Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 41, Issue SUPPL. C, 1998, Pages 41-46

  Wilcox, Mark H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN; METRONIDAZOLE;

BACTERIAL INFECTION; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INTESTINE FLORA; RECURRENT INFECTION; RELAPSE; REVIEW; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; VACCINATION;

EID: 0031982310     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/41.suppl_3.41     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Wilcox, M. H. & Spencer, R. C. (1992). Clostridium difficile infection: responses, relapses and re-infections. Journal of Hospital Infection 22, 85-92.
2. Olson, M. M., Shanholtzer, C. J., Lee, J. T. & Gerding, D. N. (1994). Ten years of prospective Clostridium difficile-associated disease surveillance and treatment at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 1982-1991. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 15, 371-81.
3. Bartlett, J. G. (1990). Clostridium difficile: clinical considerations. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 12, Suppl 2, S243-51.
4. Wilcox, M. H. & Smythe, E. T. M. (1998). UK survey of the incidence and impact of Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Hospital Infection, in press.
5. Wilcox, M. H., Fawley, W. N., Settle, C. D. & Davidson, A. (1998). Recurrence of symptoms in Clostridium difficile infection-relapse or reinfection? Journal of Hospital Infection, 38, 93-100.
6. Teasley, D. G., Gerding, D. N., Olson, M. M., Peterson, L. R., Gebhard, R. L., Schwartz, M. J. et al. (1983). Prospective randomized trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea and colitis. Lancet ii, 1043-6.
7. Spencer, R. C. (1998). The role of antimicrobial agents in the aetiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 41, Suppl. C, 21-7.
8. Wilcox, M. H. & Howe, R. (1995). Diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile: response time for treatment with metronidazole and vancomycin. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 36, 673-9.
9. Fekety, R., Silva, J., Kauffman, C., Buggy, B., Gunner, H. & Deery, H. (1989). Treatment of antibiotic-associated Clostridium difficile colitis with oral vancomycin: comparison of two dosage regimens. American Journal of Medicine 86, 15-9.
10. Pelaez, T., Gijon, P., Martinez, L., Catalan, P., Rivera, M. L. & Bouza, E. (1997). Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in the AIDS era. In Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto. Abstract C28.
11. Wilcox, M. H., Cunniffe, J. G., Trundle, C. & Redpath, C. (1996). Financial burden of hospital-acquired Clostridum difficile infection. Journal of Hospital Infection 34, 23-30.
12. Bartlett, J. G. (1984). Treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 6, Suppl 1, S235-41.
13. Fekety, R., Silva, J., Buggy, B. & Deery, H. G. (1984). Treatment of antibiotic associated colitis with vancomycin. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 14, Suppl. D, 97-102.
14. Fekety, R., McFarland, L. V., Surawicz, C. M., Greenberg, R. N., Elmer, G. W. & Mulligan, M. E. (1997). Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea: characteristics of and risk factors for patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases 24, 324-33.
15. Johnson, S., Adelmann, A., Clabots, C. R., Peterson, L. R. & Gerding, D. N. (1989). Recurrences of Clostridium difficile diarrhea not caused by the original infecting organism. Journal of Infectious Diseases 159, 340-3.
16. O'Neill, G. L., Beaman, M. H. & Riley, T. V. (1991). Relapse versus reinfection with Clostridium difficile. Epidemiology and Infection 107, 627-35.
17. Schellenberg, D., Bonington, A., Champion, C. M., Lancaster, R., Webb, S. & Main, J. (1994). Treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea with brewer's yeast. Lancet 343, 171-2.
18. Tvede, M. & Rask-Madsen, J. (1989). Bacteriotherapy for chronic relapsing Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in six patients. Lancet i, 1156-60.
19. Tedesco, F. J., Gordon, D. & Fortson, W. C. (1985). Approach to patients with multiple relapses of antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis. American Journal of Gastroenterology 80, 867-8.
20. Buggy, B. P. (1993). Clostridium difficile colitis: causes, cures. Journal of the American Medical Association 269, 2088.
21. Novak, E., Lee, J. G., Seckman, C. E., Phillips, J. P. & Disanto, A. R. (1976). Unfavourable effect of atropine-diphenoxylate (Lomotil) therapy in lincosamycin-caused diarrhea. Journal of the American Medical Association 235, 1451-4.
22. Wallery, T. & Milson, D. (1990). Loperamide-related toxic megacolon on Clostridium difficile colitis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 66, 582.
23. Worsley, M. A. (1998). Infection control and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 41, Suppl. C, 59-66.
24. Borriello, S. P. (1990). Pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection of the gut. Journal of Medical Microbiology 33, 207-15.
25. Warny, M., Vaerman, J. P., Avesani, V. & Delmée, M. (1994). Human antibody response to Clostridium difficile toxin A in relation to clinical course of infection. Infection and Immunity 62, 384-9.
26. Bacon, A. E. & Fekety, R. (1994). Immunoglobulin G directed against toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile in the general population and patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 18, 205-9.
27. Young, G. P., Ward, P. B., Bayley, N., Gordon, D., Higgins, G., Trupani, J. A. et al. (1985). Antibiotic associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile: a double blind comparison of vancomycin with bacitracin. Gastroenterology 89, 1038-45.
28. Cronberg, S., Castor, B. & Thoren, A. (1984). Fusidic acid for the treatment of antibiotic associated colitis induced by Clostridium difficile. Infection 12, 276-9.
