메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 41-69

The use of intravenous opioids to provide analgesia in critically ill, premature neonates: A research critique

Author keywords

Cardiorespiratory side effects; Neonatal pain; Neonates; Opioids; Pain

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; ANALGESIC AGENT; FENTANYL; MORPHINE; OPIATE DERIVATIVE; SUFENTANIL;

EID: 0031985961     PISSN: 08853924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(97)00272-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0024709744 scopus 로고
    • Soothing pain-elicited distress in infants with swaddling and pacifiers
    • 1. Campos R. Soothing pain-elicited distress in infants with swaddling and pacifiers. Child Dev 1989;60:781-792.
    • (1989) Child Dev , vol.60 , pp. 781-792
    • Campos, R.1
  • 2
    • 0021714334 scopus 로고
    • Pacifying effects of non-nutritive sucking on term and preterm neonates during heelstick procedures
    • 2. Field T, Golson E. Pacifying effects of non-nutritive sucking on term and preterm neonates during heelstick procedures. Pediatrics 1984;74: 1012-1015.
    • (1984) Pediatrics , vol.74 , pp. 1012-1015
    • Field, T.1    Golson, E.2
  • 3
    • 0026034384 scopus 로고
    • Sucrose as an analgesic for newborn infants
    • 3. Blass EM, Hoffmeyer MA. Sucrose as an analgesic for newborn infants. J Pediatr 1991;87:215-218.
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.87 , pp. 215-218
    • Blass, E.M.1    Hoffmeyer, M.A.2
  • 4
    • 0023922988 scopus 로고
    • Adrenocortical activity and behavioral distress in human newborns
    • 4. Gunnar MR, Connors J, Isensee J, Wall L. Adrenocortical activity and behavioral distress in human newborns. Dev Psychobiol 1988;21:297-310.
    • (1988) Dev Psychobiol , vol.21 , pp. 297-310
    • Gunnar, M.R.1    Connors, J.2    Isensee, J.3    Wall, L.4
  • 5
    • 0023627371 scopus 로고
    • Pain and its effect in the human neonate and fetus
    • 5. Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Pain and its effect in the human neonate and fetus. N Engl J Med 1987;317: 1321-1329.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 1321-1329
    • Anand, K.J.S.1    Hickey, P.R.2
  • 6
    • 0023404935 scopus 로고
    • Do premature infants require anesthesia for surgery?
    • 6. Berry FA, Gregory GA. Do premature infants require anesthesia for surgery? Anesthesiology 1987;67:291-293.
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67 , pp. 291-293
    • Berry, F.A.1    Gregory, G.A.2
  • 7
    • 0000291569 scopus 로고
    • The developmental neurobiology of pain
    • Bond MR, Charlton JE, Woolf CJ, eds. New York: Elsevier
    • 7. Fitzgerald M. The developmental neurobiology of pain. In: Bond MR, Charlton JE, Woolf CJ, eds. Proceedings of the VIth world congress on pain. New York: Elsevier, 1991:253-261.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the VIth World Congress on Pain , pp. 253-261
    • Fitzgerald, M.1
  • 8
    • 0024435277 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous hypersensitivity following peripheral tissue damage in newborn infants and its reversal with topical anesthesia
    • 8. Fitzgerald M, Millard C, McIntosh N. Cutaneous hypersensitivity following peripheral tissue damage in newborn infants and its reversal with topical anesthesia. Pain 1989;39:31-36.
    • (1989) Pain , vol.39 , pp. 31-36
    • Fitzgerald, M.1    Millard, C.2    McIntosh, N.3
  • 9
    • 0025762855 scopus 로고
    • Assessing pain and analgesia with a lidocaine-prilocaine emulsion in infants and toddlers during venipunclure
    • 9. Robieux I, Kumar R, Radhakrishnan S, Koren G. Assessing pain and analgesia with a lidocaine-prilocaine emulsion in infants and toddlers during venipunclure. J Pediatr 1991;118:971-973.
