Health symptoms reported by Persian Gulf War veterans two years after return

American Journal of Industrial Medicine

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 104-113

  Wolfe, Jessica ^a,b   Proctor, Susan P ^a,c   Davis, Jennifer Duncan ^a   Borgos, Mariana Sullivan ^a   Friedman, Matthew J ^d,e  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b TUFTS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office White River Junction   (United States)

^e DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Environment; Health; Outcomes; Persian Gulf War; Stress; Toxicology

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; CHEMICAL WARFARE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; DYSPNEA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HEADACHE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; NERVOUSNESS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; RASH; SLEEP DISORDER; SOLDIER; STOMACH DISEASE; SYMPTOM;

ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE EAST; MILITARY PERSONNEL; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; VETERANS; WAR;

EID: 0031985333     PISSN: 02713586     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199802)33:2<104::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-Y     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Almog S, Winkler E, Amitai Y, Dani S, Shefi M, Tirosh M, Shemer J (1991): Acute pyridostigmine overdose: A report of nine cases. Isr J Med Sci 27:659-663.
2. Bartone PT, Ursano RJ, Wright KM, Ingraham LH (1989): The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers. J Nerv Ment Dis 177:317-328.
3. Bullman TA, Watanabe KK, Kang HK (1994): Risk of testicular cancer associated with surrogate measures of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam veterans on the Agent Orange Registry. Ann Epidemiol 4:11-16.
4. Campion EW (1996): Disease and suspicion after the Persian Gulf War. N Engl J Med 335:1525-1527.
5. Chouinard E, Walter S (1995): Recall bias in case-control studies: An empirical analysis and theoretical framework. J Clin Epidemiol 48:245- 254.
6. Decouflé P (1992): Self-reported health status of Vietnam veterans in relation to perceived exposure to herbicides and combat. Am J Epidemiol 135:312-323.
7. DeFraites RF, Wanat ER, Norwood AE, Williams S, Cowan D, Callahan T (1992): "Investigation of a suspected outbreak of an unknown disease among veterans of Operation Desert Shield/Storm 123rd Army Reserve Command." WRAIR Technical Report TR-96-002. Washington, DC: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
8. Derogatis LR (1993): "The Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual." Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research.
9. Derogatis LR, Melisaratos N (1983): The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychol Med 13:595-605.
10. Desimone R (1992): The physiology of memory: Recordings of things past. Science 258:245-246.
11. Friedman MJ, Schnurr PP (1995): The relationship between trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and physical health. In Friedman MJ, Charney DS, Deutch AY (eds): "Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Stress: From Normal Adaptation to PTSD." Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, pp 507-524.
12. Friedman MJ, Schnurr PP, McDonagh-Coyle A (1994): Post-traumatic stress disorder in the military veteran. Psychiatr Clin North Am 47:265-227.
13. Gallops M, Laufer RS, Yager T (1981): The Combat Scale: Revised. In Egendorf A, Kadushin C, Laufer RS, Rothbort G, Floan L (eds): "Legacies of Vietnam: Comparative Adjustment of Veterans and Their Peers." New York: Center for Policy Research, p 125.
14. Goldberg J, True WR, Eisen SA, Henderson WG (1990): A twin study of the effects of the Vietnam War on posttraumatic stress disorder. JAMA 263:1227-1232.
15. Haley RW, Kurt TL (1997): Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study. JAMA 277:231-237.
16. Haley RW, Kurt TL, Horn J (1997): Is there a Gulf War Syndrome?: Searching for syndromes by factor analysis of symptoms. JAMA 277:215-222.
17. Hu H, Cook DR, Shukri A (1989): The use of chemical weapons: Conducting an investigation using survey epidemiology. JAMA 262:640- 643.
18. Hyams KC, Bourgeois AL, Merrell BR, Rozmajzl P, Escamilla J, Thornton SA, Wasserman GM, Burke A, Echeverria P, Green KY (1991): Diarrheal disease during Operation Desert Shield. N Engl J Med 325:1423- 1428.
