Clinical tumour markers in ovarian cancer

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 23-35

  Mazurek, A ^a   Niklinski J ^a   Laudanski T ^a   Pluygers, E ^b  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF BIALYSTOK   (Poland)

^b Hospital de Jolimont   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Histochemical markers; Molecular genetic markers; Ovarian cancer; Serological tumour markers

Indexed keywords

CA 125 ANTIGEN; CA 19-9 ANTIGEN; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; KI 67 ANTIGEN; PROTEIN BCL 2; TISSUE POLYPEPTIDE ANTIGEN; TUMOR ANTIGEN;

ANTIGEN DETECTION; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; CANCER GROWTH; GENETIC MARKER; HUMAN; ONCOGENE C ERB; ONCOGENE RAS; OVARY CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

CARCINOMA; CYSTADENOCARCINOMA, MUCINOUS; CYSTADENOCARCINOMA, PAPILLARY; FEMALE; GENETIC MARKERS; HUMANS; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; PROGNOSIS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 0031968739     PISSN: 09598278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. Bargmann CI, Hung MC, Weinberg RA (1986). The neu oncogene encodes an epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-related protein. Nature (London) 319: 226-30.
2. Barrentexea G, Martin-Mateos M, Barzazan MJ (1990). Serum CA125, CA15-3 and CA19-9 levels and surgical findings in patients undergoing second-look operation for ovarian carcinomas. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 11: 369-74.
3. Bast RC, Feeney M, Lazarus H et al (1981). Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest 68: 1331-7.
4. BEKI Diagnostic AB. TPS monoclonal assay for the M3 specific epitope of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). Fredsforsstigen 22, S-161, Bromma, Sweden.
5. Berchuck A, Kamel A, Whitaker R et al (1990). Overexpression of HER2/neu is associated with poor survival in advenced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 50: 4087-91.
6. Berchuck A (1995). Biomarkers in the ovary. J Cell Biochem 23(Suppl): 223-6.
7. Berek JS, Knapp RC, Malkasian GD (1986). CA125 serum levels correlated with second-look operations among ovarian cancer patients. Obstet Gynecol 67: 685-9.
8. Blumenfeld D, Braly PS, Ben-Ezra J, Klevecz RR (1987). Tumor DNA content as a prognostic feature in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 27: 389-98.
9. Bonfrer JMG, Groeneveld EM, Korse CM et al (1994). Monoclonal antibody M3 used in tissue polypeptide-specific antigen assay for the quantitation of tissue polypeptide antigen recognizes keratin 18. Tumor Biol 15: 210-22.
10. Bormer OP (1994). From TPA to specific cytokeratin assay (editorial). Tumor Biol 15: 185.
11. Braly PS, Klevecz RR (1993). Flowcytometric evaluation of ovarian cancer. Cancer 71: 1621-8.
12. Bruzzone M, Onetto M, Campora E et al (1990). CA125 monitoring in the management of ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res 10: 1353-9.
13. Casper S, van Nagell JR, Powell DF (1984). Immunohistochemical localisation of tumor markers in epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 149: 154-8.
14. Cruickshank DJ, Terry PB, Fullerton WT (1992). CA125-response assessment in epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 51: 58-61.
15. De Bruijn HWA, Ten-Hoor KA, Boonstra H et al (1993). Cancer associated antigen CA195 in patients with mucinous ovarian, tumours: a comparative analysis with CEA, TATI and CA125 in serum specimens and cyst fluids. Tumour Biol 14(2): 105-15.
16. Devine PL, McGuckin MA, Ramm LE et al (1993). Serum mucin antigens CASA and MSA in tumors of the breast, ovary, lung, pancreas, bladder, colon and prostate. A blind trial with 420 patients. Cancer 72: 2007-15.
17. Di Saia PT, Rich W (1978). The management of gynecologic malignancies. T Cortin Endue Obstet Gynecol 20: 13-32.
18. Diebold J, Baretton G, Felchner M et al (1996). bcl-2 expression, p53 accumulation, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 105: 341-9.
19. Eccles DM, Russell SEH, Haites NE et al (1992). Loss of heterozygosity on 17q in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 7: 2069-72.
20. Enomoto T, Inoue M. Perantoni AO et al (1990). K-ras activation in neoplasms of the human female reproductive tract. Cancer Res 50: 6139-45.