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.118 , pp. 971-973
    • Robieux, I.1    Kumar, R.2    Radhakrishnan, S.3    Koren, G.4
  • 10
    • 0027225875 scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthesia during circumcision in newborn infants
    • 10. Benini F, Johnston L, Faucher D, Aranda SV. Topical anesthesia during circumcision in newborn infants. JAMA 1993;270:850-853.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 850-853
    • Benini, F.1    Johnston, L.2    Faucher, D.3    Aranda, S.V.4
  • 11
    • 0027533331 scopus 로고
    • Role of local anesthesia during lumbar puncture in neonates
    • 11. Pinheiro JMB, Furoon S, Ochoa L. Role of local anesthesia during lumbar puncture in neonates. J Pediatr 1993;91:379-382.
    • (1993) J Pediatr , vol.91 , pp. 379-382
    • Pinheiro, J.M.B.1    Furoon, S.2    Ochoa, L.3
  • 12
    • 0027314345 scopus 로고
    • Continuous epidural analgesia in newborn infants undergoing major surgery
    • 12. Murrell D, Gibson PR, Cohen RL. Continuous epidural analgesia in newborn infants undergoing major surgery. J Pediatr Surg 1993;28:548-553.
    • (1993) J Pediatr Surg , vol.28 , pp. 548-553
    • Murrell, D.1    Gibson, P.R.2    Cohen, R.L.3
  • 13
    • 0025735049 scopus 로고
    • Caudal morphine for postoperative analgesia in infants and children: A report of 138 cases
    • 13. Valley RD, Bailey AG. Caudal morphine for postoperative analgesia in infants and children: a report of 138 cases. Anesth Analg 1991;72:120-124.
    • (1991) Anesth Analg , vol.72 , pp. 120-124
    • Valley, R.D.1    Bailey, A.G.2
  • 14
    • 0023784996 scopus 로고
    • Management of pediatric pain with opioid analgesics
    • 14. Yaster M, Deshpande JK. Management of pediatric pain with opioid analgesics. J Pediatr 1988;113: 421-429.
    • (1988) J Pediatr , vol.113 , pp. 421-429
    • Yaster, M.1    Deshpande, J.K.2
  • 15
    • 0025734533 scopus 로고
    • At what age is the developing cerebral cortex of the rat comparable to that of the full-term newborn human baby?
    • 15. Romijn HJ, Hofman MA, Gramsbergen A. At what age is the developing cerebral cortex of the rat comparable to that of the full-term newborn human baby? Early Hum Dev 1991;26:61-67.
    • (1991) Early Hum Dev , vol.26 , pp. 61-67
    • Romijn, H.J.1    Hofman, M.A.2    Gramsbergen, A.3
  • 16
    • 0025984411 scopus 로고
    • A physiological study of the prenatal development of cutaneous sensory inputs to the dorsal horn cells in the rat
    • 16. Fitzgerald M. A physiological study of the prenatal development of cutaneous sensory inputs to the dorsal horn cells in the rat. J Physiol 1991;432: 473-482.
    • (1991) J Physiol , vol.432 , pp. 473-482
    • Fitzgerald, M.1
  • 17
    • 0018643195 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal development of the endorphin and enkephalin-containing systems in the rat brain
    • 17. Bayon A, Shoemaker W, Bloom F, Mauss A, Guillemin R. Perinatal development of the endorphin and enkephalin-containing systems in the rat brain. Brain Res 1979;179:93-101.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.179 , pp. 93-101
    • Bayon, A.1    Shoemaker, W.2    Bloom, F.3    Mauss, A.4    Guillemin, R.5
  • 18
    • 0019806745 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of opioid receptors in rat forebrain: Visualization by in vitro autoradiography
    • 18. Kent J, Pert C, Herkenham M. Ontogeny of opioid receptors in rat forebrain: visualization by in vitro autoradiography. Dev Brain Res 1982;2:487-504.
    • (1982) Dev Brain Res , vol.2 , pp. 487-504
    • Kent, J.1    Pert, C.2    Herkenham, M.3
  • 19
    • 0020444035 scopus 로고
    • Differential appearance of opiate receptor subtypes in neonatal rat brain
    • 19. Leslie F, Tso S, Hurlbut D. Differential appearance of opiate receptor subtypes in neonatal rat brain. Life Sci 1982;31:1393-1396.
    • (1982) Life Sci , vol.31 , pp. 1393-1396
    • Leslie, F.1    Tso, S.2    Hurlbut, D.3
  • 20
    • 0019382764 scopus 로고
    • Development of opiate receptor binding in rat spinal cord
    • 20. Kirby ML. Development of opiate receptor binding in rat spinal cord. Brain Res 1981;205:400-404.
