Developments in aerial pesticide application methods for forestry

Crop Protection

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 171-180

  Payne, Nicholas J ^a  

^a LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aerial application; Forestry; Pesticide

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FORESTRY; PESTICIDE APPLICATION;

EID: 0032029830     PISSN: 02612194     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00092-6     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Anderson, D. E., Miller, D. R., Wang, Y., Yendol, W. G., Mierzejewski, K. and McManus, M. L. (1992) Deposition of aerially applied Bt in an oak forest and its prediction with the FSCBG model. J. Appl. Meteorol. 31, 1457-1466
2. Anon. (1984) Micronair AU5000 Mini Atomiser Handbook. Micronair Ltd., Bembridge Fort, Isle of Wight, UK, 38 pp.
3. Anon, (1991a) The state of Canada's forests - 1991; 2nd report to Parliament. Forestry Canada, Ottawa, 85 pp.
4. Anon, (1991b) Micronair AU4000 atomizer: Operators' Handbook. Micronair Ltd., Bembridge Fort, Isle of Wight, UK, 52 pp.
5. Anon, (1995) Compendium of Canadian Forestry Statistics. Canadian Council of Forest Ministers, Ottawa, 217 pp.
6. Armstrong, J. A. and Cook, C. A. (1993) Aerial spray applications on Canadian forests: 1945-1990. Information report ST-X-2, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, 266 pp.
7. ASAE (1987) Terminology and definitions for agricultural chemical application: Standard ASAE S327.1. In: Standards, Engineering Practices and Data Developed and Adopted by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, ed. R. H. Hahn and E. E. Rosentreter. Society for Engineering in Agriculture, St Joseph, MI, pp. 147-148
8. Barry, J. W. and Ekblad, R. B. (1978) Deposition of insecticide drops on coniferous foliage. Trans. ASAE 21, 438-440
9. Bilanin, A. J., Teske, M. E., Barry, J. W. and Ekblad, R. B. (1989) AGDISP: the aircraft spray dispersion model, code development and validation. Trans. ASAE 32, 327-334
10. Bouse, L. F. (1994) Effect of nozzle type and operation on spray droplet size. Trans. ASAE 37, 1389-1400
11. Cadogan, B. L. (1995) Aerial control equipment. In: Forest Insect Pests in Canada, ed. J. A. Armstrong and W. G. H. Ives. Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, pp. 537-543
12. Cadogan, B. L., Zylstra, B. F., Nystrom, C., Pollock, L. B. and Ehling, P. M. (1986) Spray deposits and dropsize spectra from a high wing monoplane fitted with rotary atomizers. Trans. ASAE 29, 402-406
13. Crabbe, R. S. and McCooeye, M. (1988) Field procedure for measurement of flightline offset in forestry spraying. Aeronautical Note NAE-AN-51, National Research Council Canada. Ottawa.
14. Crabbe, R. S. and McCooeye, M. (1995) Effect of atmospheric stability on wind drift of spray droplets from aerial forest pesticide applications. In: Forest Insect Pests in Canada, ed. J. A. Armstrong and W. G. H. Ives. Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, pp. 497-510
15. Crabbe, R. S., McCooeye, M. and Mickle, R. E. (1994) The influence of atmospheric stability on wind drift from ultra-low-volume aerial forest spray applications. J. Appl. Meteorol. 33, 500-507
16. Cunningham, J. C. (1995) Insect viruses. In: Forest Insect Pests in Canada, ed. J. A, Armstrong and W. G. H. Ives. Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, pp. 327-340
17. Dodge, L. E. (1987) Comparison of performance of drop-sizing instruments. Appl. Optics 27, 1328-1341
18. Duan, B., Yendol, W. G. and Mierzejewski, K. (1992) Statistical comparison of the AGDISP model with deposit data. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 1635-1642
19. Himel, C. M. (1969) The optimum size for insecticide spray droplets. J. Econ. Entomol. 62, 919-925
20. Hoff, R., Mickle, R. E. and Froude, F. A. (1989) A rapid acquisition system for aerial spray diagnostics. Trans. ASAE 32, 1523-1528
21. Joyce, R. J. V. and Beaumont, J. (1978) Collection of spray droplets and chemical by larvae, foliage and ground deposition. In: Control of Pine Beauty Moth by Fenitrothion in Scotland 1978, ed. A. V. Holden and D. Bevan. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, pp. 63-80
22. Joyce, R. J. V., Schaefer, G. W. and Allsopp, K. (1981) Distribution of spray and assessments of larval mortality at Annabaglish. In: Aerial Application of Insecticide against Pine Beauty Moth. ed. A. V. Holden and D. Bevan. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, pp. 15-46
