Immobilization of cadmium and zinc in soil by Al-montmorillonite and gravel sludge

European Journal of Soil Science

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 141-148

  Lothenbach, B ^a   Krebs, R ^b   Furrer, G ^a   Gupta, S K ^b   Schulin, R ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b Institut fur Umweltschutz und Landwirtschaft   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; CATION EXCHANGE; IMMOBILIZATION; MONTMORILLONITE; POLYMER; SLUDGE; SOIL; SORPTION; TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE; ZINC;

EID: 0031980113     PISSN: 13510754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00140.x     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Aten, C. & Gupta, S.K. 1996. On heavy metals in soil; rationalization of extractions by dilute salt solutions, comparison of the extracted concentrations with uptake by ryegrass and lettuce, and the possible influence of pyrophosphate on plant uptake. Science of the Total Environment, 178, 45-53.
2. Conner, J.R. 1994. Chemical stabilization of contaminated soils. In: Hazardous Waste Site Soil Remediation (eds D.J. Wilson & A.N. Clarke), pp. 81-170. Marcel Dekker, New York.
3. 2+ and subsequent solid solution formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 1477-1490.
4. Gupta, S.K., Vollmer, M.K. & Krebs, R. 1996. The importance of mobile, mobilisable and pseudo total heavy metal fractions in-soil for three-level risk assessment and risk management. Science of the Total Environment, 178, 11-20.
5. Harsh, J.B. & Doner, H.E. 1984. Specific adsorption of copper on an hydroxy-aluminum-montmorillonite complex. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48, 1034-1039.
6. Keizer, P. & Bruggenwert, M.G.M. 1991. Adsorption of heayy petals by clay-aluminum hydroxide complexes. In: Interactions at the Soil Colloid Soil Solution Interface (eds G.H. Bolt et al.), pp. 177-203. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht.
7. Krebs, R., Vollmer, M.K. & Gupta, S.K. 1995. Are binding agents adequate to remediate contaminated soil? In: Contaminated Soil '95 (eds W.J. van den Brink et al.), pp. 1269-1270. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
8. Lothenbach, B., Furrer, G. & Schulin, R. 1997. Adsorption of heavy metals by polynuclear aluminum and modified montmorillonite. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1452-1462.
9. MacNicol, R.D. & Beckett, P.H.T. 1985. Critical tissue concentrations of potentially toxic elements. Plant and Soil, 85, 107-129.
10. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London.
11. McBride, M.B. 1994. Environmental Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, New York.
12. Mench, M.J., Didier, V.L., Löffler, M., Gomez, A. & Masson, P. 1994. A mimicked in-situ remediation study of metal-contaminated soils with emphasis on cadmium and lead. Journal of Environmental Quality, 23, 58-63.
13. Palmer, D.A. & Wesolowski, D.J. 1992. Aluminum speciation and equilibria in aqueous solution: II. The solubility of gibbsite in acidic sodium chloride solutions from 30 to 70° C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 1093-1111.
14. Parker, D.R., Kinraide, T.B. & Zelazny, L.W. 1989. On the phytotoxicity of polynuclear hydroxy-aluminum complexes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 53, 789-796.
15. Schweizerischer Bundesrat 1986. Ordinance Relating to Pollutants in Soil. SR 814.12. Eidgenössische Drucksachen- und Materialzentrale, Bern.
16. Schweizerischer Bundesrat 1993. Botschaft zu einer Änderung des Bundesgesetzes über den Umweltschutz. SR 93.053. Eidgenössische Drucksachen- und Materialzentrale, Bern.
17. Smith, R.E. & Martell, A.E. 1976. Critical Stability Constants Volume 4: Inorganic Complexes. Plenum Press, New York.
18. Smith, R.E. & Martell, A.E. 1989. Critical Stability Constants, Volume 6, Second Supplement. Inorganic Complexes. Plenum Press, New York.
19. 2+ Uptake by calcite, solid-state diffusion, and the formation of Solid-solution: Interface processes observed with near surface sensitive techniques (XPS, LEED, and AES). Geochimica et Casmochimica Acta, 56, 1941-1954.
20. Van Bladel, R., Halen, H. & Cloos, P. 1993. Calcium-zinc and calcium-cadmium exchange in suspensions of various types of clays. Clay Minerals, 28, 33-38.
21. Vangronsveld, J., Van Assche, F. & Clijsters, H. 1995. Reclamation of a bare industrial area contaminated by non-ferrous metals: In situ metal immobilization and revegetation. Environmental Pollution, 87, 51-59.
22. Vollmer, M.K. & Gupta, S.K. 1995. Risk Assessment Plan for Contaminated Soils in Switzerland. Institute of Environmetal Protection and Agriculture, Liebefeld-Bern.
23. Westall, J.C. 1986. MICROQL I. A Chemical Equilibrium Program in Basic. Report 86-02, Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
24. Wood, J.M. 1988. Transport, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of metals and metalloids in microorganisms under environmental stress. In: Metal Speciation: Theory, Analysis and Application (eds J.R. Kramer & H.E. Allen), pp. 295-313. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
25. Wright, R.F., Lotse, E. & Semb, A. 1988. Reversibility of acidification shown by whole-catchment experiments. Nature, London, 334, 670-675.