21. Fajac A, Benard J, Lhomme C et al (1995). C-erhB2 gene amplification and protein expression in ovarian epithelial tumors: evaluation of their respective prognostic significance by multivariate analysis. Int J Cancer (Pred Oncol) 64: 146-51.
22. Feig LA, Bast CR Jr, Knapp RC, Cooper GM (1984). Somatic activation of ras-K gene in a human ovarian carcinoma. Science 223: 698-701.
23. Fioretti P, Gadducci A, Ferdeghini M (1986). Combined evaluation of some tumor associated antigens in the monitoring of integrated surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 7: 200-5.
24. Fioretti P, Gadducci A, Ferdeghini M et al (1992). Concomitant determination of different serum tumor markers in epithelial ovarian cancer: relevance for monitoring the response to chemotherapy and follow-up of patients. Gynecol Oncol 44: 155-60.
25. Fisken J, Leonard RCF, Badley A et al (1991). Serological monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer. Dis Markers 9: 175-90.
26. Fletcher RH (1986). Carcicinoembryonic antigen. Ann Intern Med 104: 66-73.
27. Friedlander ML, Hedley DW, Taylor IW et al (1984). Influence of cellular DNA content on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 44: 397-400.
28. Friedlander ML, Hedley DW, Swanson C, Russell P (1988). Prediction of long term survival by flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 6: 282-90.
29. Gadducci A, Ferdeghini M, Ceccarini T (1990). A comparative evaluation of serum CA125, CA19-9, CA15-3, CA50, CA72-4 and TATI assays in reflecting the course of disease in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Eur J Gynaec Oncol 11: 127-33.
30. Gaducci A, Ferdeghini M, Rispoli G et al (1991). Comparison of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) with CA125 as a marker for diagnosis and monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 51(Suppl 207): 19-24.
31. Gadducci A, Ferdeghini M, Prontera C et al (1992). The concomitant determination of different tumor markers in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and benign ovarian masses: relevance for differential diagnosis. Gynecol Oncol 44: 147-54.
32. Garzetti GG, Ciavattini A, Goteri G (1995). Ki 67 antigen immunostaining (MIB 1 monoclonal antibody) in serous ovarian tumors: index of proliferative activity with prognostic significance. Gynecol Oncol 56: 169-74.
33. Gotlieb WH, Berek JS (1994). Advences in the biology of gynecologic cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 6: 513-8.
34. Haas M, Isakov J, Howell SB (1987). Evidence against ras activation in human ovarian carcinomas. Mol Biol Med 4: 265-75.
35. Haldane JS, Hird V, Hughes CM, Gullick WJ (1990). C-erbB2 oncogene expression in ovarian cancer. J Pathol 162: 213-37.
36. Halila H, Lehtovirta P, Stenman UH (1988). Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 57: 304-7.
37. Harlozinska A, Bar JK, Sedlaczek P, Gerber J (1996). Expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 reactivity in ocarian neoplasms. Correlation with histopathology. Am J Clin Pathol 105: 334-40.
38. Hartmann LC, Podratz KC, Keeney GL et al (1994). Prognostic significance of p53 immunostaining in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 12: 64-9.
39. Hasholzner U, Baumgartner L, Stieber P et al (1994). Significance of the tumour markers CA 125 II, CA 72-4, CASA and CYFRA 21-1 in ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res 14: 2743-6.
40. Henriksen R, Wilander E, Oberg K (1995). Expression and prognostic significance of Bcl-2 in ovarian tumours. Br J Cancer 72: 1324-9.
41. Herod JJ, Eliopoulos AG, Warwick J et al (1996). The prognostic significance of bcl-2 and p53 expression in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 56: 2178-84.
42. Hezlyn M, Sears HF, Steplewski Z, Koprowski H (1982). Monoclonal antibody detection of a circulating tumorassociated antigen. I. Presence of antigen in sera of patients with colorectal, gastric and pancreatic carcinoma. J Clin Immunol 2: 135-40.
43. Hording U, Toftager-Larsen K, Dreisler A et al (1990). CA 125, placental alkaline phosphatase, and tissue polypeptide antigen in the monitoring of ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Obstet Invest 30: 178-83.
