The unified medical language system: An informatics research collaboration

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-11

  Humphreys, Betsy L ^a   Lindberg, Donald A B ^a   Schoolman, Harold M ^a   Barnett, G Octo ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INFORMATION SCIENCE; LANGUAGE; MEDICAL INFORMATION; RESEARCH; REVIEW;

EID: 0031981002     PISSN: 10675027     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jamia.1998.0050001     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Lindberg, DAB, Humphreys BL, McCray AT. The Unified Medical Language System. Meth Inf Med. 1993;32:281-91.
2. Current descriptions, documentation, and information about obtaining the UMLS Knowledge Sources are available from NLM's Web site: www.nlm.nih.gov
3. For a comprehensive bibliography of papers published from 1986-96 on UMLS-related work, see Selden CR, Humphreys BL. Unified Medical Language System. Current Bibliographies in Medicine. 1997;8:96.
4. Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1986: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies of the House Committee on Appropriations, 99th Cong., 1st Sess. Part 4B, (857) (1985) (statement of Dr. Donald A. B. Lindberg, Director of the National Library of Medicine).
5. Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1986: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies of the House Committee on Appropriations, 99th Cong., 1st Sess. Part 4B, (896-7) (1985) (statement of Dr. Donald A. B. Lindberg, Director of the National Library of Medicine).
6. In addition to the first three authors, over the life of the project NLM's UMLS management team has included: *William T. Hole, MD, *Lawrence C. Kingsland, III PhD, Daniel R. Masys, MD, *Alexa T. McCray, PhD, *Stuart Nelson, MD, Roy Rada, MD, PhD, *R. P. C. Rodgers, MD, and Peri L. Schuyler, MLS. Those preceded by asterisks are current members of the team. Many other NLM staff members, particularly in the Library Operations Division's Medical Subject Headings Section and the Lister Hill Center's Cognitive Sciences and Computer Sciences Branches, have made substantial contributions to the development of the UMLS Knowledge Sources and lexical programs and to NLM's applications of these tools.
7. National Library of Medicine. Statement of Work. In: Request for Proposals for Research Support for the Unified Medical Language System. March 28, 1986.
8. Lowe HJ, Barnett GO. MicroMeSH: a microcomputer system for searching and exploring the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1987;717-20.
9. The institutions that have received one or competitive contracts for general UMLS research and development are: Brigham & Women's Hospital (Robert A. Greenes, MD, PhD, PI), Carnegie-Mellon University (David A. Evans, PhD, PI), Columbia University (James J. Cimino, MD, PI), Lexical Technology, Inc. (Mark S. Tuttle, PI), Massachusetts General Hospital (G. Octo Barnett, MD, PI), the University of California, San Francisco (Marsden S. Blois, MD, PhD, PI), the University of Pittsburgh (Randolph A. Miller, MD, PI), the University of Utah (Homer R. Warner, MD, PhD, PI), and Yale School of Medicine (Perry A. Miller, MD, PhD, PI). Lexical Technology, Inc., has also received a number of competitive contracts for research and development related to the construction of the UMLS Metathesaurus. Additional institutions that received one or more competitive purchase orders for specific UMLS applications are: American Lake Biomedical Research Institute (Kenric W. Hammond, MD, PI), Chicago Medical School (David Trace, MD, and Frank Naeymi-Rad, PhD, PIs), Harvard University (Elizabeth Wu, MLS, PI), Georgetown University Medical Center (Naomi Broering, MLS, PI), Johns Hopkins University (Edwin B. George, MD, PhD, and Kevin Johnson, MD, PIs), State University of New York, Buffalo (John Eisner, DDS, PI), University of Missouri, Columbia (E. Andrew Balas, MD, PhD, PI), University of Washington (Sherrilynne Fuller, PhD, and Debra Ketchell, MLS, PIs). The following institutions have done UMLS-related research under competitive contracts or cooperative agreement grants issued as part of NLM's High Performance Computing and Communications initiative: Beth Israel Hospital (Charles Safran, MD, PI), Columbia University (James J. Cimino, MD, PI), Indiana University (Clement J. McDonald, MD, PI), Kaiser Permanente (Simon Cohn, MD, MPH, PI), Mayo Foundation (Christopher G. Chute, MD, Dr PH), Oregon Health Sciences University (William R. Hersh, MD, PI), University of Pittsburgh (Henry J. Lowe, MD, PI). The University of Maryland, Baltimore (Gary Freiburger, MLS, PI) received an NLM information systems grant for UMLS-related work.
10. McCray AT, Hole WT. The scope and structure of the first version of the UMLS Semantic Network. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1990; 126-30.
