Convergence of limbic input to the cingulate motor cortex in the rhesus monkey

Brain Research Bulletin

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 209-232

  Morecraft, Robert J ^a   Van Hoesen, Gary W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cingulate gyrus; Limbic system; Non human primate

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN MAPPING; CINGULATE GYRUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; INSULA; LIMBIC SYSTEM; LOCOMOTION; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE PROJECTION; NONHUMAN; ORBITAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RHESUS MONKEY;

AMINO ACIDS; ANIMALS; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; FLUORESCENT DYES; GYRUS CINGULI; HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; LIMBIC SYSTEM; MACACA MULATTA; MOTOR CORTEX; TERMINOLOGY;

EID: 0031984301     PISSN: 03619230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00344-4     Document Type: Article

References (187)

1. Amaral D. G., Price J. L. Amygdalo-cortical projections in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J. Comp. Neurol. 230:1984;465-496.
2. Amaral D. G., Insausti R., Cowan W. M. The entorhinal cortex of the monkey I . Cytoarchitectonic organization. J. Comp. Neurol. 264:1987;326-355.
3. Amyes E. W., Nielsen J. M. Clinicopathologic study of vascular lesions of the anterior cingulate region. Bull. Los Angeles Neurol. Soc. 20:1955;112-130.
4. Arikuni T., Sako H., Murata A. Ipsilateral connections of the anterior cingulate cortex with the frontal and medial temporal cortices in the macaque monkey (1994). Neurosci. Res. 21:1994;19-39.
5. Arnold S. S., Hyman B. T., Van Hoesen G. W., Damasio A. R. Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 48:1991;625-632.
6. Arryo S., Lesser R. P., Gordon B., Uematsu S., Hart J., Schwerdt P., Andreasson K., Fisher R. S. Mirth, laughter and gelastic seizures. Brain. 116:1993;757-780.
7. Bacon S. J., Smith A. D. A monosynaptic pathway from an identified vasomotor centre in the medial prefrontal cortex to an autonomic area in the thoracic spinal cord. Neuroscience. 54:1993;719-728.
8. Baldwin M., Frost L. L., Wood C. D. Investigation of the primate amygdala Movements of the face and jaws . Neurology. 4:1954;586-598.
9. Baleydier C., Mauguiere F. The duality of the cingulate gyrus in monkey Neuroanatomical study and functional hypothesis . Brain. 103:1980;525-554.
10. Ballantine H. T., Bouckoms A. J., Thomas E. K., Giriunas I. E. Treatment of psychiatric illness by stereotaxic cingulotomy. Biol. Psychiatry. 22:1987;807-919.
11. Bandler R., Carrive P., Zhang S. P. Integration of somatic and autonomic reactions within the midbrain periaqueductal gray Viscerotopic, somatotopic and functional organization . Holstege G. Progress in brain research. vol. 87:1991;269-305 Elsevier, New York.
12. Barbas H. Organization of cortical afferent input to orbitofrontal areas in the rhesus monkey. Neuroscience. 56:1993;841-864.
13. Barbas H., De Olmos J. Projections from the amygdala to basoventral and mediodorsal prefrontal regions in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 300:1990;549-571.
14. Barbas H., Mesulam M.-M. Organization of afferent input to subdivisions of area 8 in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 200:1981;407-431.
15. Barbas H., Pandya D. N. Architecture and intrinsic connections of the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 286:1989;353-375.
16. Barbas H. ; Haswell Henion, T. H.; Dermon, C. R. Diverse thalamic projections to the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 313:1991;65-94.
17. Bard P. A diencephalic mechanism for the expression of rage with special reference to the sympathetic nervous system. Am. J. Physiol. 84:1928;499-515.
18. Barris R. W., Schuman H. R. Bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus lesions Syndrome of the anterior cingulate gyri . Neurology. 3:1953;44-52.
19. Bates J. A. V. Stimulation of the medial surface of the human cerebral hemisphere after hemispherectomy. Brain. 76:1953;405-447.
20. Bates J. F., Goldman-Rakic P. S. Prefrontal connections of medial motor areas in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 336:1993;211-228.
21. Baylis B. C., Rolls E. T., Leonard C. M. Functional subdivisions of the temporal lobe neocortex. J. Neurosci. 7:1987;330-342.
