Spectrum of CT Findings in Nonmalignant Disease of the Adrenal Gland

Radiographics

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 393-412

  Kawashima, Akira ^a   Sandler, Carl M ^a   Fishman, Elliot K ^b   Charnsangavej, Chusilp ^c   Yasumori, Kotaro ^d   Honda, Hiroshi ^e   Ernst, Randy D ^a   Takahashi, Naoki ^f   Raval, Bharat K ^f   Masuda, Kouji ^e   Goldman, Stanford M ^f  

^a Lyndon B Johnson General Hospital   (United States)

^b DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^d NATIONAL HOSPITAL ORGANIZATION KYUSHU MEDICAL CENTER   (Japan)

^e KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^f NONE

Author keywords

Adrenal gland, CT, 86.1211; Adrenal gland, cysts, 86.31; Adrenal gland, diseases, 86.2053, 86.23, 86.54; Adrenal gland, hemorrhage, 86.546; Adrenal gland, neoplasms, 86.31, 86.328; Pheochromocytoma, 86.328

Indexed keywords

ADDISON DISEASE; ADRENAL CORTEX ADENOMA; ADRENAL DISEASE; ADRENAL GLAND; ADRENAL TUMOR; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CUSHING SYNDROME; CYST; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; INFANT; INJURY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RADIOGRAPHY;

