Controls of the expression of the Vsg in Trypanosoma brucei

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

Volumn 91, Issue 1, 1998, Pages

  Vanhamme, Luc ^a   Pays, Etienne ^a  

^a FREE UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Antigens; Procyclin; Trypanosoma brucei; vsg expression

Indexed keywords

BERAPROST; RNA POLYMERASE; VARIANT SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

EID: 0032029249     PISSN: 01666851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00194-1     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. [1] Kooter JM, Borst P. α-Amanitin-insensitive transcription of variant surface glycoprotein genes provides further evidence for discontinuous transcription in trypanosomes. Nucl Acids Res 1984;12:9457-72.
2. [2] Rudenko G, Bishop D, Gottesdiener K, Van der Ploeg LHT. Alpha-amanitin resistant transcription of protein coding genes in insect and bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J 1989;8:4259-63.
3. [3] Rudenko G, Lee MSG, Van der Ploeg LHT. The PARP and VSG genes of Trypanosoma brucei do not resemble RNA polymerase II transcription units in sensitivity to the addition of sarkosyl in nuclear run-on assays. Nucl Acids Res 1991;20:303-6.
4. [4] Pays E, Coquelet H, Tebabi P, Pays A, Jefferies D, Steinert M, Koenig E, Williams RO, Roditi I. Trypanosoma brucei: constitutive activity of the VSG and procyclin promoters. EMBO J 1990;9:3145-51.
5. [5] Grondal EJM, Evers R, Kosubek K, Cornelissen AWCA. Characterization of the RNA polymerases of Trypanosoma brucei: trypanosomal mRNAs are composed of transcripts derived from both RNA polymerase II and III. EMBO J 1989;8:3383-9.
6. [6] Pays E, Vanhamme L, Berberof M. Genetic controls for the expression of surface antigens in african trypanosomes. Annu Rev Microbiol 1994;48:25-52.
7. [7] Archambault J, Friesen JD. Genetics of the RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Microbiol Rev 1993;57:703-24.
8. [8] Pays E, Tebabi P, Pays A, Coquelet H, Revelard P, Salmon D, Steinert M. The genes and transcripts of an antigen gene expression site from Trypanosoma brucei. Cell 1989;57:835-45.
9. [9] Gottesdiener K, Chung HM, Brown SD, Lee MGS, Van der Ploeg LHT. Characterization of VSG gene expression site promoters and promoter-associated DNA rearrangement events. Mol Cell Biol 1991;11:2467-80.
10. [10] Zomerdijk JCBM, Ouellette M, ten Asbroek ALMA, Kieft R, Bommer AMM, Clayton C, Borst P. The promoter for a variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J 1990;9:2791-801.
11. [11] Zomerdijk JCBM, Kieft R, Shiels PG, Borst P. Alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription units in trypanosomes: a comparison of promoter sequences for a VSG gene expression site and for the ribosomal RNA genes. Nucl Acids Res 1991;19:5153-8.
12. [12] Jefferies D, Tebabi P, Pays E. Transient activity assays of the Trypanosoma brucei VSG gene promoter: control of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Mol Cell Biol 1991;13:338-43.
13. [13] Vanhamme L, Pays A, Tebabi P, Alexandre S, Pays E. Specific binding of proteins to the noncoding strand of a crucial element of the variant surface glycoprotein, procyclin, and ribosomal promoters of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Cell Biol 1995;15:5598-606.
14. [14] Pham VP, Qi CC, Gottesdiener KM. A detailed mutational analysis of the VSG gene expression site promoter. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1996;75:241-54.
15. [15] Sherman DR, Janz L, Hug M, Clayton C. Anatomy of the PARP promoter of Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J 1991;10:3379-86.
16. [16] Brown SD, Huang J, Van der Ploeg LHT. The promoter for the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) genes of Trypanosoma brucei shares features with RNA polymerase I promoters. Mol Cell Biol 1992;12:2644-52.
17. [17] Janz L, Clayton C. The PARP and rRNA promoters of Trypanosoma brucei are composed of dissimilar sequence elements that are functionally interchangeable. Mol Cell Biol 1994;14:5804-11.
