huang, I. N., & Borter, S, J. (1987). The color isolation effect in free recall by adults with Down's syndrome. American Journal of Mental Deficiency. 92, 115-118.
20. Hunt, R. R. (1995). The subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2. 105-112.
21. Hunt, R. R., & Elliot, J. M. (1980). The role of nonscmantic information in memory: Orthographic distinctiveness effects on retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109. 49-74.
22. Hunt, R. R., & McDaniel, M. A. (1993). The enigma of organization and distinctiveness. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 421-445.
23. Jersild, A. (1929). Primacy, recency, frequency and vividness. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 12, 58-70.
24. Johansson, B. S. (1970). Attention and the von Restorff effect. British Journal of Psychology, 61, 163-170.
25. Johnson, W. A., Hawley, K. J., Plewe, S. H., Elliott, J. M. G., & De Witt, M. J. (1990). Attention capture by novel stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 119, 397-411.
26. Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
27. Koffka, K. (1935). Principles of gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt-Brace.
28. McManis, D.L. (1966). The von Restorff effect in serial learning by normal and retarded subjects. American Journal Of Mental Deficiency, 70, 569-575.
29. Nelson, D. L. (1979). Remembering pictures and words: Appearance, significance and name. In L. S. Cermak & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.). Levels of processing in human memory (pp. 45-76). Hillside. NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Newman, S. E., & Jennette, A. D. (1975). The effects of set size on learning an item in the set. American Journal of Psychology, 88. 117-124.
31. Perkins, M. (1983). Sensing the world. Indianapolis. IN: Hackel.
32. Pillsbury, W. B., & Raush, H. L. (1943). An extension of the Kohler-Restorff inhibition phenomenon. American Journal of Psychology. 56, 293-298.
33. Rabinowitz, F. M., & Andrews, S. R. (1973). Intentional and incidental learning in children and the von Rcstorff effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 100, 315-318.
34. Raskin, D. C., Hattlc, M., & Rubel, E. W. (1967). The effects of elcctric shock isolation in serial learning. Psychonvmic Science, 8, 413-414.
35. Rogers, G. W., Jr., & Richmond, B. O. (1977). The von Restorff effect as a teaching technique with trainable retardates. Catalogue of Selected Documents in Psychology. 7, 116-117.
36. Sen, A. K., Clarke, A. M. & Cooper, G. M. (1968). The effect of isolating items in serial learning in severely retarded subjects. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 72, 851-856.
37. Simon, E. B. (1972). Over-all list facilitation and the von Restorff effect with nonnoxious isolation stimuli. Psychological Reports, 31, 631-637.
38. Smith, M. H., Jr., & Steams, E. G. (1949). The influence of isolation on the learning of sunounding materials. American Journal of Psychology. 62, 369-381.
39. Steil, P. E., & Hynum, L. (1970). The von Restorff isolation effect employing one and three isolates. Psychological Reports, 27, 963-966.
40. Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1978). Salience, attention and attribution: Top of the head phenomena. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.). Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 249-288). New York: Academic Press.
41. Tulving, E., & Thompson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352-373.
42. van Buskirk, W. L. (1932). An experimental snidy of vividness in learning and retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 563-573.
43. Von Restorff, H. (1933). Über die Wirkung von Bereichsbildungen im Spurenfeld The effects of field formation in the trace field. Psychologie Forchung, 18, 299-34. See http://www.uneg.edu/~huntrr/rcstorff_printable.html.
44. Wallace, W. P. (1965). Review of the historical, empirical, and theoretical status of the von Restorff phenomenon. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 410-424.
45. Watkins, O. C., & Watkins, M. J. (1975). Buildup of proactive inhibition as a cue overload effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human teaming and Memory', 1. 442-452.
46. Webster, R. A., Lcland, L. S., Jr., & Bartlett, G. C. (1997). The properties of one: Single distinctive stimuli and their effects. The Journal of General Psychology, 124. 391-410.
47. Winograd, E. (1981). Elaboration and distinctiveness in memory for faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human teaming and Memory, 7, 181-190.
48. Winters, J. J., Jr., & Attlee, L. C. (1974). The von Restorff effect and measures of organization in normals and retardates. Memory and Cognition. 2, 301-305.