메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 73-82

Patterns of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA sequence divergence among nymphalid butterflies: The utility of wingless as a source of characters for phylogenetic inference

Author keywords

COII; Lepidoptera; Molecular systematics; mtDNA; Nymphalidae; Wingless

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENTARY DNA; DNA; DROSOPHILA PROTEIN; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; ONCOPROTEIN; WINGLESS PROTEIN, DROSOPHILA;

EID: 0032007952     PISSN: 09621075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.1998.71052.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (258)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0026746685 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from 12S ribosomal RNA sequences that onychophorans are modified arthropods
    • Ballard, J.W.O., Olsen, G.J., Faith, D.P., Odgers, W.A., Rowell, D.M. and Atkinson, P.W. (1992) Evidence from 12S ribosomal RNA sequences that onychophorans are modified arthropods. Science 258: 1345-1348.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 1345-1348
    • Ballard, J.W.O.1    Olsen, G.J.2    Faith, D.P.3    Odgers, W.A.4    Rowell, D.M.5    Atkinson, P.W.6
  • 3
    • 84989412861 scopus 로고
    • On the independence of systematics
    • Brady, R.H. (1985) On the independence of systematics. Cladistics 1: 113-126.
    • (1985) Cladistics , vol.1 , pp. 113-126
    • Brady, R.H.1
  • 4
    • 0000367652 scopus 로고
    • The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction
    • Bremer, K. (1988) The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolution 42: 795-803.
    • (1988) Evolution , vol.42 , pp. 795-803
    • Bremer, K.1
  • 5
    • 43949160320 scopus 로고
    • Branch support and tree stability
    • Bremer, K. (1994) Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 10: 295-304.
    • (1994) Cladistics , vol.10 , pp. 295-304
    • Bremer, K.1
  • 6
    • 0028303111 scopus 로고
    • Rapid morphological radiation and convergence among races of the butterfly Heliconius erato inferred from patterns of mitochondrial DNA evolution
    • Brower, A.V.Z. (1994a) Rapid morphological radiation and convergence among races of the butterfly Heliconius erato inferred from patterns of mitochondrial DNA evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 6491-6495.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 6491-6495
    • Brower, A.V.Z.1
  • 7
    • 0028450671 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of Heliconius butterflies inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
    • Brower, A.V.Z. (1994b) Phylogeny of Heliconius butterflies inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 3: 159-174.
    • (1994) Mol Phylogenet Evol , vol.3 , pp. 159-174
    • Brower, A.V.Z.1
  • 8
    • 0029749096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel race formation and the evolution of mimicry in Heliconius butterflies: A phylogenetic hypothesis from mitochondrial DNA sequences
    • Brower, A.V.Z. (1996) Parallel race formation and the evolution of mimicry in Heliconius butterflies: a phylogenetic hypothesis from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Evolution 50: 195-221.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 195-221
    • Brower, A.V.Z.1
  • 9
    • 0028311764 scopus 로고
    • Practical and theoretical considerations for choice of a DNA sequence region in insect molecular systematics, with a short review of published studies using nuclear gene regions
    • Brower, A.V.Z. and DeSalle, R. (1994) Practical and theoretical considerations for choice of a DNA sequence region in insect molecular systematics, with a short review of published studies using nuclear gene regions. Ann Entomol Soc Amer 87: 702-716.
    • (1994) Ann Entomol Soc Amer , vol.87 , pp. 702-716
    • Brower, A.V.Z.1    DeSalle, R.2
  • 10
    • 0030512416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene trees, species trees and systematics: A cladistic perspective
    • Brower, A.V.Z., DeSalle, R. and Vogler, A. (1996) Gene trees, species trees and systematics: a cladistic perspective. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 27:423-450.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.27 , pp. 423-450
    • Brower, A.V.Z.1    DeSalle, R.2    Vogler, A.3
  • 11
    • 0030746148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cladistics of Heliconius butterflies and relatives (Nymphalidae: Heliconiiti): The phylogenetic position of Eueides based on sequences from mtDNA and a nuclear gene
    • Brower, A.V.Z. and Egan, M.G. (1997) Cladistics of Heliconius butterflies and relatives (Nymphalidae: Heliconiiti): the phylogenetic position of Eueides based on sequences from mtDNA and a nuclear gene. Proc R Soc Lond B 264: 969-977.