44. Hording U, Toftager-Larsen K, Lund B et al (1994). The value of CA125 measurement before second-look laparotomy in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 15: 217-21.
45. Huettner PC, Weinberg DS, Lage JM (1992). Assessment of proliferative activity in ovarian neoplasms by flow and static cytometry. Am J Pathol 141: 699-706.
46. Inaba N, Negishi Y, Fucasawa I et al (1995). Cytokeratin fragment 21-1 in gynecologic malignancy: comparison with cancer antigen 125 and squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen. Tumor Biol 16: 345-52.
47. Inoue M, Inoue Y, Hiramatsu K, Ueda G (1985). The clinical value of tissue polypeptide antigen in patients with gynecologic tumors. Cancer 55: 2618-23.
48. Isola J, Kallioniemi OP, Korte JM et al (1990). Steroid receptor and Ki-67 reactivity in ovarian cancer and in normal ovary: correlation with DNA flow cytometry, biochemical receptor assay, and patient survival. J Pathol 162: 295-301.
49. Ito K, Udagawa Y, Sasaki H, Nozawa S (1993). Clinical usefulness and biochemical, immunochistochemical features of a new ovarian tumor marker, CA54/61-comparison with those of CA72.4 and STN. Cancer Detect Prev 17(1): 185 (Abstract).
50. Iversen OE (1988). Prognostic value of the flow cytometric DNA index in human ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 61: 971-5.
51. Jacobs I, Bast QC (1989). The CA125 tumour associated antigen: a review of the literature. Human Reprod 4: 1-12.
52. Jacobson MD, Burne JF, King MP et al (1993). Bcl-2 blocks apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Nature 361: 365-9.
53. Karlan BY, Amin W, Casper SE, Littlefield BA (1988). Hormonal regulation of CA125 tumor marker expression in human ovarian carcinoma cells: inhibition by glucocorticosteroids. Cancer Res 48: 3502-6.
54. Katsoulis M, Lekka J, Vachonikolis I, Dalides GS (1995). The prognostic value of morphometry in advanced epithelial ovarian cancers. Br J Cancer 72: 958-63.
55. Kauppila A, Puistola U, Risteli T, Risteli L (1989). Amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen: a new prognosis indicator in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 49: 1885-9.
56. Kerr JF, Winterford CM, Harmon BV (1993). Apoptosis. Its significance in cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer 73: 2013-26.
57. Khoo SK, Mackay EV (1976). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in ovarian cancer: factors influencing its incidence and changes which occur in response to cytotoxic drugs. Br J Obstet Gvnaecol 83: 753-9.
58. Khoo SK, Whitaker S, Jones I, Mackay EV (1979). Predictive value of serial Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in long-term follow-up of ovarian cancer. Cancer 43: 2471-8.
59. Kierkegaard O, Mogensen O, Mogensen B, Jakobsen A (1995). Gynecol-Oncol 59(2): 251-4.
60. Kigawa J, Minagawa Y, Ishiharah H, Kanamori Y, Terakawa N (1993). Tumor DNA ploidy and prognosis of patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Cancer 72: 804-8.
61. Kiyokawa T (1994). Alteration of p53 in ovarian cancer: its occurence and maintenance in tumour progression. Int J Gynaecol Pathol 13: 311-8.
62. Klemi PJ, Joensuu H, Kiilholma P, Maenpaa J (1988). Clinical significance of abnormal nuclear DNA content in serous ovarian tumors. Cancer 62: 2005-10.
63. Klemi PJ, Pylkkanen L, Kiilholma P, Kurvinen K, Joensuu H (1995). p53 protein detected by immunohistochemistry as a prognostic factor in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 76: 1201-8.
64. Knauf S (1988). Clinical evaluation of ovarian tumor antigen NB/70K: monoclonal antibody assays for distinguishing ovarian cancer from other gynecologic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158: 1067-72.
65. Kohler MF, Kerns BJ, Humphrey PA et al (1993). Mutation and overexpression of p53 in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 81: 643-50.
66. Koprowski H, Steplewski Z, Mitchell K, Herlyn M, Furher JP (1979). Colorectal carcinoma antigens detected by hybridoma antibodies. Somat Cell Genet 5: 957-72.
67. Kupryjanczyk J, Thor AD, Beauchamp R et al (1993). p53 gene mutations and protein accumulation in human ovarian cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 4961-5.
68. Larbre H, Deltour M, Marechal F, Deltour G (1990). