Comparison of the National Research Council Energy System for Lactating Cows with Four European Systems

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 846-855

  Vermorel, M ^a   Coulon, J B ^a  

^a CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Feeding system; Lactation; Metabolizable energy; Net energy

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; CALORIC INTAKE; CATTLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; LACTATION; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; CATTLE; ENERGY INTAKE; FEMALE; LACTATION; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS;

EID: 0032016285     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75643-7     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Agricultural Research Council. 1980. The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Tech. Rev. Agric. Res. Council Working Party. Commonw. Agric. Bur., Farnham Royal, United Kingdom.
2. Agricultural Food Research Council. Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. 1990. Nutritive requirements of ruminant animals: energy. Nutr. Abstr. Rev. (Ser. B) 60: 729-804.
3. Blaxter, K. L., and F. W. Wainman. 1964. The utilization of the energy of different rations by sheep and cattle for maintenance and for fattening. J. Agric. Sci. 63:113-128.
4. Colucci, P. E., L. E. Chase, and P. J. Van Soest. 1982. Feed intake, apparent diet digestibility, and rate of particulate passage in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 65:1445-1456.
5. Coppock, C. E., W. P. Flatt, L. A. Moore, and W. E. Stewart. 1964. Effect of hay to grain ratio on utilization of metabolizable energy for milk production by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 47: 1330-1338.
6. Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft Verlag. 1982. Futterwerttabellen für Wiederkäuer 5. Erweiterte und neugestaltete Auflage. Deutsche Landwirtschaft Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
7. Dhiman, T. R., J. Kleinmans, N. J. Tessmann, H. D. Radloff, and L. D. Satter. 1995. Digestion and energy balance in lactating dairy cows fed varying ratios of alfalfa and grain. J. Dairy Sci. 78:330-341.
8. Dijkstra, J. 1993. Mathematical modelling and integration of rumen fermentation processes. Ph.D. Diss., Wageningen Univ., Wageningen, The Netherlands.
9. Forbes, E. B., W. W. Brahman, M. Kriss, and R. W. Swift. 1933. The associative effects of feeds in relation to the utilization of feed energy. J. Agric. Res 46:753.
10. Fox, D. G., C. J. Sniffen, J. D. O'Connor, J. B. Russell, and P. J. Van Soest. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: Cattle requirements and diet adequacy. J. Anim. Sci. 11:3578-3596.
11. Harlan, D. W., J. B. Holter, and H. H. Hayes. 1991. Detergent fiber traits to predict productive energy of forages fed free choice to nonlactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1337-1353.
12. Hoffmann, L., W. Jentsch, H. Wittenburg, and R. Schiemann. 1972. Die Verwertung der Futterenergie für die Milchproduktion. Arch. Tierernähr. 22:721-742.
13. Kirchgessner, M. 1995. Mitteilungen des Ausschusses für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. Zur Energiebewertung beim Wiederkäuer. Page 121 in Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 4, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
14. Lescoat, P., and D. Sauvant. 1995. Development of a mechanistic model for rumen digestion validated using duodenal flux of amino acids. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 35:45-70.
15. Llano, C. A., and E. J. De Peters. 1985. Apparent digestibilities of diets varying in ratios of forage to concentrate and quality of forage at two intake levels by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 68: 1189-1197.
16. MacRae, J. C., and D. G. Armstrong. 1969. Studies on intestinal digestion in sheep. 2. Digestion of some carbohydrate constituents in hay, cereal and hay-cereal rations. Br. J. Nutr. 23: 377-387.
17. Moe, P. W. 1965. Effects of level of intake on the utilization of diets by dairy cows. Ph.D. Diss., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
18. Moe, P. W., J. T. Reid, and H. F. Tyrrell. 1965. Effect of level of intake on digestibility of dietary energy by high-producing cows. J. Dairy Sci. 48:1053-1061.