    • (1997) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.264 , pp. 969-977
    • Brower, A.V.Z.1    Egan, M.G.2
  • 12
    • 0019348091 scopus 로고
    • Intra- and interspecific variation of the mitochondrial genome in Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus: Restriction enzyme analysis of variant mitochondrial DNA molecules and their evolutionary relationships
    • Brown, G.G. and Simpson, M.V. (1981) Intra- and interspecific variation of the mitochondrial genome in Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus: restriction enzyme analysis of variant mitochondrial DNA molecules and their evolutionary relationships. Genetics 97: 125-143.
    • (1981) Genetics , vol.97 , pp. 125-143
    • Brown, G.G.1    Simpson, M.V.2
  • 13
    • 0001528911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of host races of the goldenrod ball gallmaker, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    • Brown, J.M., Abrahamson, W.G. and Way, P.A. (1996) Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of host races of the goldenrod ball gallmaker, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Evolution 50: 777-786.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 777-786
    • Brown, J.M.1    Abrahamson, W.G.2    Way, P.A.3
  • 14
    • 0027979994 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of Greya (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae), based on nucleotide sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II: congruence with morphological data
    • Brown, J.M., Pellmyr, O., Thompson, J.N. and Harrison, R.G. (1994) Phylogeny of Greya (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae), based on nucleotide sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II: congruence with morphological data. Mol Biol Evol 11: 128-141.
    • (1994) Mol Biol Evol , vol.11 , pp. 128-141
    • Brown, J.M.1    Pellmyr, O.2    Thompson, J.N.3    Harrison, R.G.4
  • 15
    • 0001947514 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA
    • Nei, M. and Koehn, R.K., eds. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
    • Brown, W.M. (1983) Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Evolution of Genes and Proteins (Nei, M. and Koehn, R.K., eds), pp. 62-88. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
    • (1983) Evolution of Genes and Proteins , pp. 62-88
    • Brown, W.M.1
  • 17
    • 0020328686 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA sequences of primates: Tempo and mode of evolution
    • Brown, W.M., Prager, E.M., Wang, A. and Wilson, A.C. (1982) Mitochondrial DNA sequences of primates: tempo and mode of evolution. J Mol Evol 18: 225-239.
    • (1982) J Mol Evol , vol.18 , pp. 225-239
    • Brown, W.M.1    Prager, E.M.2    Wang, A.3    Wilson, A.C.4
  • 18
    • 0025779286 scopus 로고
    • Synonymous nucleotide substitution rates in mammalian genes: Implications for the molecular clock and the relationship of mammalian orders
    • Bulmer, M., Wolfe, K.H. and Sharp, P.M. (1991) Synonymous nucleotide substitution rates in mammalian genes: implications for the molecular clock and the relationship of mammalian orders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 5974-5978.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 5974-5978
    • Bulmer, M.1    Wolfe, K.H.2    Sharp, P.M.3
  • 20
    • 0029027331 scopus 로고
    • A highly conserved nuclear gene for low-level phylogenetics: Elongation factor 1a recovers morphology-based tree for heliothine moths
    • Cho, S., Mitchell, A., Regier, J.C., Mitter, C., Poole, R.W., Friedlander, T.P. and Zhao, S. (1995) A highly conserved nuclear gene for low-level phylogenetics: elongation factor 1a recovers morphology-based tree for heliothine moths. Mol Biol Evol 12: 650-656.
    • (1995) Mol Biol Evol , vol.12 , pp. 650-656
    • Cho, S.1    Mitchell, A.2    Regier, J.C.3    Mitter, C.4    Poole, R.W.5    Friedlander, T.P.6    Zhao, S.7
  • 21
    • 0022271984 scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Drosophila yakuba: Nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code
    • Clary, D.O. and Wolstenholme, D.R. (1985) The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Drosophila yakuba: nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code. J Mol Evol 22: 252-271.
    • (1985) J Mol Evol , vol.22 , pp. 252-271
    • Clary, D.O.1    Wolstenholme, D.R.2
  • 22
    • 0028345607 scopus 로고
    • The wingless signalling pathway and the patterning of the wing margin in Drosophila
    • Couso, J.P., Bishop, S.A. and Martinez Arias, A. (1994) The wingless signalling pathway and the patterning of the wing margin in Drosophila. Development 120: 621-636.
    • (1994) Development , vol.120 , pp. 621-636
    • Couso, J.P.1    Bishop, S.A.2    Martinez Arias, A.3
  • 23
    • 0029188588 scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic structure for the monocotyledons, as inferred from chloroplast DNA restriction site variation, and a comparison of measures of clade support
    • Davis, J.I. (1995) A phylogenetic structure for the monocotyledons, as inferred from chloroplast DNA restriction site variation, and a comparison of measures of clade support. Syst Bot 20: 503-527.
    • (1995) Syst Bot , vol.20 , pp. 503-527
    • Davis, J.I.1
  • 24
    • 0030123853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera): Problems and prospects
    • de Jong, R., Vane-Wright, R.I. and Ackery, P.R. (1996) The higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera): problems and prospects. Ent Scand 27: 65-101.
    • (1996) Ent Scand , vol.27 , pp. 65-101
    • De Jong, R.1    Vane-Wright, R.I.2    Ackery, P.R.3
  • 25
    • 0031350120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process partitions, congruence and the independence of characters: Inferring relationships among closely-related Hawaiian Drosophila from multiple gene regions
    • in press
    • DeSalle, R. and Brower, A.V.Z. (1997) Process partitions, congruence and the independence of characters: inferring relationships among closely-related Hawaiian Drosophila from multiple gene regions. Syst Biol (in press).
    • (1997) Syst Biol
    • DeSalle, R.1    Brower, A.V.Z.2
  • 26
    • 0023478742 scopus 로고
    • Tempo and mode of sequence evolution in mitochondrial DNA of Hawaiian Drosophila
    • DeSalle, R., Freedman, T., Prager, E.M. and Wilson, A.C. (1987) Tempo and mode of sequence evolution in mitochondrial DNA of Hawaiian Drosophila. J Mol Evol 26: 157-164.
    • (1987) J Mol Evol , vol.26 , pp. 157-164
    • DeSalle, R.1    Freedman, T.2    Prager, E.M.3    Wilson, A.C.4
  • 27
    • 0027941868 scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny of the insect order Hymenoptera: Apocritan relationships
    • Dowton, M. and Austin, A.D. (1994) Molecular phylogeny of the insect order Hymenoptera: apocritan relationships. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9911-9915.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 9911-9915
    • Dowton, M.1    Austin, A.D.2
  • 28
    • 0040892579 scopus 로고
    • Butterflies from the middle Eocene: The earliest occurrence of fossil Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera)
    • Durden, C.J. and Rose, H. (1978) Butterflies from the middle Eocene: the earliest occurrence of fossil Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera). The Pearce-Sellards Series of the Texas Memorial Museum 29: 1-25.
    • (1978) The Pearce-Sellards Series of the Texas Memorial Museum , vol.29 , pp. 1-25
    • Durden, C.J.1    Rose, H.2
  • 29
    • 0001151063 scopus 로고
    • The logical basis of phylogenetic analysis
    • Platnick, N.I. and Funk, V.A., eds. Columbia University Press, New York
    • Farris, J.S. (1983) The logical basis of phylogenetic analysis. Advances in Cladistics, Vol. 2 (Platnick, N.I. and Funk, V.A., eds), pp. 7-36. Columbia University Press, New York.
    • (1983) Advances in Cladistics , vol.2 , pp. 7-36
    • Farris, J.S.1
  • 31
    • 0029468060 scopus 로고
    • Constructing a significance test for incongruence
    • Farris, J.S., Källersjö, M., Kluge, A.G. and Bult, C. (1995) Constructing a significance test for incongruence. Syst Biol 44: 570-572.
    • (1995) Syst Biol , vol.44 , pp. 570-572
    • Farris, J.S.1    Källersjö, M.2    Kluge, A.G.3    Bult, C.4
  • 32
    • 11944249443 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear gene sequences for higher-level phylogenetic analysis: Fourteen promising candidates
    • Friedlander, T.P., Regier, J.C. and Mitter, C. (1992) Nuclear gene sequences for higher-level phylogenetic analysis: fourteen promising candidates. Syst Biol 41: 483-490.
    • (1992) Syst Biol , vol.41 , pp. 483-490
    • Friedlander, T.P.1    Regier, J.C.2    Mitter, C.3
  • 33
    • 0028257559 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic information content of five nuclear gene sequences in animals: Initial assessment of character sets from concordance and divergence studies
    • Friedlander, T.P., Regier, J.C. and Mitter, C. (1994) Phylogenetic information content of five nuclear gene sequences in animals: initial assessment of character sets from concordance and divergence studies. Syst Biol 43: 511-525.
    • (1994) Syst Biol , vol.43 , pp. 511-525
    • Friedlander, T.P.1    Regier, J.C.2    Mitter, C.3
  • 34
    • 0029864622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nuclear gene for higher level phylogenetics: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase tracks Mesozoic-age divergences within Lepidoptera (Insecta)
    • Friedlander, T.P., Regier, J.C., Mitter, C. and Wagner, D.L. (1996) A nuclear gene for higher level phylogenetics: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase tracks Mesozoic-age divergences within Lepidoptera (Insecta). Mol Biol Evol 13: 594-604.
    • (1996) Mol Biol Evol , vol.13 , pp. 594-604
    • Friedlander, T.P.1    Regier, J.C.2    Mitter, C.3    Wagner, D.L.4
  • 35
    • 0024486266 scopus 로고
    • Animal mitochondrial DNA as a genetic marker in population and evolutionary biology
    • Harrison, R.G. (1989) Animal mitochondrial DNA as a genetic marker in population and evolutionary biology. Trends Ecol Evol 4: 6-11.
    • (1989) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.4 , pp. 6-11
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 36
    • 0002102536 scopus 로고
    • Higher classification of the Nymphalidae
    • Nijhout, H.F., ed. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
    • Harvey, D.J. (1991) Higher classification of the Nymphalidae. The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns (Nijhout, H.F., ed.), pp. 255-273. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
    • (1991) The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns , pp. 255-273
    • Harvey, D.J.1
  • 37
    • 0020960762 scopus 로고
    • Transitions and transversions in evolutionary descent: An approach to understanding
    • Holmquist, R. (1983) Transitions and transversions in evolutionary descent: an approach to understanding. J Mol Evol 19: 134-144.
    • (1983) J Mol Evol , vol.19 , pp. 134-144
    • Holmquist, R.1
  • 38
    • 0028929916 scopus 로고
    • A phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes
    • Kambhampati, S. (1995) A phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 2017-2020.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 2017-2020
    • Kambhampati, S.1
  • 39
    • 0029365329 scopus 로고
    • Use of RNA secondary structure in phylogenetic studies to identify homologous positions: An example of alignment and data presentation from the frogs
    • Kjer, K.M. (1995) Use of RNA secondary structure in phylogenetic studies to identify homologous positions: an example of alignment and data presentation from the frogs. Mol Phylogenet Evol 4: 314-330.
    • (1995) Mol Phylogenet Evol , vol.4 , pp. 314-330
    • Kjer, K.M.1
  • 40
    • 0028333902 scopus 로고
    • Drosophila mode of metamerization in the embryogenesis of the lepidopteran insect Manduca sexta
    • Kraft, R. and Jäckle, H. (1994) Drosophila mode of metamerization in the embryogenesis of the lepidopteran insect Manduca sexta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 6634-6638.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 6634-6638
    • Kraft, R.1    Jäckle, H.2
  • 41
    • 0029186084 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA variation and identification of bark weevils in the Pissodes strobi species group in western Canada (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    • Langor, D.W. and Sperling, F.A.H. (1995) Mitochondrial DNA variation and identification of bark weevils in the Pissodes strobi species group in western Canada (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Can Entomol 127: 895-911.
    • (1995) Can Entomol , vol.127 , pp. 895-911
    • Langor, D.W.1    Sperling, F.A.H.2
  • 42
    • 0026822397 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase II gene among ten orders of insects
    • Liu, H. and Beckenbach, A.T. (1992) Evolution of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase II gene among ten orders of insects. Mol Phylogenet Evol 1: 41-52.
    • (1992) Mol Phylogenet Evol , vol.1 , pp. 41-52
    • Liu, H.1    Beckenbach, A.T.2
  • 44
    • 0000147290 scopus 로고
    • The implications of congruence in Menidia
    • Mickevich, M.F. and Farris, J.S. (1981) The implications of congruence in Menidia. Syst Zool 30: 351-370.
    • (1981) Syst Zool , vol.30 , pp. 351-370
    • Mickevich, M.F.1    Farris, J.S.2
  • 45
    • 0031005022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of the neotropical moth tribe Josiini (Notodontidae: Dioptinae): combining and comparing evidence from DNA sequences and morphology
    • Miller, J.S., Brower, A.V.Z. and DeSalle, R. (1997) Phylogeny of the neotropical moth tribe Josiini (Notodontidae: Dioptinae): combining and comparing evidence from DNA sequences and morphology. Biol J Linn Soc 60: 297-316.
    • (1997) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.60 , pp. 297-316
    • Miller, J.S.1    Brower, A.V.Z.2    DeSalle, R.3
  • 46
    • 0029999783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct mitogenic and cell fate specification function of wingless in different regions of the wing
    • Neumann, C.J. and Cohen, S.M. (1996) Distinct mitogenic and cell fate specification function of wingless in different regions of the wing. Development 122: 1781-1789.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 1781-1789
    • Neumann, C.J.1    Cohen, S.M.2
  • 47
    • 0029730585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and evolution of parthenogenetic weevils of the Aramigus tessellatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Naupactini): evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences
    • Normark, B.B. (1996) Phylogeny and evolution of parthenogenetic weevils of the Aramigus tessellatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Naupactini): evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Evolution 50: 734-745.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 734-745
    • Normark, B.B.1
  • 48
    • 0024359678 scopus 로고
    • Rates of molecular evolution and the fraction of nucleotide positions free to vary
    • Palumbi, S.R. (1989) Rates of molecular evolution and the fraction of nucleotide positions free to vary. J Mol Evol 29: 180-187.
    • (1989) J Mol Evol , vol.29 , pp. 180-187
    • Palumbi, S.R.1
  • 49
    • 0030598891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serpentine proteins slither into the wingless and hedgehog fields
    • Perrimon, N. (1996) Serpentine proteins slither into the wingless and hedgehog fields. Cell 86: 513-516.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 513-516
    • Perrimon, N.1
  • 51
    • 0022885993 scopus 로고
    • Rates of nucleotide substitution in Drosophila mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA are similar
    • Powell, J.R., Caccone, A., Amato, G.D. and Yoon, C. (1986) Rates of nucleotide substitution in Drosophila mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA are similar. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9090-9093.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.83 , pp. 9090-9093
    • Powell, J.R.1    Caccone, A.2    Amato, G.D.3    Yoon, C.4
  • 52
    • 0023653232 scopus 로고
    • The Drosophila homologue of the mouse mammary oncogene int-1 is identical to the segment polarity gene wingless
    • Rijsewijk, F., Schuermann, M., Wagenaar, E., Parren, P., Weigel, D. and Nusse, R. (1987) The Drosophila homologue of the mouse mammary oncogene int-1 is identical to the segment polarity gene wingless. Cell 50: 649-657.
    • (1987) Cell , vol.50 , pp. 649-657
    • Rijsewijk, F.1    Schuermann, M.2    Wagenaar, E.3    Parren, P.4    Weigel, D.5    Nusse, R.6
  • 53
    • 0024591558 scopus 로고
    • On the rate of DNA sequence evolution in Drosophila
    • Sharp, P.M. and Li, W.-H. (1989) On the rate of DNA sequence evolution in Drosophila. J Mol Evol 28: 398-402.
    • (1989) J Mol Evol , vol.28 , pp. 398-402
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Li, W.-H.2
  • 54
    • 0026750554 scopus 로고
    • Diversification of the Wnt gene family on the ancestral lineage of vertebrates
    • Sidow, A. (1992) Diversification of the Wnt gene family on the ancestral lineage of vertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 5098-5102.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 5098-5102
    • Sidow, A.1
  • 55
    • 0028251187 scopus 로고
    • Evolution, weighting and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences anda compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers
    • Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. and Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighting and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences anda compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann Entomol Soc Amer 87: 651-701.
