The prime lexicality effect: Form-priming as a function of prime awareness, lexical status, and discrimination difficulty

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 498-514

  Forster, Kenneth I ^a   Veres, Csaba ^a  

^a University of Arizona   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FEMALE; HUMAN; LINGUISTICS; MALE; PHONETICS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REACTION TIME; READING; SEMANTICS; STUDENT;

ADULT; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHONETICS; PSYCHOLINGUISTICS; REACTION TIME; READING; SEMANTICS; STUDENTS;

EID: 0032013466     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.498     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Andrews, S. (1989). Frequency and neighborhood effects on lexical access: Activation or search? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 802-814.
2. Andrews, S. (1992). Frequency and neighborhood effects on lexical access: Lexical similarity or orthographic redundancy? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 234-254.
3. Colombo, L. (1986). Activation and inhibition with orthographically similar words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12, 226-234.
4. Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608.
5. Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J.T., & Besner, D. (1977). Access to the internal lexicon. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 535-555). London: Academic Press.
6. Drews, E., & Zwitserlood, P. (1995). Morphological and orthographic similarity in visual word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1098-1116.
7. Evett, L. J., & Humphreys, G. W. (1981). The use of abstract graphemic information in lexical access. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 33, 325-350.
8. Ferrand, L., & Grainger, J. (1992). Phonology and orthography in visual word recognition: Evidence from masked nonword priming. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 45(A), 353-372.
9. Ferrand, L., & Grainger, J. (1993). The time-course of phonological and orthographic code activation in the early phases of visual word recognition. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 31, 119-122.
10. Forster, K. I. (1987). Form-priming with masked primes: The best-match hypothesis. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention & performance XII: The psychology of reading (pp. 127-146). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Forster, K. I. (1992). Lexical effects in masked form-priming. Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomics Society, St. Louis, MO.
12. Forster, K. I., & Davis, C. (1984). Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 680-698.
13. Forster, K. I., & Davis, C. (1991). The density constraint on form-priming in the naming task: Interference effects from a masked prime. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 1-25.
14. Forster, K. I., Davis, C., Schoknecht, C., & Carter, R. (1987). Masked priming with graphemically related forms: Repetition or partial activation? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 39(A), 211-251.
15. Forster, K. I., Dupoux, E., & Haan, R. (1990, November). The neighborhood density constraint on masked form-priming: Two modeling approaches. Paper presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Psychonomics Society, New Orleans, LA.
16. Forster, K. I., & Shen, D. (1996). No enemies in the neighborhood: Absence of inhibitory neighborhood effects in lexical decision and semantic categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 696-713.
17. Forster, K. I., & Taft, M. (1994). Bodies, antibodies, and neighborhood density effects in masked form-priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 844-863.
18. Frost, R., Forster, K. I., & Deutsch, A. (1997). What can we learn from the morphology of Hebrew? A masked priming investigation of morphological representation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 829-856.
19. Gollan, T. H., Forster, K. I., & Frost, R. (1997). Translation priming with different scripts: Masked priming with cognates and noncognates in Hebrew-English bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1122-1139.
20. Grainger, J., Cole, P., & Segui, J. (1991). Masked morphological priming in visual word recognition. Journal of Memory & Language, 30, 370-384.
21. Grainger, J., & Ferrand, L. (1994). Phonology and orthography in visual word recognition: Effects of masked homophone primes. Journal of Memory & Language, 33, 218-233.
22. Grainger, J., & Jacobs, A. M. (1996). Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model. Psychological Review, 103, 518-565.
23. Humphreys, G. W., Besner, D., & Quinlan, P. T. (1988). Event perception and the word repetition effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 51-67.
24. Humphreys, G. W., Evett, L. J., Quinlan, P. T., & Besner, D. (1987). Orthographic priming: Qualitative differences between priming from identified and unidentified primes. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and performance XII: The psychology of reading (pp. 201-219). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
25. Jacobs, A. M., & Grainger, J. (1992). Testing a semistochastic variant of the interactive activation model in different word recognition experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 1174-1188.
26. Kinoshita, S. (1987). Case alternation effect: Two types of word recognition? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 39(A), 701-720.
27. Lukatela, G., & Turvey, M. T. (1994). Visual lexical access is initially phonological: 2. Evidence from phonological priming by homophones and pseudohomophones. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 331-353.
28. Lupker, S. J., & Colombo, L. (1994). Inhibitory effects in form priming: An evaluation of phonological contribution. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 437-451.
29. Marcel, A. J. (1983a). Conscious and unconscious perception: An approach to the relations between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 238-300.
30. Marcel, A. J. (1983b). Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on visual masking and word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 197-237.
31. Martin, R. C., & Jensen, C. R. (1988). Phonological priming in the lexical decision task: A failure to replicate. Memory & Cognition, 16, 505-521.
32. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.
33. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1986). Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructures of cognition: Vol. 2. Psychological and biological models. Cambridge, MA: Bradford - MIT Press.
34. McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1988). Explorations in parallel distributed processing. Cambridge, MA: Bradford - MIT Press.
35. Monsell, S., Doyle, M. C., & Haggard, P. N. (1989). Effects of frequency on word recognition tasks: Where are they? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 43-71.
36. Neely, J. H. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In D. Besner & G. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 264-336). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
37. O'Connor, R. E., & Forster, K. I. (1981). Criterion bias and search sequence bias in word recognition. Memory & Cognition, 9, 78-92.
38. Rajaram, S., & Neely, J. H. (1992). Dissociative masked repetition priming and word frequency effects in lexical decision and episodic recognition tasks. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 152-182.
39. Sears, C. R., Hino, Y., & Lupker, S. (1995). Neighborhood size and neighborhood frequency effects in word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 876-900.
40. Segui, J., & Grainger, J. (1990). Priming word recognition with orthographic neighbors: Effects of relative prime-target frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 65-76.
41. Sereno, J. A. (1991). Graphemic, associative, and syntactic priming effects at brief stimulus onset asynchrony in lexical decision and naming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 459-477.
42. Slowiaczek, L. M., & Hamburger, M. (1992). Prelexical facilitation and lexical interference in auditory word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1239-1250.
43. Veres, C. (1986). Factors affecting word selection in a masked prime paradigm. Unpublished honors thesis, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.