    • (1981) Brain Res , vol.205 , pp. 400-404
    • Kirby, M.L.1
  • 21
    • 0017145534 scopus 로고
    • Ontological development of opiate receptors in rodent brain
    • 21. Clendeninn NJ, Petraitis M, Simon EJ. Ontological development of opiate receptors in rodent brain. Brain Res 1976;118:157-160.
    • (1976) Brain Res , vol.118 , pp. 157-160
    • Clendeninn, N.J.1    Petraitis, M.2    Simon, E.J.3
  • 24
    • 0019141273 scopus 로고
    • Developmental differences between high and low affinity opiate binding sites: Their relationship to analgesia and respiratory depression
    • 24. Pasternak GW, Zhang AZ, Tecott L. Developmental differences between high and low affinity opiate binding sites: their relationship to analgesia and respiratory depression. Life Sci 1980;27:1185-1190.
    • (1980) Life Sci , vol.27 , pp. 1185-1190
    • Pasternak, G.W.1    Zhang, A.Z.2    Tecott, L.3
  • 25
    • 0019451069 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of opioid pharmacology and receptors: High and low affinity site differences
    • 25. Zhang AZ, Pasternak GW. Ontogeny of opioid pharmacology and receptors: high and low affinity site differences. Eur J Pharmacol 1981;73:29-40.
    • (1981) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.73 , pp. 29-40
    • Zhang, A.Z.1    Pasternak, G.W.2
  • 26
    • 0022975995 scopus 로고
    • Behaviorally functional opioid systems in infant rats: II. Evidence for pharmacological, physiological, and psychological mediation of pain and stress
    • 26. Kehoe P, Blass EM. Behaviorally functional opioid systems in infant rats: II. Evidence for pharmacological, physiological, and psychological mediation of pain and stress. Behav Neurosci 1986; 100:624-630.
    • (1986) Behav Neurosci , vol.100 , pp. 624-630
    • Kehoe, P.1    Blass, E.M.2
  • 27
    • 0021753035 scopus 로고
    • Morphine analgesia: Enhancement by shock-associated cues
    • 27. Sherman JE, Strub H, Lewis JW. Morphine analgesia: enhancement by shock-associated cues. Behav Neurosci 1984;98:293-309.
    • (1984) Behav Neurosci , vol.98 , pp. 293-309
    • Sherman, J.E.1    Strub, H.2    Lewis, J.W.3
  • 28
    • 0018189687 scopus 로고
    • Effects of recurrent postnatal pain-related stressful events on opiate receptor-endogenous ligand system
    • 28. Torda C. Effects of recurrent postnatal pain-related stressful events on opiate receptor-endogenous ligand system. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1978;3:85-91.
    • (1978) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.3 , pp. 85-91
    • Torda, C.1
  • 30
    • 0014979110 scopus 로고
    • A compilation of LD50 values in newborn and adult animals
    • 30. Goldenthal EI. A compilation of LD50 values in newborn and adult animals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1971;18:185-207.
    • (1971) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 185-207
    • Goldenthal, E.I.1
  • 31
    • 0000184126 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic basis for the increased sensitivity of the newborn rat to morphine
    • 31. Kupferberg HJ, Way EL. Pharmacologic basis for the increased sensitivity of the newborn rat to morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1963;141:105-112.
    • (1963) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.141 , pp. 105-112
    • Kupferberg, H.J.1    Way, E.L.2
  • 32
    • 0001326773 scopus 로고
    • Comparative distribution of tritium labelled dihydomorphine between maternal and fetal rats
    • 32. Sanner JH, Woods LA. Comparative distribution of tritium labelled dihydomorphine between maternal and fetal rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1965;148:176-184.
    • (1965) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.148 , pp. 176-184
    • Sanner, J.H.1    Woods, L.A.2
  • 33
    • 0022656631 scopus 로고
    • The functional development of descending inhibitory pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the newborn rat spinal cord
    • 33. Fitzgerald M, Koltzenburg M. The functional development of descending inhibitory pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the newborn rat spinal cord. Dev Brain Res 1986;24:261-270.