    • (1994) Ann Entomol Soc Amer , vol.87 , pp. 651-701
    • Simon, C.1    Frati, F.2    Beckenbach, A.3    Crespi, B.4    Liu, H.5    Flook, P.6
  • 56
    • 0345082118 scopus 로고
    • Some bionomic notes on British East African butterflies with further notes and descriptions and an appendix containing the description of new British East African forms
    • 3 plates
    • St. Aubyn Rogers, K., Poulton, E.B. and Trimen, R. (1908) Some bionomic notes on British East African butterflies with further notes and descriptions and an appendix containing the description of new British East African forms. Trans Ent Soc Lond 1908: 489-557, 3 plates.
    • (1908) Trans Ent Soc Lond , vol.1908 , pp. 489-557
    • St. Aubyn Rogers, K.1    Poulton, E.B.2    Trimen, R.3
  • 57
    • 0028242745 scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic analysis of soldier evolution in the aphid family Hormaphididae
    • Stern, D.L. (1994) A phylogenetic analysis of soldier evolution in the aphid family Hormaphididae. Proc R Soc Lond B 256: 203-209.
    • (1994) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.256 , pp. 203-209
    • Stern, D.L.1
  • 58
    • 0029925398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geography-linked phylogeny of the Damaster ground beetles inferred from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences
    • Su, Z.-H., Ohama, T., Okada, T.S., Nakamura, K., Ishikawa, R. and Osawa, S. (1996) Geography-linked phylogeny of the Damaster ground beetles inferred from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences. J Mol Evol 42: 130-134.
    • (1996) J Mol Evol , vol.42 , pp. 130-134
    • Su, Z.-H.1    Ohama, T.2    Okada, T.S.3    Nakamura, K.4    Ishikawa, R.5    Osawa, S.6
  • 60
    • 0000316917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessment of butterfly family relationships using independent genes and morphology
    • Weller, S.J., Pashley, D.P. and Martin, J.A. (1996) Reassessment of butterfly family relationships using independent genes and morphology. Ann Entomol Soc Amer 89: 184-192.
    • (1996) Ann Entomol Soc Amer , vol.89 , pp. 184-192
    • Weller, S.J.1    Pashley, D.P.2    Martin, J.A.3
  • 61
    • 0028692811 scopus 로고
    • Sources of ambiguity in nucleic acid sequence alignment
    • Schierwater, B., Streit, B., Wagner, G.P. and DeSalle, R., eds. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel
    • Wheeler, W.C. (1994) Sources of ambiguity in nucleic acid sequence alignment. Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications (Schierwater, B., Streit, B., Wagner, G.P. and DeSalle, R., eds), pp. 323-354. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel.
    • (1994) Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications , pp. 323-354
    • Wheeler, W.C.1
  • 63
    • 0000790740 scopus 로고
    • Cladistic relationships among higher groups of Heteroptera: Congruence between morphological and molecular data sets
    • Wheeler, W.C., Schuh, R.T. and Bang, R. (1993b) Cladistic relationships among higher groups of Heteroptera: congruence between morphological and molecular data sets. Ent Scand 24: 121-137.
    • (1993) Ent Scand , vol.24 , pp. 121-137
    • Wheeler, W.C.1    Schuh, R.T.2    Bang, R.3
  • 64
    • 0027422858 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian gene evolution: Nucleotide sequence divergence between mouse and rat
    • Wolfe, K.H. and Sharp, P.M. (1993) Mammalian gene evolution: nucleotide sequence divergence between mouse and rat. J Mol Evol 37: 441-456.
    • (1993) J Mol Evol , vol.37 , pp. 441-456
    • Wolfe, K.H.1    Sharp, P.M.2
  • 65
    • 0000175619 scopus 로고
    • Rates of synonymous substitution in plant nuclear genes
    • Wolfe, K.H., Sharp, P.M. and Li, W.-H. (1989) Rates of synonymous substitution in plant nuclear genes. J Mol Evol 29: 208-211.
    • (1989) J Mol Evol , vol.29 , pp. 208-211
    • Wolfe, K.H.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Li, W.-H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.