19. Moe, P. W., and H. F. Tyrrell. 1976. Estimating metabolizable and net energy of feeds. Page 232 in Proc. 1st Int. Symp. Feed Comp., Anim. Nutrient Requirement Computerization Diets. Utah State Univ., Logan.
20. National Research Council. 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 6th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
21. Nocek, J. E., and S. Tamminga. 1991. Site of digestion of starch in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3598-3629.
22. Pitt, R. E., J. E. Van Kessel, D. G. Fox, A. N. Pell, M. C. Barry, and P. J. Van Soest. 1996. Prediction of ruminal volatile fatty acids and pH within the net carbohydrate and protein system. J. Anim. Sci. 74:226-244.
23. Russell, J. B., J. D. O'Connor, D. G. Fox, P. J. Van Soest, and C. J. Sniffen. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3551-3561.
24. Schiemann, R., L. Hoffmann, W. Jentsch, and A. Chudy. 1972. Energetische Futterbewertung und Energienormen. VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin, Germany.
25. Schiemann, R., W. Jentsch, and H. Wittenburg. 1971. Zur Abhänghigkeit der Verdaulichkeit der Energie und der Nährstoffe von der Höhe der Futteraufnahme und der Rationszuzammensetzung bei Milchkühen. Arch. Tierernaehr. 21:223-240.
26. Smith, N. E., M. D. Hanigan, and D. C. Weakley. 1996. Dairy energy systems: goals, present status, and future directions. J. Dairy Sci. 79:(Suppl. 1):196.(Abstr.)
27. Sniffen, C. J., J. D. O'Connor, P. J. Van Soest, D. G. Fox, and J. B. Russell. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3562-3577.
28. Staples, C. R., R. L. Fernando, G. C. Fayey, L. L. Berger, and E. H. Jaster. 1984. Effect of intake of a mixed diet by dairy steers on digestion events. J. Dairy Sci. 67:995-1006.
29. Tyrrell, H. F. 1966. Effect of method of forage preservation on the energetic efficiency of lactating cows. Ph.D. Diss., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
30. Tyrrell, H. F., and P. W. Moe. 1972. Net energy value for lactation of a high and a low concentrate ration containing corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 55:1106-1112.
31. Tyrrell, H. F., and P. W. Moe. 1975. Effect of intake on digestive efficiency. J. Dairy Sci. 58:1151-1163.
32. Van der Honing, Y., and G. Alderman. 1988. Livestock feed resources and feed evaluation in Europe. Present situation and future prospects. III-2. Ruminants. Livest. Prod. Sci. 19: 217-278.
33. Van der Honing, Y., and A. Steg. 1984. Relationship between energy values of feedstuffs predicted with thirteen feed evaluation systems for dairy cows. Inst. Veevoedingsonderzoek. Rep. No. 160, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
34. Van der Honing, Y., A. Steg, and A.J.H. Van Es. 1977. Feed evaluation for dairy cows: tests on the system proposed in the Netherlands. Livest. Prod. Sci. 4:57-67.
35. Van der Honing, Y., B. J. Wieman, A. Steg, and B. Van Donselaar. 1981. The effect of fat supplementation of concentrates on digestion and utilization of energy by productive dairy cows. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 29:79-92.
36. Van Es, A.J.H. 1975. Feed evaluation for dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2:95-107.
37. Van Es, A.J.H. 1978. Feed evaluation for ruminants. I. The systems in use from May 1977 onwards in the Netherlands. Livest. Prod. Sci. 5:331-345.
38. Vermorel, M., J. B. Coulon, and M. Journet. 1987. Révision du système des unités fourragères (UF). Bull. Tech. CRZV Theix. 70:9-18.
39. Vermorel, M., J. P. Dulphy, and J. C. Bouvier. 1987. Energy utilization of sodium hydroxide treated or untreated straw supplemented with protein or concentrates by adult sheep. I. Feed intake, digestibility, metabolizability and net energy value. Arch. Anim. Nutr. Berlin 37:805-821.
40. Wagner, D. G., and J. K. Loosli. 1967. Studies on the energy requirements of high producing dairy cows. Memoir 400, Cornell Univ., State Coll. Agric., Ithaca, NY.
41. Wheeler, W. E., C. H. Noller, and C. E. Coppock. 1975. Effect of forage to concentrate ratio in complete feeds and feed intake on digestion of starch by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 58:1902-1906.