22. Benes F. M. Relationship of cingulate cortex to schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Vogt B. A., Gabriel M. Neurobiology of the cingulate cortex and limbic thalamus A comprehensive textbook . 1993;581-605 Birkhauser, Boston.
23. Benes F. M., Bird E. D. An analysis of the arrangement of neurons in the cingulate cortex of schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 44:1987;608-616.
24. Benes F. M. ; McSparren; Bird, E. D.; SanGiovanni, J. P.; Vincent, S. L. Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortex of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 48:1991;996-1000.
25. Benes F. M., Sorensen I., Vincent S. L., Bird E. D., Sathi M. Increased density of glutamate-immunoreactive vertical processes in superficial laminae of the cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain. Cereb. Cortex. 2:1992;503-512.
26. A receptor binding in superficial layers of cingulate cortex in schizophrenics. J. Neurosci. 12:1992;924-929.
27. Biber M. P., Kneisley L. W., LaVail J. H. Cortical neurons projecting to the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord in young adult rhesus monkeys. Exp. Neurol. 59:1978;492-508.
28. Bonin, G.; Bailey, P. The neocortex of the Macaca mulatta. Urbana: The University of Illinois Press; 1947.
29. Braak H. A primitive gigantopyramidal field buried in the depth of the cingulate sulcus of the human brain. Brain Res. 109:1976;219-233.
30. Broca P. Anatomie comparée des circonvolutions cérébrales Le grand lobe limbique et la scissure limbique dans la série des mammifères . Rev. Anthropol. Ser. 21:1878;384-498.
31. Brodmann K. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde. 1909;Barth, Leipzig.
32. Brooks V. B. How does the limbic system assist motor learning? A limbic comparatory hypothesis. Brain Behav. Evol. 29:1986;29-53.
33. Buge A., Escourolle R., Rancurel G., Poisson M. "Mutisme akinétique" et ramollissement bicingulaire - Trois observations anatomo-cliniques. Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 131:1975;121-137.
34. Cannon W. B., Britton S. W. Psuedoaffective medulliadrenal secretion. Am. J. Physiol. 72:1925;283-294.
35. Carmichael S. T., Price J. L. Architectonic subdivision of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 346:1994;366-402.
36. Cechetto D. F., Saper C. B. Role of the cerebral cortex in autonomic function. Loewy A. D., Saper K. M. In The autonomic nervous system: Central regulation of autonomic function . 1990;208-223 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
37. Condé F. Further studies on the use of the fluorescent tracers fast blue and diamidino yellow Effective uptake area and cellular storage sites . J. Neurosci. Methods. 21:1987;31-43.
38. Cowan W. M., Gottlieb D. I., Hendrickson A. E., Price J. L., Woolsey T. A. The autoradiographic demonstration of axonal connections in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 37:1972;21-51.
39. Darian-Smith C., Darian-Smith I., Burman K., Ratcliff N. Ipsilateral cortical projections to areas 3a, 3b and 4 in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 335:1993;200-213.
40. Deacon T. W., Eichenbaum H., Rosenberg P., Eckmann K. W. Afferent connections of the perirhinal cortex in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 220:1983;168-190.
41. Delgado J. M. R., Livingston R. B. Some respiratory, vascular and thermal responses to stimulation of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe. J. Neurophysiol. 11:1948;39-55.
42. Demeter S., Rosene D. L., Van Hoesen G. W. Interhemispheric pathways of the hippocampal formation, presubiculum, and the entorhinal and posterior parahippocampal cortices in the rhesus monkey The structure and organization of the hippocampal commissures . J. Comp. Neurol. 233:1985;30-47.
43. Devinsky O., Morrell M. J., Vogt B. A. Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behavior. Brain. 118:1995;279-306.
44. Dum R. P., Strick P. L. The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe. J. Neurosci. 11:1991;667-689.
45. Filimonoff I. N. A rational subdivision of the cerebral cortex. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry. 58:1947;296-310.
46. Friston K. J., Liddle P. F., Frith C. D., Hirsch S. R., Frackowiak R. S. J. The left medial temporal region and schizophrenia. Brain. 115:1992;367-382.