    • (1986) Dev Brain Res , vol.24 , pp. 261-270
    • Fitzgerald, M.1    Koltzenburg, M.2
  • 34
    • 0021356609 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of enkephalin in human fetus and infant spinal cord: An immunofluorescence study
    • 34. Charnay Y, Paulin C, Dray F, Dubois PM. Distribution of enkephalin in human fetus and infant spinal cord: an immunofluorescence study. J Comp Neurol 1984;233:415-423.
    • (1984) J Comp Neurol , vol.233 , pp. 415-423
    • Charnay, Y.1    Paulin, C.2    Dray, F.3    Dubois, P.M.4
  • 35
    • 0025192488 scopus 로고
    • 3H] naloxone binding to opiate receptors in human fetal and infant brainstem
    • 3H] naloxone binding to opiate receptors in human fetal and infant brainstem. J Comp Neurol 1991;291:55-78.
    • (1991) J Comp Neurol , vol.291 , pp. 55-78
    • Kinney, H.C.1    Ottoson, C.K.2    White, W.F.3
  • 36
  • 37
    • 0024528931 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the presence of mu and kappa but not delta opioid sites in the human fetal brain
    • 37. Magnan J, Tiberi M. Evidence for the presence of mu and kappa but not delta opioid sites in the human fetal brain. Dev Brain Res 1989;45:275-281.
    • (1989) Dev Brain Res , vol.45 , pp. 275-281
    • Magnan, J.1    Tiberi, M.2
  • 38
    • 0025179139 scopus 로고
    • Harmacokinetics of a single dose of morphine in preterm infants during the first week of life
    • 38. Bhat R, Chari G, Gulati A, Aldana O, Velamati R, Bhargava H. harmacokinetics of a single dose of morphine in preterm infants during the first week of life. J Pediatr 1990;117:477-481.
    • (1990) J Pediatr , vol.117 , pp. 477-481
    • Bhat, R.1    Chari, G.2    Gulati, A.3    Aldana, O.4    Velamati, R.5    Bhargava, H.6
  • 39
    • 0026538222 scopus 로고
    • Morphine metabolism in preterm neonates
    • 39. Bhat R, Abu-Harb Chari G, Gulati A. Morphine metabolism in preterm neonates. J Pediatr 1992; 120:795-799.
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.120 , pp. 795-799
    • Bhat, R.1    Abu-Harb Chari, G.2    Gulati, A.3
  • 40
    • 4244047018 scopus 로고
    • Postconceptual age influences pharmacokinetics and metabolism of morphine in sick neonates
    • 40. Bhat R, Chari G, Iver R. Postconceptual age influences pharmacokinetics and metabolism of morphine in sick neonates. Pediatr Res 1994;35: 81A.
    • (1994) Pediatr Res , vol.35
    • Bhat, R.1    Chari, G.2    Iver, R.3
  • 45
    • 0027224052 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of morphine infusion in premature neonates
    • 45. Hartley R, Green M, Quinn M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of morphine infusion in premature neonates. Arch Dis Child 1993;69:55-58.
    • (1993) Arch Dis Child , vol.69 , pp. 55-58
    • Hartley, R.1    Green, M.2    Quinn, M.3
  • 46
    • 0022354781 scopus 로고
    • Post-operative morphine infusion in newborn infants: Assessment of disposition characteristics and safety
    • 46. Koren G, Butt W, Chinyanga H, Soldin S, Tan YK, Pape K. Post-operative morphine infusion in newborn infants: assessment of disposition characteristics and safety. J Pediatr 1985;107:963-967.
    • (1985) J Pediatr , vol.107 , pp. 963-967
    • Koren, G.1    Butt, W.2    Chinyanga, H.3    Soldin, S.4    Tan, Y.K.5    Pape, K.6
  • 47
    • 0023152905 scopus 로고
    • Morphine pharmacokinetics in early infancy
    • 47. Lynn AM, Slattery JT. Morphine pharmacokinetics in early infancy. Anesthesiology 1987;66:136-139.
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.66 , pp. 136-139
    • Lynn, A.M.1    Slattery, J.T.2
  • 49
    • 0026603119 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships of morphine in neonates
    • 49. Chay PCW, Duffy BJ, Walker JS. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships of morphine in neonates. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51: 334-342.
