Bone mass, lean mass, and fat mass: Same genes or same environments?

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 147, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-16

  Nguyen, T V ^a,b   Howard, G M ^a   Kelly, P J ^a   Eisman, J A ^a  

^a ST VINCENT S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b GARVAN INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Australia)

Author keywords

Body composition; Bone density; Models, genetic; Osteoporosis; Twin studies

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY FAT; BONE MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; GENETIC RISK; HUMAN; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TWINS;

EID: 0031973515     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009362     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Nguyen TV, Kelly PJ, Sambrook PN, et al. Lifestyle factors and bone density in the elderly: implications for osteoporosis prevention. J Bone Miner Res 1994;9:1339-46.
2. Hannan MT, Felson DT, Anderson JJ. Bone mineral density in elderly men and women: results from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 1992;7:547-53.
3. Edelstein SL, Barett-Connor E. Relation between body size and bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:160-9.
4. Jones G, Nguyen T, Sambrook P, et al. Progressive femoral neck bone loss in the elderly: longitudinal findings from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. BMJ 1994;309: 691-5.
5. Reid IR, Evans MC, Ames R, et al. The influence of osteophytes and aortic calcification on spinal mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72: 1372-4.
6. Reid IR, Ames R, Evans MC, et al. Determinant of total body and regional bone mineral density in normal postmenopausal women - a key role for fat mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:45-51.
7. Reid IR, Evans MC, Ames RW. Volumetric bone density of the lumbar spine is related to fat mass but not lean mass in normal postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1994;4: 362-7.
8. Lindsay R, Cosman F, Herrington BS, et al. Bone mass and body composition in normal women. J Bone Miner Res 1992; 7:55-63.
9. Compston JE, Bhambhani M, Laskey MA, et al. Body composition and bone mass in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1992;37:426-31.
10. Sundeep K, Atkinson EJ, Riggs BL, et al. Relationship between body composition and bone mass in women. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:857-63.
11. Silvey SD. Multicollinearity and imprecise estimation. J R Stat Soc (B) 1969;31:539-52.
12. Pocock N, Eisman J, Gwinn T, et al. Muscle strength, physical fitness and weight, but not age predict femoral neck bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 1989;4:441-8.
13. Smith DM, Nance WE, Rang KW, et al. Genetic factors in determining bone mass. J Clin Invest 1973;52:2800-8.
14. Flicker L, Hopper JL, Rogers L, et al. Bone mineral density determinants in elderly women: a twin study. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1607-13.
15. Young D, Hopper JL, Nowson CA, et al. Determinants of bone mass in 10 to 26 year old females: a twin study. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:558-67.
16. Seeman E, Hopper JL, Young NR, et al. Do genetic factors explain associations between muscle strength, lean mass, and bone density? A twin study. Am J Physiol 1996;270:E320-7.
17. Lykken DT. The diagnosis of zygosity in twins. Behav Genet 1978;8:437-73.
18. Mazess RB, Barden HS, Biske JP, et al. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for total body and regional bone mineral and soft tissue composition. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:1106-12.
19. Nguyen TV, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Source of variability in bone density: implication for study design and analysis. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:124-35.
20. Reid IR, Plank LD, Evans MC. Fat mass is an important determinant of total body bone density in premenopausal women but not in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75: 779-82.
21. Mazess RB, Pedersen P, Vetter J, et al. Bone densitometry of exercise vertebrae: anatomical relationships. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;48:380-6.
22. Myers RH. Classical and modern regression with applications. Boston: Duxbury Press, 1986:204-7.
23. Fabsitz R, Feinleib M, Hubert H. Regression analysis with correlated errors: an example from the NHLBI twin study. J Chronic Dis 1985;38:165-70.
24. Donner A, Eliasziw M. Methodology for inferences concerning familial correlations: a review. J Clin Epidemol 1991;44: 449-55.
25. Heath A, Neale M, Hewitt J, et al. Testing structural equation models for twin data using LISREL. Behav Genet 1989;19: 9-36.
26. Neale M, Cardon L. Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1992.
27. Joreskog KG, Sorbom D. LISREL VII: a guide to the program and applications. Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software, Inc, 1986.
28. Nguyen T, Sambrook P, Kelly P, et al. Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density. BMJ 1993;307:1111-15.
29. Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Johnton CC. Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in prospective studies. J Clin Invest 1987;81:1804-9.
30. Melton LJ III, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallen WM, et al. Long term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res 1993;8:1227-33,
31. Sowers MF, Kshirsagar RA, Crutchfield MM, et al. Joint influence of fat and lean composition compartments on femoral bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:257-65.
32. Bevier WC, Wiswell RA, Pyka G, et al. Relationship of body composition, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity to bone mineral density in older men and women. J Bone Miner Res 1989;4:421-32.
33. Salamone LM, Glynn N, Black D, et al. Body composition and bone mineral density in premenopausal and early perimenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1762-8.
34. Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Ma R, et al. To what extent is bone mass determined by fat-free mass or fat mass? Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1110-14.
35. Laskey MA, Lyttle KD, Flaxman ME, et al. The influence of tissue depth and composition on the performance of the Lunar dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer whole body scanning mode. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;46:39-45.
36. Walliser J, Nieves J, Cosman F, et al. Fat mass does not interfere with measurement of lumbar spine BMD by DXA in thin or obese subjects. (Abstract). J Bone Miner Res 1993; 8(suppl 1):S351.
37. Svendsen OL, Haarbo J, Hassager C, et al. Accuracy of measurements of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in vivo. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:605-8.
38. Haffner SM, Bauer RL. Excess androgenicity only partially explains the relationship between obesity and bone density in premenopausal women. Int J Obes 1992;16:869-74.
39. Allison DB, Neale MC, Heshka S, et al. Race effects in the genetics of adolescents' body mass index. Int J Obes 1994; 18:363-8.
40. Price RA, Cadoret RJ, Stunkard AJ, et al. Genetics contributions to human fatness: an adoption study. Am J Psychiatry 1987;144:1003-8.
41. Bouchard C. Current understanding of the etiology of obesity: genetic and non-genetic factors. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53: 1561S-5S.
42. Bouchard C. Genetics of obesity: an update on molecular markers. Int J Obes 1995;19:S10-13.
43. Morrison NA, Qi JC, Tokita A, et al. Prediction of bone density by vitamin D receptor alleles. Nature 1994;367: 284-7.
44. Eisman JA. Vitamin D receptor gene alleles and osteoporosis: an affirmative view. J Bone Miner Res 1995;9:1289-93.
45. Peacock M. Vitamin D receptor gene alleles and osteoporosis: a contrasting view. J Bone Miner Res 1995;9:1294-7.
46. Nuti R, Martini G, German C. Age-related changes of whole skeleton and body composition in healthy men. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57:336-9.
47. Kendler KS. Overview: a current perspective on twin studies of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:1413-25.
48. Christian JC, Norton JA, Sorbel J, et al. Comparison of analysis of variance and maximum likelihood based path analysis of twin data: partitioning genetic and environmental sources of covariance. Genet Epidemiol 1995;12:27-35.
49. Allison DB, Paultre F, Goran MI, et al. Statistical considerations regarding the use of ratios to adjust data. Int J Obes 1995;19:644-52.