47. Gabbott L. A., Bacon S. J. Local circuit neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 24a,b,c, 25 and 32) in the monkey I . Cell morphology and morphometries. J. Comp. Neurol. 364:1966;567-608.
48. Galea M. P., Darian-Smith I. Multiple corticospinal neuron populations in the macaque are specified by their unique cortical origins, spinal terminations, and connections. Cereb. Cortex. 4:1994;166-194.
49. Gellhorn E., Loofbourrow G. N. Emotions and emotional disorders A Neurophysiological study . 1963;Harper and Row Publishers Inc, New York.
50. Glees P., Cole J., Whitty C. W. M., Cairns H. The effects of lesions in the cingular gyrus and adjacent areas in monkeys. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 13:1950;178-190.
51. Goldman-Rakic P. S., Porrino L. J. The primate medial dorsal (MD) nucleus and its projection to the frontal lobe. J. Comp. Neurol. 242:1985;535-560.
52. Goldman-Rakic P. S., Selemon L. D., Schwartz M. L. Dual pathways connecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Neuroscience. 12:1984;719-743.
53. Gower E. C. Efferent projections from limbic cortex of the temporal pole to the magnocellular medial dorsal nucleus in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 280:1989;343-358.
54. He S.-Q., Dum R. P., Strick P. L. Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe Motor areas on the lateral surface of the hemisphere . J. Neurosci. 13:1993;952-980.
55. He S.-Q., Dum R. P., Strick P. L. Organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe Motor areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere . J. Neurosci. 15:1995;3284-3306.
56. Heckers S., Heinsen H., Heinsen Y. C., Beckmann H. Limbic structures and lateral ventricle in schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 47:1990;1016-1023.
57. Heimer L., de Olmos J., Alheid G. F., Zaborszky L. "Perestroika" in the basal forebrain Opening the border between neurology and psychiatry . Holstege G. Progress in brain research. vol. 87:1991;109-165 Elsevier, New York.
58. Hess W. R. The functional organization of the diencephalon. 1957;Grune and Stratton Press, New York.
59. Holstege G. Descending motor pathways and the spinal motor system Limbic and non-limbic components . Holstege G. Progress in brain research. vol. 87:1991;307-421 Elsevier, New York.
60. Huisman A. M., Kuypers H. G. J. M., Conde F., Keizer K. Collaterals of rubrospinal neurons to the cerebellum in rat A retrograde fluorescent double labeling study . Brain Res. 264:1983;181-196.
61. Humphrey D. R., Gold R., Reed D. J. Sizes, laminar and topographic origins of cortical projections to the major divisions of the red nucleus in the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 225:1984;75-94.
62. Hutchins K. D., Martino A. M., Strick P. L. Corticospinal projections from the medial wall of the hemisphere. Exp. Brain Res. 71:1988;667-672.
63. Insausti R., Amaral D. G., Cowan W. M. The entorhinal cortex of the monkey II . Cortical afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 264:1987;356-395.
64. Johnson T. J., Rosvold H. E., Mishkin M. Projections from behaviorally-defined sectors of the prefrontal cortex to the basal ganglia, septum, and diencephalon of the monkey. Exp. Neurol. 21:1968;20-34.
65. Jones E. G., Powell T. P. S. An anatomical study of converging sensory pathways within the cerebral cortex of the monkey. Brain. 93:1970;793-820.
66. Jurgens U. The efferent and afferent connections of the supplementary motor area. Brain Res. 300:1984;63-81.
67. Kaada B. R. Somato-motor autonomic and electrocorticographic responses to electrical stimulation of the rhinencephalon and other structures in primates, cat and dog. Acta Physiol. Scand. 24:(Suppl. 83):1951;1-285.
68. Kaada B. R., Pribram K. H., Epstein J. A. Respiratory and vascular responses in monkeys from temporal pole, insula, orbital surface and cingulate gyrus. J. Neurophysiol. 12:1949;348-356.
69. Kosel K. C., Van Hoesen G. W., Rosene D. L. Non-hippocampal cortical projections from the entorhinal cortex in the rat and rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 244:1982;201-213.
70. Kosel K. C., Van Hoesen G. W., West J. R. Olfactory projections to the parahippocampal area of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 198:1981;467-482.
71. Kremer W. F. Autonomic and somatic reactions induced by stimulation of the cingulate gyrus in dogs. J. Neurophysiol. 10:1947;371-379.