    • (1992) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.51 , pp. 334-342
    • Chay, P.C.W.1    Duffy, B.J.2    Walker, J.S.3
  • 51
    • 0020322983 scopus 로고
    • Morphine pharmacokinetics: GLC assay versus radioimmunoassay
    • 51. Stanski DR, Paalzow L, Edlund PO. Morphine pharmacokinetics: GLC assay versus radioimmunoassay. J Pharm Sci 1982;71:314-317.
    • (1982) J Pharm Sci , vol.71 , pp. 314-317
    • Stanski, D.R.1    Paalzow, L.2    Edlund, P.O.3
  • 53
    • 0021717963 scopus 로고
    • Morphine infusion after pediatric cardiac surgery
    • 53. Lynn AM, Opheim KE, Tyler DT. Morphine infusion after pediatric cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 1984;12:863-866.
    • (1984) Crit Care Med , vol.12 , pp. 863-866
    • Lynn, A.M.1    Opheim, K.E.2    Tyler, D.T.3
  • 55
    • 0022246166 scopus 로고
    • Fentanyl pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects in preterm infants during ligation of patent ductus arteriosus
    • 55. Collins C, Koren G, Crean P, Klein J, Roy WL, MacLeod SM. Fentanyl pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects in preterm infants during ligation of patent ductus arteriosus. Anesth Analg 1985;64:1078-1080.
    • (1985) Anesth Analg , vol.64 , pp. 1078-1080
    • Collins, C.1    Koren, G.2    Crean, P.3    Klein, J.4    Roy, W.L.5    MacLeod, S.M.6
  • 58
    • 4244006640 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of continuous infusion of fentanyl in very premature newborns
    • 58. Christie J, Santeiro M, Stromquist C, Torres B. Pharmacokinetics of continuous infusion of fentanyl in very premature newborns. Crit Care Med 1995;23(suppl 1):A220.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Christie, J.1    Santeiro, M.2    Stromquist, C.3    Torres, B.4
  • 60
    • 0022871807 scopus 로고
    • Unexpected alterations in fentanyl pharmacokinetics in children undergoing cardiac surgery: Age-related or disease related?
    • 60. Koren G, Goresky G, Crean P, Klein J, MacLeod SM. Unexpected alterations in fentanyl pharmacokinetics in children undergoing cardiac surgery: age-related or disease related? Dev Pharmacol Ther 1986;9:183-191.
    • (1986) Dev Pharmacol Ther , vol.9 , pp. 183-191
    • Koren, G.1    Goresky, G.2    Crean, P.3    Klein, J.4    MacLeod, S.M.5
  • 61
    • 0026377870 scopus 로고
    • Analgesia and sedation in neonatal intensive care using fentanyl by continuous infusion
    • 61. Roth B, Schlünder C, Houben F, Günther M, Theisohn M. Analgesia and sedation in neonatal intensive care using fentanyl by continuous infusion. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1991;17:121-127.
    • (1991) Dev Pharmacol Ther , vol.17 , pp. 121-127
    • Roth, B.1    Schlünder, C.2    Houben, F.3    Günther, M.4    Theisohn, M.5
  • 64
    • 0023908173 scopus 로고
    • Changes in sufentanil pharmacokinetics within the neonatal period
    • 64. Greeley WJ, de Bruijn NP. Changes in sufentanil pharmacokinetics within the neonatal period. Anesth Analg 1988;67:86-90.
    • (1988) Anesth Analg , vol.67 , pp. 86-90
    • Greeley, W.J.1    De Bruijn, N.P.2
  • 65
    • 0023585132 scopus 로고
    • Sufentanil pharmacokinetics in pediatric cardiovascular patients
    • 65. Greeley WJ, de Bruijn NP, Davis DP. Sufentanil pharmacokinetics in pediatric cardiovascular patients. Anesth Analg 1987;66:1067-1072.
    • (1987) Anesth Analg , vol.66 , pp. 1067-1072
    • Greeley, W.J.1    De Bruijn, N.P.2    Davis, D.P.3
  • 66
    • 0019523088 scopus 로고
    • Fentanyl-air-oxygen anesthesia for ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
    • 66. Robinson S, Gregory GA. Fentanyl-air-oxygen anesthesia for ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Anesth Analg 1981;60:331-334.
    • (1981) Anesth Analg , vol.60 , pp. 331-334
    • Robinson, S.1    Gregory, G.A.2
  • 67
    • 0023190070 scopus 로고
    • The dose response of fentanyl in neonatal anesthesia
    • 67. Yaster M. The dose response of fentanyl in neonatal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1987;66:433-435.