11. Osheroff JA, Forsythe DE, Buchanan BG, Bankowitz RA, Blumenfeld BH, Miller RA. Physicians' information needs: analysis of questions posed during clinical teaching. Ann Intern Med. 1991;14:576-81.
12. Schuyler PL, McCray AT, Schoolman HM. A test collection for experimentation in bibliographic retrieval. Medinfo. 1989;6(Pt 2):910-2.
13. The Metathesaurus and Semantic Network were first issued in 1990, the Information Sources Map in 1991, and the SPECIALIST Lexicon, lexical programs, and indexes to the Metathesaurus in 1994. Each has been updated annually since its introduction.
14. Powsner SM, Miller PL. Automated online transition from the medical record to the psychiatric literature. Methods Inf Med. 1992;31:169-74.
15. Sherertz DD, Tuttle MS, Blois MS, Erlbaum MS. Intervocabulary mapping within the UMLS: the role of lexical processing. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1988; 201-6.
16. Cimino JJ, Barnett GO. Automated translation between medical terminologies using semantic definitions. MD Comput. 1990;7:104-9. Published erratum appears in MD Comput. 1990;7:268.
17. Masarie FE, Jr, Miller RA, Bouhaddou O, Giuse NB, Warner HR. An interlingua for electronic interchange of medical information: using frames to map between clinical vocabularies. Comput Biomed Res. 1991;24:379-400.
18. Barr CE, Komorowski HJ, Pattison-Gordon E, Greenes RA. Conceptual modeling for the Unified Medical Language System. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1988; 148-51.
19. Humphreys BL, McCray AT, Cheh ML. Evaluating the coverage of controlled health data terminologies: report on the results of the NLM/AHCPR Large Scale Vocabulary Test. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1997;4:483-97.
20. For a summary of current activities related to vocabulary see the report of the HIPAA Codes and Classifications Implementation Team at the following address: http://www.va.gov/meetings/hhs970709/007/Index.htm
21. Humphreys BL, Lindberg DAB. Building the Unified Medical Language System. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1989;475-80.
22. Tuttle MS, Sperzel WD, Olson NE, et al. The homogenization of the Metathesaurus schema and distribution format. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1992;299-303.
23. McCray AT, Srinivasan S, Browne AC. Lexical methods for managing variation in biomedical terminologies. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1994;235-9.
24. McCray AT, Razi AM, Bangalore AK, Browne AC, Stavri PZ. The UMLS knowledge source server: a versatile Internet-based research tool. Proc AMIA Fall Symp 1996;164-8.
25. Kingsland LC, 3d, Harbourt AM, Syed EJ, Schuyler PL. Coach: applying UMLS knowledge sources in an expert searcher environment. Bull Med Libr Assoc. 1993;81:178-83.
26. Lowe HJ, Lomax EC, Polonkey SE. The World Wide Web: a review of an emerging Internet-based technology for the distribution of biomedical information. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1996;3:9.
27. Information about DXplain may be obtained from the Laboratory of Computer Science, Massachusetts General Hospital, at the following address: http://www.lcs.mgh.harvard.edu
28. Hersh WR, Brown KE, Donohoe LC, Campbell EM, Horacek AE. Cliniweb: managing clinical information on the World Wide Web. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1996;3:273-80.
29. The Web address of Medical World Search is http:// www.mwsearch.com
30. Masys DR, Humphreys BL. Structure and function of the UMLS Information Sources Map. Medinfo. 1992;7:1518-21.
31. Miller PL, Wright LW, Frawley SJ, Clyman JL, Powsner SM. Selecting relevant information resources in a network-based environment: the UMLS Information Sources Map. Medinfo. 1992;7:1512-7.
32. Rodgers RPC. Automated retrieval from multiple disparate information sources: the World Wide Web and the NLM's Sourcerer project. J Am Soc Inf Sci. 1995;46:755-64.
33. McCray AT, Cheh ML, Bangalore AK, et al. Conducting the NLM/AHCPR Large Scale Vocabulary Test: a distributed Internet-based experiment. Proc AMIA Fall Symp. 1997; 560-4.
34. Evans DA, Cimino JJ, Hersh WR, Huff SM, Bell DS, for the Canon Group. Toward a medical concept representation language. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1994;1:207-17.
35. Hammond WE. Call for a standard clinical vocabulary. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1997;4:254-5.
36. Suarez-Munist ON, Tuttle MS, Olson NE, et al. MEME II supports the cooperative management of terminology. Proc AMIA Fall Symp. 1996;84-8.
37. Campbell KE, Cohn SP, Chute CG, Rennels G, Shortliffe EH. Galapagos: computer-based support for evolution of a convergent medical terminology. Proc AMIA Fall Symp. 1996; 269-73.
38. For a review article discussing work done by many research groups see Cimino JJ. Linking patient information systems to bibliographic resources. Meth Inform Med. 1996;35:122-6.