72. Kunishio K., Haber S. N. Primate cingulostriatal projection Limbic striatal versus sensorimotor striatal input . J. Comp. Neurol. 350:1994;337-356.
73. Kuypers H. G. J. M., Huisman A. M. Fluorescent tracers. Fedoroff S. Advances in cellular neurobiology. vol. 5:1984;307-340 Academic Press, Orlando.
74. Laplane D., Degos J. D., Baulac M., Gray F. Bilateral infarction of the anterior cingulate gyri and of the fornices. J. Neurol. Sci. 51:1981;289-300.
75. Livingston K. E., Escobar A. Tentative limbic system models for certain patterns of psychiatric disorders. Laitinen L. V., Livingston K. E. Surgical approaches in psychiatry. 1973;245-252 University Park Press, Baltimore.
76. Lu M.-T., Preston J. B., Strick P. L. Interconnections between the prefrontal cortex and the premotor areas in the frontal lobe. J. Comp. Neurol. 341:1994;375-392.
77. Luppino G., Matelli M., Camarda R. M., Gallese V., Rizzolatti G. Multiple representations of body movement in mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex An intracortical microstimulation study in the macaque monkey . J. Comp. Neurol. 311:1991;463-482.
78. Luppino G., Matelli M., Camarda R. M., Rizzolatti G. M. Corticocortical connections of area F3 (SMA-proper) and area F6 (pre-SMA) in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 338:1993;114-140.
79. Luppino G., Matelli M., Camarda R. M., Rizzolatti G. Corticospinal projections from mesial frontal and cingulate areas in the monkey. NeuroReport. 5:1994;2545-2548.
80. Luppino G., Matelli M., Rizzolatti G. Cortico-cortical connections of two electrophysiologically identified arm representations in the mesial agranular frontal cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 82:1990;214-218.
81. MacDonald Tow P., Whitty C. W. M. Personality changes after operations on the cingulate gyrus in man. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 16:1953;186-193.
82. MacLean P. D. The limbic system and its hippocampal formation. J. Neurosurg. 11:1954;29-44.
83. Manschreck T. C. Motor abnormalities in schizophrenia. Nasrallah H., Weinberger D. The Neurology of schizophrenia. vol. 1:1986;65-96 Elsevier-North Holland, of Handbook of schizophrenia. Amsterdam.
84. Manschreck T. C., Maher B. A., Rucklos M. E., Vereen D. R. Disturbed voluntary motor activity in schizophrenic disorder. Psychol. Med. 12:1982;73-84.
85. Markowitsch H. J., Emmans D., Irle E., Streicher M., Preilowski B. Cortical and subcortical afferent connections of the primate's temporal pole A study of Rhesus monkeys, squirrel monkeys and marmosets . J. Comp. Neurol. 242:1985;425-458.
86. Martin-Elkins C. L., Horel J. A. Cortical afferents to behaviorally defined regions of the inferior temporal and parahippocampal gyri as demonstrated by WGA-HRP. J. Comp. Neurol. 321:1992;177-192.
87. Matelli M., Luppino G., Rizzolatti G. Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 311:1991;445-462.
88. McGuire P. K., Bates J. F., Goldman-Rakic P. S. Interhemispheric integration I . Symmetry and convergence of the corticocortical connections of the left and the right principal sulcus (PS) and the left and the right supplementary motor area (SMA) in the rhesus monkey. Cereb. Cortex. 1:1991;390-407.
89. Mesulam M.-M. Tetramethyl benzidine for horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry A non-carcinogenic blue reaction product with superior sensitivity for visualizing neural afferents and efferents . J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26:1978;106-117.
90. Mesulam M.-M. Principles of horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry and their applications for tracing neural pathways-axonal transport, enzyme histochemistry and light microscopic analysis. Mesulam M.-M. Tracing neural connections with horseradish peroxidase. 1982;1-151 John Wiley and Sons, New York.
91. Mesulam, M.-M. Patterns in behavioral neuroanatomy: Association areas, the limbic system, and hemispheric specialization. In: Mesulam ed. Principles of behavioral neurology. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company; 1988:1-70.
92. Mesulam M.-M., Mufson E. J. Insula of the Old World Monkey. I: Architectonics in the insulo-orbito-temporal component of the paralimbic brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 212:1982;1-22.