19. Hyams KC, Hanson K, Wignall FS, Escamilla J, Oldfield EC (1995): The impact of infectious diseases on the health of US troops deployed to the Persian Gulf during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Clin Infect Dis 20:1497-1504.
20. Hyams KC, Wignall FS, Roswell R (1996): War syndromes and their evaluation: From the U.S. Civil War to the Persian Gulf War. Ann Intern Med 125:398-405.
21. Institute of Medicine (1995): "Health Consequences of Service during the Persian Gulf War: Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action." Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
22. Iowa Persian Gulf Study Group (1997): Self-reported illness and health status among Gulf War veterans. JAMA 277:238-245.
23. Joseph S (1996): Testimony to the Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, U.S. House of Representatives, June 25, 1996.
24. Keane TM, Caddell JM, Taylor KL (1988): Mississippi Scale for Combat- Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Three studies in reliability and validity. J Consult Clin Psychol 56:85-90.
25. Keeler JR, Hurst CG, Dunn MA (1991): Pyridostigmine used as a nerve agent pretreatment under wartime conditions. JAMA 266:693-695.
26. Kimerling R, Calhoun KS (1994): Somatic symptoms, social support, and treatment seeking among sexual assault victims. J Consult Clin Psychol 62:333-340.
27. Korenyi-Both AL, Molnar AC, Korenyi-Both AL, Fidelus-Gort R (1992): Al Eskan disease: Desert Storm pneumonias. Mil Med 157:452-462.
28. Kroenke K, Price RK (1993): Symptoms in the community: Prevalence, classification, and psychiatric comorbidityr Arch Intern Med 153:2474-2480.
29. Kulka RA, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA (1990): "Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation." New York: Brunner/Mazel.
30. Landrigan PJ (1997): Illness in Gulf War veterans: Causes and consequences, JAMA 277:259-261.
31. Litz BT, Keane TM, Fisher L, Marx B, Monaco V (1992): Physical health complaints in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A preliminary report. J Trauma Stress 5:131-141.
32. Magill AJ, Grogl M, Gasser RA, Sun W, Oster CN (1993): Visceral infection caused by Leishmania tropica in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. N Engl J Med 328:1383-1387.
33. MMWR (1995): Unexplained illness among Persian Gulf War veterans in an Air National Guard unit: Preliminary report - August 1990-March 1995. MMWR 44:443-447.
34. Neugebauer R, Ng S (1990): Differential recall as a source of bias in epidemiologic research. J Clin Epidemiol 43:1337-1341.
35. NIH Technology Assessment Workshop Panel (1994): The Persian Gulf experience and health. JAMA 272:391-396.
36. Persian Gulf Veterans Coordinating Board, PGVCB (1995): Unexplained illnesses among Desert Storm veterans: A search for causes, treatment, and cooperation. Arch Intern Med 155:262-268.
37. Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses (1996): "Final Report." Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
38. Rosenheck R, Hechel H, Blank AS, Parley P, Fontana AF, Friedman MJ, Fulton J, Gelsomino J, Grishman M, Gusman F, Keane TM, Lehmann L, Podkul TB, Ursano RJ, Wolfe J (1991): War Zone Stress among Returning Persian Gulf Troops: A Preliminary Report. West Haven, CT: VA New England Program Evaluation Center.
39. Shalev A, Bleich A, Ursano RJ (1990): Post-traumatic stress disorder: Somatic comorbidity and effort tolerance. Psychosomatics 31:197-203.
40. Stengel B, Pisani P, Limasset JC, Bouyer J, Berrino F, Hemon D (1993): Retrospective evaluation of occupational exposure to organic solvents: Questionnaire and job exposure matrix. Int J Epidemiol 22 Suppl:S72-S82.
41. Verbrugge LM (1985): Gender and health: An update on hypotheses and evidence. J Health Soc Behav 26:156-182.
42. Verbrugge LM (1989): The twain meet: Empirical explanations of sex differences in health and mortality. J Health Soc Behav 30:282-304.
43. Wohlgemuth E, Betz NE (1991): Gender as a moderator of the relationships of stress and social support to physical health in college students. J Counsel Psych 38:367-374.
44. Wolfe J, Kelley J, Bucsela M, Mark W (1992): Ft. Devens Reunion Survey: Report of Phase I. In Rosenheck R, Becnel H, Blank A (eds): "Returning Persian Gulf troops: First year findings." New Haven: Department of Veterans Affairs, pp 19-44.
45. Wolfe J, Brown P, Kelley J (1993): Reassessing war stress: Exposure and the Gulf War. J Social Issues 49:15-31.
46. Wolfe J, Schnurr PP, Brown PJ, Furey J (1994): PTSD and war-zone exposure as correlates of perceived health in female Vietnam veterans. J Consult Clin Psychol 162:1235-1240.