Advective ocean-atmosphere interaction: An analytical stochastic model with implications for decadal variability

Journal of Climate

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 165-188

  Saravanan, R ^a   Mcwilliams, James C ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGY; DAMPING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PROBLEM SOLVING; RANDOM PROCESSES;

ADVECTIVE OCEAN ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; LARGE SCALE SPATIAL PATTERN; STOCHASTIC MODEL; TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE; THERMODYNAMIC FEEDBACK;

METEOROLOGY;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION MODEL; STOCHASTIC MODEL; TELECONNECTION PATTERN;

EID: 0032004081     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<0165:AOAIAA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Barsugli, J. J., and D. S. Battisti, 1998: The basic effects of atmosphere-ocean thermal coupling on midlatitude variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 477-493.
2. Battisti, D. S., U. S. Bhatt, and M. A. Alexander, 1995: A modeling study of interannual variability in the wintertime North Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate, 8, 3067-3083.
3. Borges, M. D., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1995: Barotropic Rossby wave dynamics of zonally varying upper-level flows during northern winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3780-3796.
4. Branstator, G., 1992: The maintenance of low-frequency atmospheric anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1924-1945.
5. _, A. Mai, and D. Baumhefner, 1993: Identification of highly predictable flow elements for spatial filtering of medium- and extended-range numerical forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1786-1802.
6. Bryan, F. O., C. W. Boning, and W. R. Holland, 1995: On the midlatitude circulation in a high resolution model of the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 289-305.
7. Capotondi, A., and W. R. Holland, 1997: Decadal variability in an idealized ocean model and its sensitivity to surface boundary conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1072-1093.
8. Davis, R. E., 1976: Predictability of sea surface temperature anomalies and sea level pressure anomalies over the North Pacific ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 249-266.
9. Delworth, T., 1996: North Atlantic interannual variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 9, 2356-2375.
10. _, S. Manabe, and R. J. Stouffer, 1993: Interdecadal variations of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 6, 1993-2011.
11. Dennery, P., and A. Krzywicki, 1967: Mathematics for Physicists. Harper and Row, 384 pp.
12. Deser, C., and M. L. Blackmon, 1993: Surface climate variations over the North Atlantic ocean during winter: 1900-1989. J. Climate, 6, 1743-1753.
13. _, M. A. Alexander, and M. S. Timlin, 1996: Upper ocean thermal variations in the North Pacific during 1970-1991. J. Climate, 9, 1840-1855.
14. Feldstein, S. B., and W. A. Robinson, 1994: Comments on 'Spatial structure of ultra-low frequency variability in a simple atmospheric circulation model.' Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 739-745.
15. Frankignoul, C., 1985: Sea surface temperature anomalies, planetary waves, and air-sea feedback in the middle latitudes. Rev. Geophys., 23, 357-390.
16. _, and K. Hasselmann, 1977: Stochastic climate models: Part I. Application to sea surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability. Tellus, 29, 289-305.
17. _, and R. W. Reynolds, 1983: Testing a dynamical model for mid-latitude sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1131-1145.
18. Griffies, S. M., and E. Tziperman, 1995: A linear thermohaline oscillator driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing. J. Climate, 8, 2440-2453.
19. Hasselmann, K., 1976: Stochastic climate models: Part I. Theory. Tellus, 28, 473-485.
20. Haney, R. L., 1971: Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1, 241-248.
21. Held, I. M., 1983: Stationary and quasi-stationary eddies in the extratropical troposphere: A theory. Large-Scale Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere, B. J. Hoskins and R. Pearce, Eds., Academic Press, 127-168.
22. Herterich, K., and K. Hasselmann, 1987: Extraction of mixed layer advection velocities, diffusion coefficients, feedback factors, and atmospheric forcing parameters from the statistical analysis of North Pacific SST anomaly fields. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 2145-2156.
23. Hoerling, M. P., M. Ting, and A. Kumar, 1995: Zonal flow-stationary wave relationship during El Niño: Implications for seasonal forecasting. J. Climate, 8, 1838-1852.
24. Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. A. Boville, B. P. Briegleb, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, 1996: Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-420 + STR, 152 pp. [Available from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307.]
25. Kushnir, Y., 1994: Interdecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature and associated atmospheric conditions. J. Climate, 1, 141-157.
26. Large, W. G., G. Danabasoglu, S. C. Doney, and J. C. McWilliams, 1997: Sensitivity to surface forcing and boundary layer mixing in the NCAR CSM ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2418-2447.
27. Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1994: Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America. Science, 266, 634-637.
28. Lau, N.-C., and M. J. Nath, 1994: A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmosphere-ocean system. J. Climate, 7, 1184-1207.
29. Lemke, P., E. W. Trinkl, and K. Hasselmann, 1980: Stochastic dynamic analysis of polar sea-ice variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 2100-2120.
30. Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, and T. P. Boyer, 1994: Interannual variability of temperature at a depth of 125 meters in the North Atlantic Ocean. Science, 266, 96-99.
31. Lorenz, E. N., 1973: On the existence of extended range predictability. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 543-546.
32. Marotzke, J., and D. W. Pierce, 1997: On spatial scales and life-times of SST anomalies beneath a diffusive atmosphere. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 133-139.
33. Mikolajewicz, U., and E. Maier-Reimer, 1990: Internal secular variability in an ocean general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 4, 145-156.
34. Mysak, L. A., T. F. Stocker, and F. Huang, 1993: Century-scale variability in a randomly forced two-dimensional thermohaline ocean model. Climate Dyn., 8, 103-116.
35. Nitsche, G., and J. M. Wallace, 1995: Interannual and intraseasonal variability in a fixed SST, perpetual January GCM run. Proc. Sixth Int. Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Galway, Ireland, 521-524.
36. Penland, C., and L. Matrosova, 1994: A balance condition for stochastic numerical models with application to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 7, 1352-1372.
37. Rahmstorf, S., and J. Willebrand, 1995: The role of temperature feedback in stabilizing the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 788-805.
38. Rayner, N. A., C. K. Folland, D. E. Parker, and E. B. Horton, 1995: A new global sea-ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data set for 1903-1994 for forcing climate models. Hadley Centre Internal Note 69, 9 pp. [Available from the Hadley Centre, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SY, United Kingdom.]
39. Saravanan, R., 1998: Atmospheric low-frequency variability and its relationship to midlatitude SST variability: Studies using the NCAR Climate System Model. J. Climate, in press.
40. _, and J. C. McWilliams, 1995: Multiple equilibria, natural variability, and climate transitions in an idealized ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 8, 2296-2323.
41. _, and _, 1997: Stochasticity and spatial resonance in interdecadal climate fluctuations. J. Climate, 10, 2299-2320.
42. Sutton, R. T., and M. R. Allen, 1997: Decadal predictability of North Atlantic sea surface temperature and climate. Nature, 388, 563-565.
43. Voorhis, A. D., E. H. Schroeder, and A. Leetma, 1976: The influence of deep mesoscale eddies on sea surface temperature in North Atlantic subtropical convergence. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 953-961.
44. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzier, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
45. Weaver, A. J., and E. S. Sarachik, 1991: Evidence for decadal variability in an ocean general circulation model: An advective mechanism. Atmos.-Ocean, 29, 197-231.
46. _, _, and J. Marotzke, 1991: Freshwater flux forcing of decadal and interdecadal variability. Nature, 353, 836-838.
47. Weisse, R., U. Mikolajewicz, and E. Maier-Reimer, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12411-12421.
48. Welander, P., 1985: Thermohaline effects in the ocean circulation and related simple models. Large-Scale Transport Processes in the Oceans and the Atmosphere, D. L. T. Anderson and J. Willebrand, Eds., NATO ASI Series, Reidel, 163-223.
49. Winton, M., and E. S. Sarachik, 1993: Thermohaline oscillations induced by strong steady salinity forcing of ocean general circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1389-1410.