93. Mesulam M. M., Mufson E. J. Insula of the old world monkey. III: Efferent cortical output and comments on function. J. Comp. Neurol. 212:1982;38-52.
94. Mesulam M.-M., Mufson E. J. The insula of Reil in man and monkey. Peters A., Jones E. G. Cerebral cortex. vol. 4:1985;179-226 Plenum Press, New York.
95. Mitz A. R., Wise S. P. The somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area Intracortical microstimulation mapping . J. Neurosci. 7:1987;1010-1021.
96. Mogenson G. J., Jones D. L., Yim C. Y. From motivation to action Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system . Prog. Brain. Res. 14:1980;69-97.
97. Moran M. A., Mufson E. J., Mesulam M.-M. Neural input into the temporopolar cortex of the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 256:1987;88-103.
98. Morecraft R. J., Geula C., Mesulam M.-M. Cytoarchitecture and neural afferents of orbitofrontal cortex in the brain of the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 323:1992;341-358.
99. Morecraft R. J., Van Hoesen G. W. Cingulate input to the primary and supplementary motor cortices in the rhesus monkey Evidence for somatotopy in areas 24c and 23c . J. Comp. Neurol. 322:1992;471-489.
100. Morecraft R. J., Van Hoesen G. W. Convergence of limbic input to the cingulate motor cortex in rhesus monkey. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 18:1992;324.
101. Morecraft R. J., Van Hoesen G. W. Frontal granular cortex input to the cingulate (M3), supplementary (M2) and primary (M1) motor cortices in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 337:1993;669-689.
102. Morecraft R. J., Van Hoesen G. W. Descending projections to the basal ganglia, red nucleus and pontine nuclei from the cingulate motor cortex (M3 or area 24c) in the rhesus monkey. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 20:1994;986.
103. Morecraft R. J., Van Hoesen G. W. Cortical motor control. Fredericks C., Saladin L. The motor system Basic principles and pathophysiology . 1996;158-180 F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia.
104. Morecraft R. J., Keifer J., Saoi D. J. The corticospinal projection from the cingulate motor cortex (M3 or area 24c) to the cervical enlargement in rhesus monkey. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:1995;411.
105. Morecraft R. J., Schroeder C. M., Keifer J. The organization of face representation in the cingulate gyrus of the rhesus monkey. NeuroReport. 7:1996;1343-1348.
106. Morecraft, R. J.; Louie, J. L.; Schroeder, C. M.; Avramov, K. Segregated parallel inputs to the brachial spinal cord from the cingulate motor cortex in the monkey. NeuroReport. (in press).
107. Muakkassa K. F., Strick P. L. Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex Evidence for four somatotopically organized "premotor" areas . Brain Res. 177:1979;176-182.
108. Mufson E. J., Mesulam M.-M. Insula of the old world monkey. II: Afferent cortical input and comments on the claustrum. J. Comp. Neurol. 212:1982;23-37.
109. Mufson E. J., Mesulam M.-M., Pandya D. N. Insular interconnections with the amygdala in the rhesus monkey. Neuroscience. 6:1981;1231-1248.
110. Müller-Preuss P., Jürgens U. Projections from the cingular vocalization area in the squirrel monkey. Brain Res. 103:1976;29-43.
111. Murray E. A., Coulter J. D. Organization of corticospinal neurons in the monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 195:1981;339-365.
112. Musil S. Y., Olson C. R. Organization of cortical and subcortical projections to anterior cingulate cortex in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 272:1988;203-218.
113. Nauta W. J. H. Fibre degeneration following lesions of the amygdaloid complex in the monkey. J. Anat. 95:1961;515-531.
114. Nauta W. J. H. Neural associations of the frontal cortex. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 32:1972;125-140.
115. Neafsey E. J., Terreberry R. R., Hurley K. M., Ruit K. G., Frysztak R. J. Anterior cingulate cortex in rodents Connections, Visceral control functions, and implications for emotion . Vogt B. A., Gabriel M. Neurobiology of the cingulate cortex and limbic thalamus A comprehensive handbook . 1993;206-223 Birkhauser, Boston.
