Topographic context of glaciers and perennial snowfields, Glacier National Park, Montana

Geomorphology

Volumn 21, Issue 3-4, 1998, Pages 207-216

  Allen, Thomas R ^a  

^a OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Equilibrium line altitudes (ELA); Geomorphometry; Glacier National Park; Topoclimate

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ELA; GEOMORPHOMETRY; GLACIER MORPHOLOGY; SNOWFIELD; TOPOGRAPHY;

USA, MONTANA, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK;

EID: 0031971260     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0169-555x(97)00059-7     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Alden, W.C., 1914, Glaciers of Glacier National Park. National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
2. Allen, T.R., Walsh, S.J., 1993. Characterizing multitemporal alpine snowmelt patterns for ecological inferences. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 59 (10), 1521-1529.
3. Barry, R.G., 1990. Changes in mountain climate and glacio-hydrological responses. Mountain Res. Dev. 10 (2), 161-170.
4. Baumgartner, M.F., Apfl, G., 1994, Towards an integrated geographic analysis system with remote sensing, GIS and consecutive modelling for snow cover monitoring. Int. J. Remote Sensing 15 (7), 1507-1517.
5. Bayr, K.J., Hall, D.K., Kovalick, W.M., 1994. Observations on glaciers in the eastern Austrian alps using satellite data. Int. J. Remote Sensing 15, 1733-1742.
6. Bian, L., Walsh, S.J., 1993. Scale dependencies of vegetation and topography in a mountainous environment of Montana. Prof. Geographer 45, 1-11.
7. Brown, D.G., Walsh, S.J., 1993. Spatial autocorrelation in remotely-sensed and GIS data. Technical Papers Proceedings, ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention, New Orleans, pp. 31-39.
8. Butler, D.R., 1979. Snow avalanche path terrain and vegetation, Glacier National Park, Montana. Arctic Alpine Res. 11, 17-32.
9. Butler, D.R., 1989. Glacial hazards in Glacier National Park, Montana. Phys. Geogr. 10 (1), 53-71.
10. Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P., 1989. Periglacial patterned ground, Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Canada and USA. Zeitschr. Geomorphol. 33, 43-57.
11. Butler, D.R., Walsh, S.J., 1990. Lithologic, structural, and topographic influences on snow-avalanche path locations, eastern Glacier National Park, Montana. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geographers 80 (3), 362-378.
12. Carrara, P.E., 1990. Surficial Geologic Map of Glacier National Park, Montana. USGS Miscellaneous Investigations, Map I-1508-D, United States Department of the Interior.
13. Carrara, P.E., McGimsey, R.G., 1981. The late-neoglacial histories of the Agassiz and Jackson glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana. Arctic Alpine Res. 13, 183-196.
14. Carrara, P.E., McGimsey, R.G., 1988. Map Showing Distribution of Moraines and Extent of Glaciers from the mid-19th Century to 1979 in the Mount Jackson Area, Glacier National Park, Montana. USGS Miscellaneous Investigations, Map I-1508-C, United States Department of the Interior.
15. Dozier, J., 1989. Spectral signature of alpine snow cover from the Landsat thematic mapper. Remote Sensing Environm. 28, 9-22.
16. Dwyer, J.L., 1995. Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in East Greenland using Landsat data. J. Glaciol. 41 (139), 584-595.
17. Dyson, J.L., 1940. Recession of Glaciers in Glacier National Park, Montana. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 21st Annual Meeting, 1, pp. 508-510.
18. Dyson, J.L., 1941. Recent glacier recession in Glacier National Park. J. Geol. 49, 815-824.
19. Ebner, H., 1987. Digital terrain models for high mountains. Mountain Res. Dev. 7 (4), 353-356.
20. Finklin, A.I., 1986. A Climatic Handbook for Glacier National Park With Data for Waterton Lakes National Park. Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-204, 124 pp.
21. Franklin, S.E., 1987. Terrain analysis from digital patterns in geomorphometry and Landsat MSS spectral response. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 53 (1), 59-65.
22. Gellatly, A.F., Whalley, W.B., Gordon, J.E., 1986. Topographic control over recent glacier changes in southern Lyngen Peninsula, North Norway. Norsk Geograf. Tidsskr. 40, 211-218.
23. Hall, D.K., Bindschadler, R.A., Ormsby, J.P., Siddalingaiah, H., 1987. Characterization of snow and ice reflectance zones on glaciers using Landsat thematic mapper data. Ann. Glaciol. 9, 104-108.
24. Hall, D.K., Foster, J.L., Chien, J.Y.L., Riggs, G.A., 1995. Determination of actual snow-covered area using Landsat TM and digital elevation model data in Glacier National Park, Montana. Polar Record 31 (177), 191-198.
25. Johnson, A., 1980. Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana -A Record of Vanishing Ice. USGS Professional Paper 1180, United States Department of the Interior, 29 pp.
26. Lapen, D.R., Martz, L.W., 1993. The measurement of two simple topographic indices of wind sheltering/exposure from raster digital elevation models. Comput. Geosci. 19 (6), 769-779.
27. Leonard, E.M., 1984. Late Pleistocene equilibrium-line altitudes and modern snow accumulation patterns, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA. Arctic Alpine Res. 16(1), 65-76.
28. Locke, W.W., 1990. Late Pleistocene glaciers and climate of western Montana, USA. Arctic Alpine Res. 22 (1), 1-13.
29. Lucchitta, B.K., Mullins, K.F., Allison, A.L., Ferrigno, J.G., 1993. Antarctic glacier-tongue velocities from Landsat images: first results. Ann. Glaciol. 17, 356-366.
30. Meierding, T.C., 1982. Late Pleistocene equilibrium-line altitudes in the Colorado Front Range: a comparison of methods. Quaternary Res. 18, 289-310.
31. Meyer, P., Itten, K.I., Kellenberger, T., Sandmeier, S., Sandmeier, R., 1993. Radiometric corrections of topographically induced effects on Landsat TM data in an alpine environment. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sensing 48 (4), 17-28.
32. Murray, D.R., Locke, W.W., 1989. Dynamics of the late Pleistocene Big Timber glacier, Crazy Mountains, Montana, USA. J. Glaciol. 35 (120), 183-192.
33. Rentsch, H., Welsch, W., Heipke, C., Miller, M., 1990. Digital terrain models as a tool for glacier studies. J. Glaciol. 36 (124), 273-278.
34. SAS Institute, 1990. Statistical Applications Software, Cary, North Carolina.
35. Tarboton, D.G., Bras, R.L., Rodriguez-Iturbo, I., 1991. On the extraction of channel networks from digital elevation data. Hydrol. Processes 5, 81-100.
36. Torsnes, I., Rye, N., Nesje, A., 1993. Modem and little ice age equilibrium-line altitudes on outlet valley glaciers from Jostedalsbreen, western Norway: an evaluation of different approaches to their calculation. Arctic Alpine Res. 25 (2), 106-116.
37. Ventura, D., Rampini, A., Rabagliati, R., Barbero, R.S., 1987. Development of a satellite remote sensing technique for the study of alpine glaciers. Int. J. Remote Sensing 8 (2), 203-215.
38. Warren, C.R., 1991. Terminal environment, topographic control and fluctuations of West Greenland glaciers. Boreas 20, 1-15.
39. Whillans, I.M., Tseng, Y.-H., 1995. Automatic tracking of crevasses on satellite images. Cold Regions Sci. Technol. 23 (2), 201-214.
40. Williams, R.S., Hall, D.K., Benson, C.S., 1991. Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques. Ann. Glaciol. 37 (125), 120-128.