Space and seasonal distributions of nitrates in the Mediterranean Sea derived from a variational inverse model

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 45, Issue 2-3, 1998, Pages 387-408

  Denis Karafistan, A ^a,b   Martin, J M ^a,c   Minas, H ^d   Brasseur, P ^b   Nihoul, J ^b   Denis, C ^b  

^a Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CNRS EHESS ENS)   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^c JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Italy)

^d STATION MARINE D ENDOUME   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MODELING; NITRATE; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SEASONALITY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

EID: 0032004804     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00089-7     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Andrié, C., Merlivat, L., 1988. Tritium in the western Mediterranean Sea during the 1981 Phycemed Cruise. Deep-Sea Research 35, 247-267.
2. Backus, G.E., 1988. Bayesian inference in geomagnetism. Geophysical Journal 92, 125-142.
3. Backus, G.E., 1989. Confidence set inference with a priori quadratic bounds. Geophysical Journal 97, 119-150.
4. Béthoux, J.P., Copin-Montégut, G., 1986. Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 31, 1353-1358.
5. Béthoux, J.P., Gentili, B., Raunet, J., Taillez, D., 1990. Warming trend in the western Mediterranean deep water. Nature 347, 360-662.
6. Béthoux, J.P., Morin, P., Madec, C., Gentili, B., 1992. Phosphorus and nitrogen behaviour in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research 39, 1641-1654.
7. Brankart, J.-M., Brasseur, P., 1996. Optimal analysis of in situ data in the western Mediterranean using statistics and cross-validation. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 16, 477-491.
8. Brankart, J.-M., 1996. Modélisation statistique de l'hydrologie méditerranéenne: validation et contrôle de la qualité d'une climatologie de référence. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Liège.
9. Brasseur, P., Haus, I., 1991. Application of a 3-D variational inverse model to the analysis of ecohydrodynamic data in the Northern Bering and Southern Chukchi Seas. Journal of Marine Systems 1, 383-401.
10. Brasseur, P., Beckers, J.M., Brankart, J.M., Schoenauen, R., 1996. Seasonal temperature and salinity fields in the Mediterranean Sea: climatological analyses of a historical data set. Deep-Sea Research I 43, 159-192.
11. Braudel, F., 1990. La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l'Époque de Philippe II, Vol. 1. La part du milieu. Armand Colin, Paris.
12. CNEXO, 1981. Propriétés hydrologiques et chimiques des eaux du bassin occidental de la Méditerranée. In Campagne Mediprod IV, 15 octobre-17 novembre 1981: Résultats des campagnes et la mer 26, 1-106. CNEXO.
13. Deschamps, P.Y., Fouin, R., Crépon, M., 1984. Sea surface temperatures of the coastal zones of France observed by the HCMM satellite. Journal of Geophysical Research 89, 8123-8149.
14. El Sayed, M.A., Aminot, A., Kerouel, R., 1991. Nutrients and metals in the northwestern Mediterranean. Continental Shelf Research 14, 507-530.
15. Emelyanov, E.M., Shimkus, K.M., 1990. Geochemistry and Sedimentology of the Mediterranean Sea. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht.
16. Groupe de Recherche P4, 1986. Variabilité à moyenne échelle du Bassin Algérien: observations hydrologiques, biologiques et chimiques. In Campagne Mediprod V, 27 mai-27 juin 1986. CNRS.
17. Groupe de Recherche P4, 1990. Mésures hydrologiques, chimiques et biologiques. In Campagne Mediprod VI, Juin 1990. CNRS.
18. Groupe Mediprod, 1974. Résultats de la Campagne Mediprod III, 13 juin-2 juillet 1972. In Campagne Mediprod III de 1974, 8, 1-21. CNEXO.
19. Hopkins, T.S., 1978. Physical processes in the Mediterranean Basins. In Estuarine Transport Processes, ed. B. Kjerfve, pp. 269-310. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia.
20. Halim, Y., Marcos, A., 1966. Le rôle des particules en suspension dans l'eau, du Nil en crue dans la répartition des sels nutritifs au large de ses embouchures. Comm. Int. Explor. Mer Médit. 18(3), 733-736.
21. Krom, M.D., Brenner, S., Kress, N., Neori, A., Gordon, L.I., 1992. Nutrient dynamics and new production in a warm core eddy from the Eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Research 39, 467-480.
22. La Violette, P.E., 1990. The Western Mediterranean Circulation Experiment (WMCE): Introduction. Journal of Geophysical Research C 95, 1511-1514.
23. Lefevre, D., Minas, H.J., Minas, M., Robinson, R., Williams, P.J., Le, B., Woodward, E.M.S., 1997. Review of gross community production, primary production, net community production and dark community respiration in the Gulf of Lions. Deep-Sea Research II 44(3), 801-832.
24. Loÿe-Pilot, M.D., Martin, J.M., Morelli, J., 1990. Atmospheric input of inorganic nitrogen to the Western Mediterranean. Biogeochemistry 9, 117-134.
25. Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Robinson, A.R., Roether, W., Manca, B., Bergamasco, A., Brenner, S., Civaterese, G., Georgopoulos, D., Haley, P.J., Kioroglou, S., Kontoyannis, H., Kress, N., Latif, M.A., Leslie, W.G., Özsoy, E., Ribera d'Alcala, M., Salihoǧlu, Í., Sansone, E., Theocharis, A., 1996. Experiment in eastern Mediterranean probes origin of deep water masses. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 77, 305-307.