116. Nielsen J. M., Jacobs L. L. Bilateral lesions of the anterior cingulate gyri Report of a case . Bull. Los Angeles Neurol. Soc. 16:1951;231-234.
117. Nimchinsky E. A., Hof P. R., Young W. G., Morrison J. H. Neurochemical, morphologic, and laminar characterization of cortical projection neurons in the cingulate motor areas of the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 374:1996;136-160.
118. O'Gorman G. Abnormalities in movement. James F. E., Snaith R. P. Psychiatric illness and mental handicap. 1979;91-101 Gaskell Press, London.
119. Pandya D. N., Kuypers H. G. J. M. Cortico-cortical connections in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 13:1969;13-36.
120. Pandya D. N., Vignolo L. A. Intra- and interhemispheric projections of the precentral, premotor and arcuate areas in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 26:1971;217-233.
121. Pandya D. N., Seltzer B. Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 204:1982;196-210.
122. Pandya D. N., Van Hoesen G. W., Domesick V. B. A cingulo-amygdaloid projection in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 61:1973;369-373.
123. Pandya D. N., Van Hoesen G. W., Mesulam M.-M. Efferent connections of the cingulate gyrus in the rhesus monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 42:1981;319-330.
124. Papez J. W. A proposed mechanism of emotion. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry. 38:1937;725-743.
125. Paus T., Petrides M., Evans A. C., Meyer E. Role of the human anterior cingulate cortex in the control of oculomotor, manual, and speech responses A positron emission tomography study . J. Neurophysiol. 70:1993;453-469.
126. Pfingst B. E., O'Connor T. A. Characteristics of neurons in auditory cortex of monkeys performing a simple auditory task. J. Neurophysiol. 45:1981;16-34.
127. Picard N., Strick P. L. Medial wall motor areas; A review of their location and functional activation. Cereb. Cortex. 6:1996;342-353.
128. Pool J. L., Ransohoff R. Autonomic effects on stimulating rostral portion of cingulate gyri in man. J. Neurophysiol. 12:1949;385-392.
129. Powell E. W. The cingulate bridge between allocortex, isocortex and thalamus. Anat. Rec. 190:1978;783-794.
130. Price J. L. The efferent projections of the amygdaloid complex in the rat, cat and monkey. Ben-Ari Y. The amygdaloid complex. 1981;121-131 Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
131. Price J. L., Russchen F. T., Amaral D. G. The limbic region. II. The amygdaloid complex. In: Bjorklund A., Hokfelt T., Swanson L. W. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy. vol. 5:1987;279-388 Elsevier, Integrated systems of the CNS. New York.
132. Ray J. P., Price J. L. The organization of projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 337:1993;1-31.
133. Reep R. Relationship between prefrontal and limbic cortex A comparative anatomical review . Brain Behav. Evol. 25:1984;5-80.
134. Rogers D. The motor disorders of severe psychiatric illness A conflict of paradigms . Br. J. Psychiatry. 147:1985;221-232.
135. Rogers D. C., Karki C., Bartlett C., Pocock P. The motor disorders of mental handicap An overlap with the motor disorders of severe psychiatric illness . Br. J. Psychiatry. 158:1991;97-102.
136. Rosene D. J., Mesulam M.-M. Fixation variables in horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry. I. The effects of fixation time and perfusion procedure upon activity. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26:1978;28-39.
137. Rosene D. L., Van Hoesen G. W. Hippocampal efferents reach widespread areas of the cerebral cortex and amygdala in the rhesus monkey. Science. 198:1977;315-317.
138. Rosene D. L., Roy N. J., Davis B. J. A cryoprotection method that facilitates cutting frozen sections of whole monkey brains for histological and histochemical processing without freezing artifact. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 34:1986;1301-1315.
139. Rouiller E. M., Babalian A., Kazennikov O., Moret V., Yu X.-H., Wiesendanger M. Transcallosal connections of the distal forelimb representations of the primary and supplementary motor cortical areas in macaque monkeys. Exp. Brain Res. 102:1994;227-243.
140. Sanides F. Comparative architectonics of the neocortex of mammals and their evolutionary interpretation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 167:1969;404-423.
141. Sanides F. Functional architecture of motor and sensory cortices in primates in the light of a new concept of neocortex evolution. Noback C. R., Montagna W. The primate brain. 1970;137-208 Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
142. Saper C. B. Convergence of autonomic and limbic connections in the insular cortex of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 210:1982;163-173.