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.66 , pp. 433-435
    • Yaster, M.1
  • 68
    • 0022624401 scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: Use of high-dose fentanyl in 30 neonates
    • 68. Hansen DD, Hickey PR. Anesthesia for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: use of high-dose fentanyl in 30 neonates. Anesth Analg 1986;65:127-132.
    • (1986) Anesth Analg , vol.65 , pp. 127-132
    • Hansen, D.D.1    Hickey, P.R.2
  • 69
    • 0023154082 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of fentanyl anaesthesia in preterm babies undergoing surgery: Effects on the stress response
    • 69. Anand KJS, Sippell WG, Aynsley-Green A. Randomised trial of fentanyl anaesthesia in preterm babies undergoing surgery: effects on the stress response. Lancet 1987;1:62-65.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 62-65
    • Anand, K.J.S.1    Sippell, W.G.2    Aynsley-Green, A.3
  • 70
    • 0026585278 scopus 로고
    • Halothane-morphine compared with high-dose sufentanil for anesthesia and post-operative analgesia in neonatal cardiac surgery
    • 70. Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Halothane-morphine compared with high-dose sufentanil for anesthesia and post-operative analgesia in neonatal cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1-9.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1-9
    • Anand, K.J.S.1    Hickey, P.R.2
  • 71
    • 0022578108 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular changes in preterm neonates receiving isoflurane, halothane, fentanyl, and ketamine
    • 71. Friesen RH, Henry DB. Cardiovascular changes in preterm neonates receiving isoflurane, halothane, fentanyl, and ketamine. Anesthesiology 1986;64:238-242.
    • (1986) Anesthesiology , vol.64 , pp. 238-242
    • Friesen, R.H.1    Henry, D.B.2
  • 72
    • 0025871318 scopus 로고
    • Analgesia versus sedation during broviac catheter placement
    • 72. Cordero L, Gardner DK, O'Shaughnessy R. Analgesia versus sedation during broviac catheter placement. Am J Perinatol 1991;8:284-287.
    • (1991) Am J Perinatol , vol.8 , pp. 284-287
    • Cordero, L.1    Gardner, D.K.2    O'Shaughnessy, R.3
  • 74
    • 0027294007 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind controlled trial of effect of morphine on catecholamine concentrations in ventilated preterm babies
    • 74. Quinn MW, Wild J, Dean HG, et al. Randomized double-blind controlled trial of effect of morphine on catecholamine concentrations in ventilated preterm babies. Lancet 1993;342:324-327.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 324-327
    • Quinn, M.W.1    Wild, J.2    Dean, H.G.3
  • 75
    • 0029079537 scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double blind trial of two loading dose regimens of diamorphine in ventilated newborn infants
    • 75. Barker DP, Simpson J, Pawula M, Barrett DA, Shaw PN, Rutter N. Randomised, double blind trial of two loading dose regimens of diamorphine in ventilated newborn infants. Arch Dis Child 1995;73: F22-F26.
    • (1995) Arch Dis Child , vol.73
    • Barker, D.P.1    Simpson, J.2    Pawula, M.3    Barrett, D.A.4    Shaw, P.N.5    Rutter, N.6
  • 76
    • 0027377601 scopus 로고
    • Effect of opioid-induced analgesia on β-endorphin, cortisol, and glucose responses in neonates with cardiorespiratory problems
    • 76. Pokela ML. Effect of opioid-induced analgesia on β-endorphin, cortisol, and glucose responses in neonates with cardiorespiratory problems. Biol Neonate 1993;64:360-367.
    • (1993) Biol Neonate , vol.64 , pp. 360-367
    • Pokela, M.L.1
  • 77
    • 0028125808 scopus 로고
    • Pain relief can reduce hypoxemia in distressed neonates during treatment procedures
    • 77. Pokela ML. Pain relief can reduce hypoxemia in distressed neonates during treatment procedures. Pediatrics 1994;93:379-383.
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 379-383
    • Pokela, M.L.1
  • 78
    • 0028305477 scopus 로고
    • Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations and analgesia-muscle relaxation in the newborn infant supported by mechanical ventilation
    • 78. Ionides SP, Weiss MG, Angelopoulos M, Myers TF, Handa RJ. Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations and analgesia-muscle relaxation in the newborn infant supported by mechanical ventilation. J Pediatr 1994;125:113-116.