23. Joyce, R. J. V. and Spillman, J. J. (1978) Discussion of aerial spraying techniques. In: Control of Pine Beauty Moth by Fenitrothion in Scotland 1978, ed. A. V. Holden and D. Bevan. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, pp. 13-20
24. Lefebvre, A. H. (1989) Atomization and Sprays. Hemisphere, New York, NY, 421 pp.
25. May, K. R. and Clifford, R. (1967) The impaction of aerosol particles on cylinders, spheres, ribbons and discs. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 10, 83-95
26. McCooeye, M. A., Crabbe, R. S., Mickle, R. E., Robinson, A., Stimson, E. B., Arnold, J. A. and Alward, D. G. (1993) Strategy for reducing drift of aerially applied pesticides. Institute for Environmental Chemistry. Ottawa, 33 pp plus appendices.
27. Mickle, R. E. (1987) A review of models for ULV spray scenarios. In: Proc. Symp. Aerial Application of Pesticides in Forestry, ed. G. W. Green. AFA-TN-18. Natl Res. Council. Ottawa. pp. 179-188
28. Mickle, R. E. (1993) Utilizing vortex behaviour to minimize drift. J. Environ. Sci. Health B29, 621-645
29. Mickle, R. E. and Robinson, A. G. (1990) A monitor for aerial spraying, ARQD report. Atmospheric Environment Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, 12 pp.
30. Miller, D. R., Reardon, R. C. and McManus, M. (1995) An atmospheric primer for aerial spraying of forests. Publication FHM-NC-07-95. USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, WV, 19 pp.
31. Ozkan, H. E., Reichard, D. L. and Sweeney, J. S. (1992) Droplet size distributions across the fan patterns of new and worn nozzles. Trans. ASAE 35, 1097-1102
32. Parkin, C. S. and Siddiqui, H. S. (1990) Measurement of dropsize spectra from rotary cage aerial atomizers. Crop Prot. 9, 33-38
33. Parkin, C. S. and Spillman, J. J. (1980) The use of wing-tip sails on a spraying aircraft to reduce the amount of material carried off-target by a crosswind. J. Agric. Engng Res. 25, 65-74
34. Parkin, C. S. and Wyatt, J. C. (1982) The determination of flight-lane separations for the aerial application of herbicides. Crop Prot. 1, 309-321
35. Payne, N. J. (1992) Off-target glyphosate from aerial silvicultural applications and buffer zones required around sensitive areas. Pestic. Sci. 34, 53-59
36. Payne, N. J. (1993) Spray dispersal from aerial silvicultural glyphosate applications. Crop Prot. 12, 463-469
37. Payne, N. J. (1994) Spray deposits from aerial insecticide spray simulant applications to a coniferous plantation in low and high wind speeds. Cmp Prot. 13, 121-126
38. Payne, N. J. (1995a) Principles of atomization and atomizer selection. In: Forest Insect Pests in Canada, ed. J. A. Armstrong and W. G. Ives. Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, pp. 521-529
39. Payne, N. J. (1995b) Spray dispersal, deposition and assessment. In: Forest Insect Pests in Canada, ed. J. A. Armstrong and W. G. H. Ives. Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, pp. 465-478.
40. Payne, N. J., Cunningham, J. C., Curry, R. D., Brown, K. and Mickle, R. E. (1996) Spray deposits in a mature oak canopy from aerial applications of nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Bocillus thuringiensis to control gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., Crop Prot. 15, 425-431
41. Payne, N. J., Feng, J. and Reynolds, P. e. (1990) Off-target deposits and buffer zones required around water for aerial glyphosale applications. Pestic. Sci. 30, 183-198
42. Payne, N. J., Helson, B. V., Sundaram, K. M. S. and Fleming, R. A. (1988) Estimating buffer zone widths around pesticide applications. Pestic. Sci. 24, 147-161
43. Payne, N. J., Retnakaran, A. and Cadogan, L. (1997) Development and evaluation of a method for the design of spray applications: aerial tebufenozide applications to control the eastern spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Crop Prot. 16. 285-290
44. Payne, N. J., Sundaram, K. M. S. and Helson, B. V. (1991) Airborne permethrin and off-target deposits from an aerial ultra-low-volume silvicultural spray. Crop Prot. 10, 357-362
45. Payne, N. J. and Thompson. D. (1992) Off-target glyphosate deposits from aerial silvicultural applications under various meteorological conditions. Pestic. Sci. 34, 1-8