ADDISON DISEASE; ADRENAL GLAND DISEASES; ADRENAL GLAND NEOPLASMS; ADRENAL GLANDS; ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA; ADULT; AGED; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CUSHING SYNDROME; CYSTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 0032013844     PISSN: 02715333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.18.2.9536486     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Dunnick NR. Adrenal imaging: current status. AJR 1990; 154:927-936.
2. Choyke P. Imaging of the adrenal gland. In: McClennan BL, ed. Syllabus: a categorical course in genitourinary radiology. Oak Brook, III: Radiological Society of North America, 1994; 71-78.
3. Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, Korobkin M, Shapiro B. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev 1995; 16:460-484.
4. Korobkin M, Francis IR, Kloos RT, Dunnick NR. The incidental adrenal mass. Radiol Clin North Am 1996; 34:1037-1054.
5. Dunnick NR, Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr, Strott CA, Keiser HR, Brennan MF. Localization of functional adrenal tumors by computed tomography and venous sampling. Radiology 1982; 142:429-433.
6. Dunnick NR, Korobkin M, Francis I. Adrenal radiology: distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal masses. AJR 1996; 167:861-867.
7. Lee MJ, Hahn PF, Papanicolaou N, et al. Benign and malignant adrenal masses: CT distinction with attenuation coefficients, size, and observer analysis. Radiology 1991; 179:415-418.
8. van Erkel AR, van Gils APG, Lequin M, Kruitwagen C, Bloem JL, Falke THM. CT and MR distinction of adenomas and nonadenomas of the adrenal glands. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1994; 18:432-438.
9. Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Yutzy GG, et al. Differentiation of adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas using CT attenuation values. AJR 1996; 166:531-536.
10. Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Francis IR, Quint LE, Dunnick NR, Goodsitt M. Delayed enhanced CT for differentiation of benign from malignant adrenal masses. Radiology 1996; 200:737-742.
11. Doppman JL, Miller DL, Dwyer AJ, et al. Macronodular adrenal hyperplasia in Cushing disease. Radiology 1988; 166:347-352.
12. Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Travis WD, et al. CT and MR imaging of massive macronodular adrenocortical disease: a rare cause of autonomous primary adrenal hypercortisolism. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991; 15:773-779.
13. Doppman JL, Travis WD, Nieman L, et al. Cushing syndrome due to pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease: findings at CT and MR imaging. Radiology 1989; 172:415-420.
14. Doppman JL, Nieman L, Miller DL, et al. Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome: localization studies in 28 patients. Radiology 1989; 172:115-124.
15. Dunnick NR, Leight GS Jr, Roubidoux MA, et al. CT in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: sensitivity in 29 patients. AJR 1993; 160:321-324.
16. Miyake H, Maeda H, Tashiro M, et al. CT of adrenal tumors: frequency and clinical significance of low-attenuation lesions. AJR 1989; 152:1005-1007.
17. Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr. Hyperaldosteronism: sampling the adrenal veins. Radiology 1996; 198:309-312.
18. Radin DR, Manoogian C, Nadler JL. Diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism: importance of correlating CT findings with endocrinologic studies. AJR 1992; 158:553-557.
19. Neumann HPH, Berger DP, Sigmund G, et al. Pheochromocytomas, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and von Hippel-Lindau disease. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1531-1538.
20. Raisanen J, Shapiro B, Glazer GM, Desai S, Sisson JC. Plasma catecholamines in pheochromocytoma: effect of urographic contrast media. AJR 1984; 143:43-46.
21. Radin DR, Ralls PW, Boswell WD Jr, Colletti PM, Lapin SA, Halls JM. Pheochromocytoma: detection by unenhanced CT. AJR 1986; 146:741-744.
22. Mukherjee JJ, Peppercorn PD, Reznek RH, et al. Pheochromocytoma: effect of non-ionic contrast medium in CT on circulating catecholamine levels. Radiology 1997; 202:227-231.
23. Burks DW, Mirvis SE, Shanmuganathan K. Acute adrenal injury after blunt abdominal trauma: CT findings. AJR 1992; 158:503-507.
24. Sevitt S. Post-traumatic adrenal apoplexy. J Clin Pathol 1955; 8:185-194.
25. Sivit CJ, Ingram JD, Taylor GA, Bulas DI, Kushner DC, Eichelberger MR. Posttraumatic adrenal hemorrhage in children: CT findings in 34 patients. AJR 1992; 158:1299-1302.
26. Gomez RG, McAninch JW, Carroll PR. Adrenal gland trauma: diagnosis and management. J Trauma 1993; 35:870-874.
27. Kenney PJ, Stanley RJ. Calcified adrenal masses. Urol Radiol 1987; 9:9-15.
28. Mody MK, Kazerooni EA, Korobkin M. Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of adrenal masses: immediate and delayed complications. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995; 19:434-439.
29. Bowen A, Keslar P, Newman B, Hashida Y. Adrenal hemorrhage after liver transplantation. Radiology 1990; 176:85-88.
30. Wolverson MK, Kannegiesser H. CT of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage with acute adrenal insufficiency in the adult. AJR 1984; 142:311-314.
31. Ling D, Korobkin M, Silverman PM, Dunnick NR. CT demonstration of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. AJR 1983; 141:307-308.