143. Sarkissov B. A., Filimonoff I. N., Kononowa E. P., Preobraschenskaja I. S., Kukuew L. A. Atlas of the cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex. 1955;Medgiz, Moscow.
144. Saunders R. C., Rosene D. L. A comparison of the efferents of the amygdala and the hippocampal formation in the rhesus monkey I . Convergence in the entorhinal, prorhinal, and perirhinal cortices. J. Comp. Neurol. 271:1988;153-184.
145. Schroeder C. M., Morecraft R. J. The corticomesencephalic projection from the cingulate motor cortex to the periaqueductal gray in the rhesus monkey. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22:1996;1838.
146. Seltzer B., Pandya D. N. Intrinsic connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 290:1989;451-471.
147. Seltzer B., Pandya D. N. Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey A retrograde study . J. Comp. Neurol. 343:1994;445-463.
148. Shima K., Aya K., Mushiake H., Inase M., Aizawa H., Tanji J. Two movement-related foci in the primate cingulate cortex observed in signal-triggered and self-paced forelimb movements. J. Neurophysiol. 65:1991;188-202.
149. Showers M. J. C. The cingulate gyrus Additional motor area and cortical autonomic regulator . J. Comp. Neurol. 112:1959;231-287.
150. Showers M. J. C., Crosby E. C. Somatic and visceral responses from the cingulate gyrus. Neurology. 8:1958;561-565.
151. Sloan N., Kaada B. Effects of anterior limbic stimulation on somatomotor and electocortical activity. J. Neurophysiol. 16:1953;203-220.
152. Smith W. K. The functional significance of the rostral cingular cortex as revealed by its responses to electrical excitation. J. Neurophysiol. 8:1945;241-255.
153. Suzuki W. A., Amaral D. G. Perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey Cortical afferents . J. Comp. Neurol. 350:1994;497-533.
154. Swanson L. W., Mogenson G. J. Neural mechanisms for the functional coupling of autonomic, endocrine and somatomotor responses in adaptive behavior. Brain Res. Rev. 3:1981;1-34.
155. Talairach J., Bancaud J., Geier S., Bordas-Ferrer M., Bonis A., Rusu M. The cingulate gyrus and human behavior. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 34:1973;45-52.
156. Tokuno H., Tanji T. Input organization of distal and proximal forelimb areas in monkey primary motor cortex A retrograde double labeling study . J. Comp. Neurol. 333:1993;199-209.
157. Tokuno H., Inase M. Direct projections from the ventral premotor cortex to the hindlimb region of the supplementary motor area in the macaque monkey. Neurosci. Lett. 171:1994;159-162.
158. Tourtellotte W. G., Lawrence D. T., Getting P. A., Van Hoesen G. W. A graphics-orientated personal computer-based microscope charting system for neuroanatomical and neurochemical studies. J. Neurosci. Methods. 29:1989;43-57.
159. Van Buren J. M., Fedio P. Functional representation on the medial aspect of the frontal lobes in man. J. Neurosurg. 44:1976;275-289.
160. Van Hoesen G. W. The differential distribution, diversity and sprouting of cortical projections to the amygdala in the rhesus monkey. Ben-Ari Y. The amygdaloid complex. 1981;77-90 Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
161. Van Hoesen G. W. Neural systems of the non-human primate fore-brain implicated in memory. Corkin S., Gamzu E., Olton D. Memory dysfunctions. vol. 444:1985;97-112 New York Academy of Science, New York.
162. Van Hoesen G. W. The parahippocampal gyrus New observations regarding its cortical connections in the monkey . Trends in Neurosci. 5:1982;345-350.
163. Van Hoesen G. W., Pandya D. N. Some connections of the entorhinal (area 28) and perirhinal (area 35) cortices of the rhesus monkey. I. Temporal lobe afferents. Brain Res. 95:1975;1-24.
164. Van Hoesen G. W., Morecraft R. J., Semendeferi K. Functional neuroanatomy of the frontal lobe and limbic system in humans and non-human primates. Fogel B. S., Schiffer R. D., Rao S. M. Neuropsychiatry A comprehensive textbook . 1996;113-143 Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
165. Van Hoesen G. W., Morecraft R. J., Vogt B. A. Connections of the monkey cingulate cortex. Vogt B. A., Gabriel G. Neurobiology of the cingulate cortex and limbic thalamus A comprehensive handbook . 1993;249-284 Birkhauser, Boston.