46. Picot, J. J. C. (1990) Liquid atomizing apparatus for aerial spraying. US patent # 4,948,050.
47. Picot, J. J. C., Bontemps, X. and Kristmanson, D. D. (1985) Measuring spray atomizer dropsize spectrum down to 0.5 μm size. Trans. ASAE 28. 1367-1370
48. Picot, J. J. C., Kristmanson, D. D. and Basak-Brown, N. (1986) Canopy deposit and off-target drift in forestry aerial spraying: the effects of operational parameters. Trans. ASAE 29, 90-96
49. Picot, J. J. C., Kristmanson, D. D., Mickle, R. E., Dickison, R. B. B., Riley, C. M. and Weisner, C. J. (1993) Measurements of folial and ground deposits in forestry aerial spraying. Trans. ASAE 36, 1013-1024
50. Picot, J. J. C., Kristmanson, D. D. and van Vliet, M. W. (1995) Spray atomizer droplet characterization. In: Forest Insect Peats in Canada, ed. J. A. Armstrong and W. G. H. Ives. Natural Resources Canada. Ottawa, pp. 511-520.
51. Picot, J. J. C., van Vliet, M. W. and Payne, N. J. (1989) Droplet size characteristics for insecticide and herbicide spray atomizers. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 67, 752-761
52. Picot, J. J. C., van Vliet, M. W., Payne, N. J. and Kristmanson. D. D. (1990) Characterization of aerial spray nozzles with laser light scattering and imaging probes and flash photography. In: Liquid Particle Size Measurement Techniques: 2nd volume. ASTM STP 1083. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 142-150.
53. Prasad, R. and Cadogan, B. L. (1991) Influence of droplet size and density on phytotoxicity of three herbicides. Weed Technol. 6, 415-423
54. Stull, R. B. (1988) An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 666 pp.
55. Tennankore, K., Picot. J. J. C., Chitrangad, B. and Kristmanson. D. D. (1980) Aircraft vortex studies in forest aerial spraying. Trans. ASAE 23, 1076-1083
56. Teske, M. E. and Barry, J. W. (1993) Parametric sensitivity in aerial application. Trans. ASAE 36, 27-33
57. Teske, M. E., Bowers, J. F., Rafferty, J. E. and Barry, J. W. (1993) FSCBG: an aerial spray dispersion model for predicting the fate of released material behind aircraft. Environ. Toxicol. and Chem. 12. 453-464
58. Teske, M. E., Twardus, D. B. and Ekblad. R. B. (1990) Swath width evaluation. Report number 9034-2807-MTDC. DSDA Forest Service Technology and Development Centre, Missoula. MT, 23 pp.
59. Tharrington, W. H., Brandenburg, B. B., Tate R. W. and Saunders, W. J. (1976) The raindrop nozzle: drift reduction by design. Proc. Southern Weed Science Soc. 29th Annual Meeting, pp. 493-496.
60. van Frankenhuyzen, K. (1990) Development and current status of Bacillus thuringiensis for control of defoliating forest insects. For. Chron., Oct., 498-507.
61. van Frankenhuyzen, K., Weisner, C. J., Riley, C. M., Nystrom, C., Howard, C. A. and Howse, G. M. (1991) Distribution and activity of spray deposits in an oak canopy following aerial application of diluted and undiluted formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L.. Pestic. Sci. 33, 159-168
62. van Vliet, M. W. and Picot, J. J. C. (1987) Drop spectrum characterization for the Micronair AU4000 aerial spray atomizer. Atomization and Spray Technology 3, 12-134
63. Wallace, D. J., Picot, J. J. C. and Chapman, T. J. (1995) A numerical model for forestry aerial spraying. Agric. For. Meteorol. 76, 19-40
64. West, R. J., Raske, A. G. and Sundaram, A. (1989) Efficacy of oil-based formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki against the hemlock looper Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria. Can. Ent. 121, 55-63
65. Wickens, K. (1980) A stream tube concept for lift; with reference to the maximum size and configuration of aerial spray emissions. Can. Aeronaut. Sci. 26, 134-143
66. Womac, A. R., Mulrooney, J. E., Young, B. W. and Alexander, P. R. (1994) Air deflector effects on aerial sprays. Trans. ASAE 37, 725-733
67. Yates, W. E., Akesson, N. B. and Cowden, R. E. (1984) Measurement of drop size frequency from nozzles used for aerial applications of pesticides in forests. Report: number 8434 2804, USDA Forest Service Equipment Development Centre, Missoula, MT, 221 pp.
68. Yates, W. E., Cowden, R. E. and Akesson, N. B. (1983) Nozzle orientation, air speed and spray formulation affects on drop size spectrums. Trans. ASAE 26, 1638-1643
69. Yates, W. E., Cowden, R. E. and Akesson, N. B. (1985) Drop size spectra from nozzles in high-speed airstreams. Trans. ASAE, 28, 405-410 and 414.