32. Hoeffel C, Legmann P, Luton JP, Chapuis Y, Fayet-Boynnin P. Spontaneous unilateral adrenal hemorrhage: computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 8 cases. J Urol 1995; 154:1647-1651.
33. Rumancik M, Bosniak AB. Miscellaneous conditions of the adrenals and adrenal pseudotumors. In: Pollack HM, ed. Clinical urography. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1990; 2399-2412.
34. Tung GA, Pfister RC, Papanicolau N, Yoder IC. Adrenal cysts: imaging and percutaneous aspiration. Radiology 1989; 173:107-110.
35. Rozenblit A, Morehouse HT, Amis ES Jr. Cystic adrenal lesions: CT features. Radiology 1996; 201;541-548.
36. Sakamoto I, Nakahara N, Fukuda T, Nagayoshi K, Matsunaga N, Hayashi K. Atypical appearance of adrenal pseudocysts. J Urol 1994; 152:150-152.
37. Wilms GE, Baert AL, Kint EJ, Pringot JH, Goddeeris PG. Computed tomographic findings in bilateral adrenal tuberculosis. Radiology 1983; 146:729-730.
38. Buxi TB, Vohra RB, Sujatha Y, Byotra SP, Mukherji S, Daniel M. CT in adrenal enlargement due to tuberculosis: a review of literature with five new cases. Clin Imaging 1992; 16:102-108.
39. Radin DR. Disseminated histoplasmosis: abdominal CT findings in 16 patients. AJR 1991; 157:955-958.
40. Sarosi GA, Voth DW, Dahl BA, Doto IL, Tosh FE. Disseminated histoplasmosis: results of long-term follow-up: a Center for Disease Control cooperative mycoses study. Ann Intern Med 1971; 75:511-516.
41. Levine E. CT evaluation of acute adrenal histoplasmosis. Urol Radiol 1991; 13:103-106.
42. Wilson DA, Muchmore HG, Tisdal RG, Fahmy A, Pitha JV. Histoplasmosis of the adrenal glands studied by CT. Radiology 1984; 150: 779-783.
43. Radin DR, Baker EL, Klatt EC, et al. Visceral and nodal calcification in patients with AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii infection. AJR 1990; 154:27-31.
44. Atkinson GO Jr, Kodroff MB, Gay BB Jr, Ricketts RR. Adrenal abscess in the neonate. Radiology 1985; 155:101-104.
45. O'Brien WM, Choyke PL, Copeland J, Klappenbach RS, Lynch JH. Computed tomography of adrenal abscess. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1987; 11:550-551.
46. Korobkin M, Giordano TJ, Brodeur FJ, et al. Adrenal adenomas: relationship between histologic lipid and CT and MR findings. Radiology 1996; 200:743-747.
47. Korobkin MT, Brodeur FJ, Francis IR, Quint LE, Dunnick NR. Contrast enhancement washout characteristics of adrenal adenomas at CT (abstr). Radiology 1996; 201(P):187.
48. Boland GW, Hahn PF, Peña C, Mueller PR. Adrenal masses: characterization with delayed contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology 1997; 201: 693-696.
49. Szolar DH, Kammerhuber F. Quantitative CT evaluation of adrenal gland masses: a step forward in the differentiation between adenomas and nonadenomas? Radiology 1997; 202:517-521.
50. Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Francis IR, Quint LE, Dunnick NR, Londy F. Time-attenuation curves of adrenal adenomas and metastases following CT contrast enhancement. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Uroradiology, Santa Fe, NM, 1997.
51. Albala DM, Memoli VA, Chung CJ, Heaney JA, Sueoka BL. Hemorrhagic myelolipoma of the adrenal gland after blunt trauma. Urology 1991; 38:559-561.
52. Musante F, Derchi LE, Zappasodi F, et al. Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland: sonographic and CT features. AJR 1988; 151:961-964.
53. Cyran KM, Kenney PJ, Memel DS, Yacoub I. Adrenal myelolipoma. AJR 1996; 166:395-400.
54. Gaudio AD, Solidoro G, Martinelli G. Adrenal hemangiomas: two case reports with a review of the literature. Surgery 1989; 105:674-681.
55. Sabanegh E Jr, Harris MJ, Grider D. Cavernous adrenal hemangioma. Urology 1993; 42:327-330.
56. Derchi LE, Rapaccini GL, Banderali A, Danza FM, Grillo F. Ultrasound and CT findings in two cases of hemangioma of the adrenal gland. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989; 13:659-661.
57. Deckers F, De Schepper A, Shamsi K, Hauben E, Van Marck E. Cavernous hemangioma of the adrenal gland: CT appearance. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1993; 17:506-507.
58. Enzinger FM, Weis SW. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors and related lesions. In: Enzinger FM, Weiss SW, eds. Soft tissue tumors. 3rd ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book, 1995; 929-964.
59. Bosniak MA. Neoplasms of the adrenal medulla. In: Pollack HM, ed. Clinical urography. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1990; 2344-2346.
60. Radin R, David CL, Goldfarb H, Francis IR. Adrenal and extraadrenal retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: imaging findings in 13 adults. Radiology 1997; 201:703-707.
61. Johnson GL, Hruban RH, Marshall FF, Fishman EK. Primary adrenal ganglioneuroma: CT findings in four patients. AJR 1997; 169:169-171.
62. Doppman JL. Adrenal cortical insufficiency. In: Pollack HM, ed. Clinical urography. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1990; 2338-2343.
63. Doppman JL, Gill JR Jr, Nienhuis AW, Earl JM, Long JA Jr. CT findings in Addison's disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1982; 6:757-761.
64. Sawczuk IS, Reitelman C, Libby C, Grant D, Vita J, White RD. CT findings in Addison's disease caused by tuberculosis. Urol Radiol 1986; 8:44-45.
65. Jarvis JL, Jenkins D, Sosman MC, Thorn GW. Roentgenologic observations in Addison's disease: a review of 120 cases. Radiology 1954; 62:16-28.
66. Vita JA, Silverberg SJ, Goland RS, Austin JHM, Knowlton AI. Clinical clues to the cause of Addison's disease. Am J Med 1985; 78:461-466.