18. [18] Rudenko G, Blundell PA, Dirks-Mulder A, Kieft R, Borst P. A ribosomal DNA promoter replacing the promoter of a telomeric VSG expression site can be efficiently switched on and off in Trypanosoma brucei. Cell 1995;83:547-53.
19. [19] Nagoshio YL, Alarcon C, Donelson JE. The putative promoter for a metacyclic VSG gene in african trypanosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1995;72:33-45.
20. [20] Graham SV, Barry JD. Transcriptional regulation of metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein gene expression during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Cell Biol 1995;15:5945-56.
21. [21] Lee MGS. A foreign transcription unit in the inactivated VSG gene expression site of the procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei and formation of large episomes in stably transformed trypanosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1995;69:223-38.
22. [22] Jefferies D, Tebabi P, Le Ray D, Pays E. The ble resistance gene as a new selectable marker for Trypanosoma brucei: fly transmission of stable procyclic transformants to produce antibiotic resistant bloodstream forms. Nucl Acids Res 1993;21:191-5.
23. [23] Zomerdijk JCBM, Kieft R, Borst P. Insertion of the promoter for a variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in a RNA polymerase II transcription unit of procyclic Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1993;57:295-304.
24. [24] Biebinger S, Rettenmaier S, Flaspohler J, Hartmann C, Pena-Diaz J, Wirtz LE, Hotz HR, Barry JD, Clayton C. The PARP promoter of Trypanosoma brucei is developmentally regulated in a chromosomal context. Nucl Acids Res 1996;24:1202-11.
25. [25] Urmenyi TP, Van der Ploeg LHT. PARP promoter-mediated activation of a VSG expression site promoter in insect form Trypanosoma brucei. Nucl Acids Res 1995;23:1010-8.
26. [26] Qi CC, Urmenyi T, Gottesdiener KM. Analysis of a hybrid PARP/VSG ES promoter in procyclic trypanosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1996;77:147-59.
27. [27] Vanhamme L, Berberof M, Le Ray D, Pays E. Stimuli of differentiation regulate RNA elongation in the transcription units for the major stage-specific antigens of Trypanosoma brucei. Nucl Acids Res 1995;23:1862-9.
28. [28] Rudenko G, Blundell PA, Taylor MC, Kieft R, Borst P. VSG gene expression site control in insect form Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J 1994;13:5470-82.
29. [29] Navarro M, Cross GAM. DNA rearrangements associated with multiple consecutive directed antigenic switches in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Cell Biol 1996;16:3615-25.
30. [30] Vanhamme L, Pays E. Control of gene expression in trypanosomes. Microbiol Rev 1995;59:223-40.
31. [31] Berberof M, Vanhamme L, Tebabi P, Pays A, Jefferies D, Welburn S, Pays E. The 3′-terminal region of the mRNAs for the VSG and procyclin can confer stage specificity to gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei. EMBO J 1995;14:2925-34.
32. [32] Coquelet H, Tebabi P, Pays A, Steinert M, Pays E. Trypanosoma brucei: enrichment by UV of intergenic transcripts from the variable surface glycoprotein gene expression site. Mol Cell Biol 1989;9:4022-5.
33. [33] Pays E, Coquelet H, Pays A, Tebabi P, Steinert M. Trypanosoma brucei: posttranscriptional control of the variable surface glycoprotein gene expression site. Mol Cell Biol 1989;9:4018-21.
34. [34] Elhers B, Czichos J, Overath P. RNA turnover in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Cell Biol 1987;7:1242-9.
35. [35] Bass KE, Wang CC. Transient inhibition of protein synthesis accompanies differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei from bloodstream to procyclic forms. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1992;56:129-40.
36. [36] Paturiaux-Hanocq F, Zitzmann N, Hanocq-Quertier J, Vanhamme L, Rolin S, Geuskens M, Ferguson MAJ, Pays E. Expression of a variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma gambiense in procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei shows that the cell type dictates the nature of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor attached to the glycoprotein. Biochem J 1997;324:885-95.