166. Van Hoesen G. W., Pandya D. N., Butters N. Cortical afferents to the entorhinal cortex of the rhesus monkey. Science. 175:1972;1471-1473.
167. Van Hoesen G. W., Pandya D. N., Butters N. Some connections of the entorhinal (area 28) and perirhinal (area 35) cortices of the rhesus monkey. II. Frontal lobe afferents. Brain Res. 95:1975;25-38.
168. Veilleux F., Saint-Hilaire J. M., Giard N., Turmel A., Bernier G. P., Rouleau I., Mercier M., Bouvier G. Seizures of the human medial frontal lobe. Adv. Neurol. 57:1992;245-255.
169. Vitzthum H. G., Sanides F. Entwicklungsprinzipien der menschlichen Sehrinde. Hassler R., Stephan H. Evolution of the forebrain-phylogenesis and ontogenesis of the forebrain. 1967;443-453 Plenum Press, New York.
170. Vogt B. A. Retrosplenial cortex in the rhesus monkey A cytoarchitectonic and Golgi study . J. Comp. Neurol. 169:1976;63-98.
171. Vogt B. A. Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex The anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions . Cereb. Cortex. 2:1992;435-443.
172. Vogt B. A. Structural organization of the cingulate cortex Areas, neurons, and somatodendritic transmitter receptors . Vogt B. A., Gabriel M. Neurobiology of the cingulate cortex and limbic thalamus A comprehensive textbook . 1993;19-70 Birkhauser, Boston.
173. Vogt B. A., Pandya D. N. Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey II . Cortical afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 262:1987;271-289.
174. Vogt B. A., Pandya D. N., Rosene D. L. Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey I . Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 262:1987;256-270.
175. Ward A. A. The cingular gyrus Area 24 . J. Neurophysiol. 11:1948;13-23.
176. Ward A. A. The anterior cingulate gyrus and personality. Res. Publ. Ass. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 27:1948;438-445.
177. Watson R. T., Heilman K. M., Cauthen J. C., King F. A. Neglect after cingulectomy. Neurology. 23:1973;1003-1007.
178. Weinberger D. R., Aloia M. S., Goldberg T. B., Berman K. F. The frontal lobes and schizophrenia. J. Neuropsychol. 6:1994;419-427.
179. Weinberger D. R., Berman K. F., Suddath R., Torrey E. F. Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia A magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins . Am. J. Psychiatry. 149:1992;890-897.
180. Weller R. E., Steele G. E. Cortical connections of subdivisions of the inferior temporal cortex in squirrel monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 324:1992;37-66.
181. Wieser H. G., Swartz B. E., Delgado-Escueta A. V., Bancaud J., Walsh G. O., Maldonado H., Saint-Hilaire J. M. Differentiating frontal lobe seizures from temporal lobe seizures. Adv. Neurol. 57:1992;267-285.
182. Williams D. T., Ford B., Fahn S. Phenomenology and psychopathology related to psychogenic movement disorders. Weiner W. J., Lang A. E. Advances in neurology, behavioral neurology of movement disorders. 1995;231-257 Raven Press, New York.
183. Witter M. P. Organization of the entorhinal-hippocampal system A review of current anatomical data . Hippocampus. 3:1993;33-44.
184. Woods B. T., Kinney D. K., Yurgelum-Todd D. Neurologic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their families. I. Comparison of schizophrenic, bipolar, and substance abuse patients and normal controls. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 43:1986;657-663.
185. Yakovlev P. I., Locke S. Limbic nuclei of the thalamus and connections of the cingulate cortex III. Corticocortical connections of the anterior cingulate gyrus, the cingulum, and the subcallosal bundle in monkey. Arch. Neurol. 5:1961;364-400.
186. Yasui Y., Breder C. D., Saper C. B., Cechetto D. F. Autonomic responses and efferent pathways from insular cortex in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 303:1991;355-374.
187. Yeterian E. H., Pandya D. N. Corticothalamic connections of paralimbic regions in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 269:1988;130-146.