26. Martinez, L.A., Silver, M.W., King, J.M., Allredge, A.L., 1983. Nitrogen fixation by floating diatom mats: a source of nitrogen to oligotrophic ocean waters. Science 221, 152-154.
27. McGill, D.A., 1965. The relative supplies of phosphate, nitrate and silicate in the Mediterranean Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. 18, 737-744.
28. McGill, D.A., 1969. A budget for dissolved nutrient salts in the Mediterranean Sea. Cahiers Océan. 21, 543-554.
29. MEDOC (The Médoc Group), 1970. Observations of formation of deep water in the Mediterranean Sea, 1969. Nature 227, 1037-1040.
30. Millot, C., 1985. Some features of the Algerian Current. Journal of Geophysical Research C 90, 7169-7176.
31. Millot, C., 1991. Mesoscale and seasonal variabilities of the circulation in the Western Mediterranean. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 15, 179-214.
32. Minas, H.I., 1969. Résultats de la campagne Mediprod I du Jean Charcot. In Campagne Mediprod I, 1-14 mars 1969 et 3-17 avril 1969, pp. 93-143. CNEXO.
33. Minas, H.J., Bernard, C., Le Corre, P., Minas, M., Raimbault, P., 1991. Biological and geochemical signatures associated with the water circulation through the Strait of Gibraltar and in the western Alboran Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research C 96, 8755-8771.
34. Minas, H.J., Minas, M., 1992. Consideration on the Mediterranean Redfield ratio anomalies with special attention to oxygen vs nutrient changes. In Water Pollution Research Report 28, eds J.M. Martin, H. Bath, pp. 127-138. Den Burg/Texel, Netherlands.
35. Minas, H.J., Minas, M., 1993. Influence du détroit de Gibraltar sur la biogéochimie de la Méditerranée et du proche Atlantique, Ann. Inst. Océanogr., Paris 69, No1.
36. Morel, A., André, J.M., 1991. Pigment distribution and primary production in the Western Mediterranean as derived and modelled from Coastal Zone Color Scanner Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research C 96, 12685-12698.
37. Morris, A.W., Riley, J.D., 1963. The determination of nitrate in seawater. Analytica Chimica Acta 29, 272-279.
38. Nihoul, J.C.J., 1994. Seasonal variability of general circulation fields in the Western Mediterranean, Fifth EROS 2000 Workshop, Hamburg, Germany, 28-30 March 1994.
39. Oren, O.H., 1971. The Atlantic water in the Levant basin and on the shores of Israel. Cahiers Océan. 23, 291-297.
40. Owens, N.J.P., Rees, A.P., Woodward, E.M.S., Mantoura, R.F.C., 1989. Size-fractioned primary production and nitrogen assimilation in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during July 1987. In EROS 2000 First Workshop on the North-West Mediterranean Sea, eds. J.M. Martin, H. Barth, pp. 126-135. CEC Water Pollution Research Report 13.
41. Özsoy, E., Hecht, A., Ünlüata, Ü., Brenner, S., Sur, H.I., Bishop, J., Latif, M.A., Rozentraub, Z., Oǧuz, T., 1993. A synthesis of Levantine Basin circulation and hydrography, 1985-1990. Deep-Sea Research II 40, 1075-1119.
42. Prieur, L., Sournia, A., 1994. "Almofront-1" (April-May 1991): an interdisciplinary study of the Almeria-Oran geostrophic front, SW Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Systems 5, 187-203.
43. Raimbault, P., Besse, M.G., Lochet, F., Nguyen, T., 1990. Distribution générale des sels nutritifs. In Campagne Mediprod V, COF 11, pp. 100-110. CNRS (Groupe de Recherche P4).
44. Redfield, A.C., 1958. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Scientist 46, 205-222.
45. Redfield, A.C., Ketchum, B.H., Richards, F.A., 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. The Sea 2, 26-77.
46. Rhein, M., 1995. Deep water formation in the western Mediterranean. Journal of Geophysical Research C 100, 6943-6959.
47. Roether, W., Schlitzer, R., 1991. Eastern Mediterranean deep water renewal on the basis of chlorofluoromethane and tritium data. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 15, 333-354.
48. Roether, W., Manca, B.B., Klein, B., Bregant, D., Georgopoulos, D., Beitzel, V., Kovačević, V., Luchetta, A., 1996. Recent changes in eastern Mediterranean deep waters. Science 271, 333-335.
49. Salihoǧlu, I., Saydam, C., Baştürk, O., Yilmaz, K., Göçmen, D., Hatipoǧlu, E., Yilmaz, A., 1990. Transport and distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a by mesoscale eddies in the northeastern Mediterranean. Marine Chemistry 29, 375-390.
50. Schott, F., Visbeck, M., Send, U., 1994. Open ocean deep convection, Mediterranean and Greenland Seas. In Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples, eds. P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, A.R. Robinson, pp. 203-225. NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
51. Smith, S.V., 1984. Phosphorus versus nitrogen limitation in the marine environment. Limnology and Oceanography 29, 1149-1160.
52. POEM (The POEM Group), 1992. General circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean. Earth-Science Reviews 32, 285-309.
53. Tusseau, M.H., 1996. Modélisation des variations saisonnières des cycles biogéochimiques du Golfe du Lion. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Paris VI.
54. Yilmaz, A., Baştürk, Ö., Saydam, C., Ediger, D., Yilmaz, K., Hatipoǧlu, E., 1992. Eutrophication in İskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean. In Science of the Total Environment, Supplement 1992. Elsevier, Amsterdam.