Peltier effects in electrode carbon

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 69-76

  Hansen, Ellen Marie ^a   Egner, Espen ^a   Kjelstrup, Signe ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANODES; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ENTROPY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PELTIER EFFECT; PLATINUM; SURFACE PROPERTIES; THERMAL EFFECTS;

CARBON CONDUCTORS; HALL-HEROULT CELLS;

ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES;

EID: 0031988727     PISSN: 10735615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11663-998-0008-z     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. 1. K. Grjotheim C. Krohn M. Malinovský K. Matiašovský J. Thonstad 1982 Aluminium Electrolysis, Fundamentals of the Hall-Héroult Process 2nd ed. Aluminium-Verlag Düsseldorf 112 112 K. Grjotheim, C. Krohn, M. Malinovský, K. Matiašovský, and J. Thonstad: Aluminium Electrolysis, Fundamentals of the Hall-Héroult Process, 2nd ed., Aluminium-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1982, p. 112.
2. 2. S. Groot de P. Mazur 1962 Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics North-Holland Amsterdam 57 57 S. de Groot and P. Mazur: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1962, p. 57.
3. 3. K. Førland T. Førland S. Kjelstrup Ratkje 1988 Irreversible Thermodynamics, Theory and Applications John Wiley & Sons Chichester 40 40 K. Førland, T. Førland, and S. Kjelstrup Ratkje: Irreversible Thermodynamics, Theory and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1988, pp. 40 and 58.
4. 4. E. Pezzati C. Margheritris A. Schiraldi 1975 Z. Naturforsch. 30 388 388 E. Pezzati, C. Margheritris, and A. Schiraldi: Z. Naturforsch., 1975, vol. 30, p. 388.
5. 5. B. Mogilevski O. Usmanov 1967 Élektrokhimiya 3 1124 1124 B. Mogilevski and O. Usmanov: Élektrokhimiya, 1967, vol. 3, p. 1124.
6. 6. R. Haase 1969 Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes Addison-Wesley Reading, MA 344 344 R. Haase: Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969, p. 344.
7. 7. J. Agar 1963 P. Delahay Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering Interscience Publishers New York 70 70 J. Agar: in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, P. Delahay, ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1963, vol. 3, p. 70.
8. 8. D. Bedeaux 1986 Advances in Chemical Physics 64 47 109 10.1002/9780470142882.ch2 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XhvFeltbk%3D D. Bedeaux: Advances in Chemical Physics, 1986, vol. 64, pp. 47–109.
9. 9. E. Hansen S. Kjelstrup Ratkje B. Flem D. Bedeaux 1996 W. Hale Light Metals TMS Warrendale, PA 211 18 E. Hansen, S. Kjelstrup Ratkje, B. Flem, and D. Bedeaux: in Light Metals, W. Hale, ed., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, pp. 211–18.
10. 10. L. Onsager 1931 Phys. Rev. 37 405 26 10.1103/PhysRev.37.405 1:CAS:528:DyaA3MXjslWqtA%3D%3D L. Onsager: Phys. Rev., 1931, vol. 37, pp. 405–26.
11. 11. L. Onsager 1931 Phys. Rev. 38 2265 79 10.1103/PhysRev.38.2265 1:CAS:528:DyaA38XislOjsg%3D%3D L. Onsager: Phys. Rev., 1931, vol. 38, pp. 2265–79.
12. 12. J. Gibbs 1961 The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs Dover Publishing New York, NY 96 96 J. Gibbs: The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs, Dover Publishing, New York, NY, 1961, pp. 96 and 224.
13. 13. S.C. Group: Cathode Blocks of Carbon and Graphite for the Aluminum Industry, product information, 1995.
14. 14. I. Nygård S. Kjelstrup Ratkje 1994 Mechanisms of Bottom Heave in Carbon Cathodes in Aluminum Electrolysis Technical Report The Norwegian Institute of Technology Trondheim, Norway I. Nygård and S. Kjelstrup Ratkje: Mechanisms of Bottom Heave in Carbon Cathodes in Aluminum Electrolysis, Technical Report, The Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 1994.
15. 15. K. Motzfeldt 1960 J. Bockris J. White J. Mackenzie Physiochemical Measurements at High Temperatures Butterworth and Co. London 47 86 K. Motzfeldt: in Physiochemical Measurements at High Temperatures, J. Bockris, J. White, and J. Mackenzie, eds., Butterworth and Co., London, 1960, pp. 47–86.
16. 16. J. Moore R. Graves 1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 1174 1174 10.1063/1.1662324 1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXhtFKktrg%3D J. Moore and R. Graves: J. Appl. Phys., 1973, vol. 44, p. 1174.
17. 17. M. Rosa La 1916 Nuovo Cimento 12 284 284 10.1007/BF02960175 M. La Rosa: Nuovo Cimento, 1916, vol. 12, p. 284.
18. 18. E. Loebner 1956 Phys. Rev. 102 46 57 10.1103/PhysRev.102.46 1:CAS:528:DyaG28Xmt12jtg%3D%3D E. Loebner: Phys. Rev., 1956, vol. 102, pp. 46–57.
19. 19. C. Lide: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 66th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1988, p. E9.
20. 20. T.B. Massalski 1990 Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams AMS INTERNATIONAL Metals Park, OH 874 874 T.B. Massalski: Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, AMS INTERNATIONAL, Metals Park, OH, 1990, p. 874.
21. 21. G. Tammann K. Schönert 1922 Z. Anorg. Chem. 122 27 43 10.1002/zaac.19221220104 1:CAS:528:DyaB38XhvFentg%3D%3D G. Tammann and K. Schönert: Z. Anorg. Chem., 1922, vol. 122, pp. 27–43.
22. 22. T. Log 1989 Ph.D. Thesis The Norwegian Institute of Technology Trondheim, Norway 97 97 T. Log: Ph.D. Thesis, The Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 1989, p. 97.
23. 23. P. Delhaès F. Carmona 1981 Chem. Phys. Carbon 17 89 174 P. Delhaès and F. Carmona: Chem. Phys. Carbon, 1981, vol. 17, pp. 89–174.
24. 24. E. Hansen S. Kjelstrup 1997 Light Metals TMS Warrendale, PA 355 60 E. Hansen and S. Kjelstrup: Light Metals, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 355–60.
25. 25. Carbon Savoie: Aluminium Cell Linings, product information, 1990.