29. Wenisch, C., Parschalk, B., Hasenhundl, M., Hirschl, A. M. & Graninger, W. (1996). Comparison of vancomycin, teicoplanin, metronidazole, and fusidic acid for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clinical Infectious Diseases 22, 813-8.
30. Kreuutzer, E. W. & Milligan, F. D. (1978). Treatment of antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis with cholestyramine resin. John Hopkins Medical Journal 143, 67-72.
31. Taylor, N. S. & Bartlett, J. G. (1980). Binding of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin and vancomycin by anion exchange resins. Journal of Infectious Diseases 141, 92-7.
32. Gotz, V., Romankiewicz, J. A., Moss, J. & Murray, H. W. (1979). Prophylaxis against ampicillin-associated diarrhea with a lactobacillus preparation. American Journal of Hospital Medicine 36, 754-7.
33. Beck, C. & Necheles, H. (1961). Beneficial effects of the administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus in diarrheal and other intestinal disorders. American Journal of Gastroenterology 35, 522-30.
34. Settel, E. (1962). Lactobacillus acidophilus in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical Medicine 69, 700-4.
35. Gorbach, S. I., Chang, T. W. & Goldin, B. (1987). Successful treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG. Lancet ii, 1519.
36. Siitonen, S., Vapaatalo, H., Salminen, S., Gordin, A., Saxelin, M., Wikberg, R. et al. (1990). Effect of Lactobacillus GG yoghurt in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Annals of Medicine 22, 57-9.
37. Lewenstein, A., Frigerio, G. & Moroni, M. (1979). Biological properties of SF 68. A new approach for the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases. Current Therapy Research 26, 967-81.
38. Seal, D., Borriello, S. P., Barclay, F., Welch, A., Piper, M. & Bonnycastle, M. (1987). Treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile diarrhoea by administration of a non-toxigenic strain. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology 6, 51-3.
39. Ligny, G. (1975). Le traitement par l'ultra-levure des troubles intestinaux secondaires a I'antibiotherapie: etude en double aveugle et etude clinique simple. Revue Française de Gastroenterologie 114, 45-50.
40. Adam, J., Barret, A. & Barrett-Bellet, C. (1977). Essais cliniques controlés en double insu de l'ultra-levure lyophilisée. Etude multicentrique par 25 medecins de 388 cas. Gazette Medicale Française 84, 2072-8.
41. Cano, N., Chapoy, P. & Corthier, G. (1989). Saccharomyces boulardii: un traitement des colites pseudomembraneuses? Presse Medicale 18, 1299.
42. Surawicz, C. M., Elmer, G. M., Speelman, P., McFarland, L. V., Chinn, J. & VanBelle, G. (1989). Prevention of antibiotic-association diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 96, 981-8.
43. Buts, J.-P., Corthier, G. & Delmée, M. (1993). Saccharomyces boulardii for Clostridium difficile associated enteropathies in infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 16, 419-25.
44. McFarland, L. V. & Bernasconi, P. (1993). Saccharomyces boulardii: a review of an innovative biotherapeutic agent. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 6, 157-71.
45. McFarland, L. V., Surawicz, C. M., Greenberg, R. N., Fekety, R., Elmer, G. W., Moyer, K. A. et al. (1994). A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 271, 1913-8.
46. Bowden, T. A., Mansberger, A. L. & Lykins, L. E. (1981). Pseudomembranous enterocolitis: mechanism of restoring floral homeostasis. American Surgeon 47, 178-83.
47. Schwan, A., Sjolin, S., Trottestam, U. & Aronsson, B. (1984). Relapsing Clostridium difficile enterocolitis cured by rectal infusion of normal faeces. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 16, 211-5.
48. Tvede, M. & Rask-Madend, J. (1989). Bacteriotherapy for chronic relapsing Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in six patients. Lancet i, 1156-60.
49. McFarland, L. V. (1996). Saccharomyces boulardii is not Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Clinical Infectious Diseases 22, 200-1.
50. Rolfe, C. (1996). Biotherapy for antibiotic-associated and other diarrhoeas. Journal of Infection 32, 1-10.
51. Torres, J. F., Lyerly, D. M., Hill, J. E. & Monath, T. P. (1995). Evaluation of formalin-inactivated Clostridium difficile vaccines administered by parenteral and mucosal routes of immunization in hamsters. Infection and Immunity 63, 4619-27.
52. Ryan, E. T., Butterton, J. R., Smith, R. N., Carroll, P. A., Crean, T. I. & Calderwood, S. B. (1997). Protective immunity against Clostridium difficile toxin A induced by oral immunization with a live, attenuated Vibrio cholerae vector strain. Infection and Immunity 65, 2941-9.
53. Lyerly, D. M., Bostwick, E. F., Binion, S. B. & Wilkins, T. D. (1991). Passive immunisation of hamsters against disease caused by Clostridium difficile by use of a bovine immunoglobulin G concentrate. Infection and Immunity 59, 2215-8.
54. Kelly, C. P., Pothoulakis, C., Vavva, F., Castagliuolo, I., Bostwick, E. F., O'Keane, J. C. et al. (1996). Anti-Clostridium difficile bovine immunoglobulin concentrate inhibits cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity of C. difficile toxins. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, 373-9.
55. Kelly, C. P., Chetham, S., Keates, S., Bostwick, E. F., Roush, A. M., Castagliuolo, I. et al. (1997). Survival of anti-Clostridium difficile bovine immunoglobulin concentrate in the human gastrointestinal tract. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, 236-41.
56. Johnson, S., Homann, S. R., Bettin, K. M., Quick, J. N., Clabots, C. R., Peterson, L. R. et al. (1992). Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metronidazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 117, 297-302.