Multi-pollutant modelling and the critical loads approach for nitrogen

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 401-408

  Metcalfe, S E ^a   Whyatt, J D ^b   Derwent, R G ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^c MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Coupled chemistry; Critical loads function; Modelling; Nonlinearity; S protocol

Indexed keywords

CRITICAL LOADS APPROACH; MULTIPOLLUTANT MODELLING;

AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NITROGEN OXIDES; OXIDATION; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL;

AMMONIA; NITROGEN; NITROGEN OXIDE; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

AMMINIUM; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CRITICAL LOAD; NITROGEN; POLLUTANT MODELLING;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; CONFERENCE PAPER; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0032005339     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00311-7     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (16)

1. ApSimon H., Barker B. M., Kayin S. Modelling studies of the atmospheric release and transport of ammonia in anticyclonic episodes. Atmospheric Environment. 28:1994;665-678.
2. Barrett K., Seland O., Foss A., Mylona S., Sandnes H., Styve H., Tarrason L. European transboundary acidifying air pollution. ten years calculated fields and budgets to the end of the first Sulphur Protocol:1995;EMEP/MSC-W Report 1/95. Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Blindern, Oslo.
3. Bull K. R., Dyke H., Hall J. Exceedances of acidity and nutrient nitrogen critical loads. Hornung M., Sutton M. A., Wilson R. B. Mapping and Modelling of Critical Loads for Nitrogen. a Workshop Report:1995;158-159 Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Bush Estate, Edinburgh.
4. Bull K. R., Sutton M. A. Critical loads and the relevance of ammonia to an effects based nitrogen protocol. Atmospheric Environment. 32:1998;565-572.
5. Cape J. N., Sheppard L. J., Binnie J., Dickinson A. L. Enhancement of the dry deposition of sulphur dioxide to a forest in the presence of ammonia. Atmospheric Environment. 32:1998;519-524.
6. Derwent R. G., Wilson R. B. Acidification research. evaluation and policy applications Hornung M., Skeffington R. A. Critical Loads. Concept and Applications:1993;5-7 ITE Symposium 28. HMSO, London.
7. Dragosits U., Sutton M. A., Place C. J. The spatial distribution of ammonia emission in Great Britain for 1969 and 1988 assessed using GIS techniques. Sutton M. A., Lee D. S., Dollard G. J., Fowler D. Atmospheric Ammonia. Emission, Deposition and Environmental Impacts. Poster Proceedings:1996;46-49 Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Edinburgh.
8. 2 and VOCs. Ambio. 23:1994;425-433.
9. x. Journal of Geophysical Research. 99(D9):1994;18,749-18,755.
10. Metcalfe S. E., Whyatt J. D., Derwent R. G. A comparison of model and observed network estimates of sulphur deposition across Great Britain for 1990 and its likely source attribution. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 121:1995;1387-1411.
11. Metcalfe S. E., Whyatt J. D., Derwent R. G., Bull K. R., Dyke H. Spatial variability in emissions reduction strategies for sulphur and nitrogen in the U.K. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 85:1995;2619-2624.
12. Metcalfe, S. E., Derwent, R. G., Whyatt, J. D. and Dyke, H. (1997) Nitrogen deposition and strategies for the control of acidification and eutrophication across Great Britain. Water, Air and Soil Pollution (in press).
13. Posch M., Hettelingh J.-P., Svedrup H. U., Bull K., de Vries W. Guidelines for the computation and mapping of critical loads and excedances of sulphur and nitrogen in Europe. Downing R. J., Hettelingh J.-P., de Smet P. A. Calculation and Mapping of Critical Loads in Europe. Status Report 1993:1993;25-38 RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
14. RGAR Acid deposition in the United Kingdom 1986-1995. 1997;4th Report of the U.K. Review Group on Acid Rain. Department of Environment, London.
15. RGIAN Impacts of nitrogen deposition on terrestrial ecosystems. 1994;110 Report of the U.K. Review Group on Impacts of Atmospheric Nitrogen. Department of the Environment, London.
16. Singles R. J., Sutton M. A., Weston K. J. Application of a multi-layer model to describe the atmospheric transport and deposition of ammonia in Great Britain. 1995;Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Edinburgh Research Station, Scotland.