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.125 , pp. 113-116
    • Ionides, S.P.1    Weiss, M.G.2    Angelopoulos, M.3    Myers, T.F.4    Handa, R.J.5
  • 79
    • 0028451323 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of sufentanil therapy in the ventilated infant
    • 79. Seguin JH, Erenberg A, Leff RD. Safety and efficacy of sufentanil therapy in the ventilated infant. Neonatal Network 1994;13:37-40.
    • (1994) Neonatal Network , vol.13 , pp. 37-40
    • Seguin, J.H.1    Erenberg, A.2    Leff, R.D.3
  • 80
    • 0029836851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine use of fentanyl infusions for pain and stress reduction in infants with respiratory distress syndrome
    • 80. Orsini AJ, Leef KH, Costarino A, Detorre MD, Stefano JL. Routine use of fentanyl infusions for pain and stress reduction in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr 1996;129:140-145.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.129 , pp. 140-145
    • Orsini, A.J.1    Leef, K.H.2    Costarino, A.3    Detorre, M.D.4    Stefano, J.L.5
  • 81
    • 0021747019 scopus 로고
    • The pulmonary hemodynamic response to perioperative anesthesia in the treatment of high-risk infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
    • 81. Vacanti JP, Crone RK, Murphy JD, et al. The pulmonary hemodynamic response to perioperative anesthesia in the treatment of high-risk infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 1984;19:672-679.
    • (1984) J Pediatr Surg , vol.19 , pp. 672-679
    • Vacanti, J.P.1    Crone, R.K.2    Murphy, J.D.3
  • 82
    • 0026298987 scopus 로고
    • Narcotic sedation stabilizes arterial blood pressure fluctuations in sick premature infants
    • 82. Goldstein RF, Brazy JE. Narcotic sedation stabilizes arterial blood pressure fluctuations in sick premature infants. J Perinatol 1991;11:365-371.
    • (1991) J Perinatol , vol.11 , pp. 365-371
    • Goldstein, R.F.1    Brazy, J.E.2
  • 83
    • 0023633725 scopus 로고
    • The use of opioids in neonates: A retrospective study of 933 cases
    • 83. Purcell-Jones G, Dormon F, Sumner E. The use of opioids in neonates: a retrospective study of 933 cases. Anaesthesia 1987;42:1316-1320.
    • (1987) Anaesthesia , vol.42 , pp. 1316-1320
    • Purcell-Jones, G.1    Dormon, F.2    Sumner, E.3
  • 84
    • 0023912354 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fentanyl on baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate in newborn infants
    • 84. Murat I, Levron JC, Berg A, Saint-Maurice C. Effects of fentanyl on baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate in newborn infants. Anesthesiology 1988; 68:717-722.
    • (1988) Anesthesiology , vol.68 , pp. 717-722
    • Murat, I.1    Levron, J.C.2    Berg, A.3    Saint-Maurice, C.4
  • 85
    • 0000254585 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory sensitivity of the newborn infant to meperidine and morphine
    • 85. Way WL, Costley EC, Way EL. Respiratory sensitivity of the newborn infant to meperidine and morphine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1965;6:454-461.
    • (1965) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.6 , pp. 454-461
    • Way, W.L.1    Costley, E.C.2    Way, E.L.3
  • 86
    • 0027427905 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory effects of intravenous morphine infusions in neonates, infants, and children after cardiac surgery
    • 86. Lynn AM, Nespeca MK, Opheim KE, et al. Respiratory effects of intravenous morphine infusions in neonates, infants, and children after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 1993;77:695-701.
    • (1993) Anesth Analg , vol.77 , pp. 695-701
    • Lynn, A.M.1    Nespeca, M.K.2    Opheim, K.E.3
  • 87
    • 0024103459 scopus 로고
    • Hazards of analgesia for newborn infants
    • 87. Marlow N, Weindling AM, Cooke RWI. Hazards of analgesia for newborn infants [Correspondence]. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:1293-1298.
    • (1988) Arch Dis Child , vol.63 , pp. 1293-1298
    • Marlow, N.1    Weindling, A.M.2    Cooke, R.W.I.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.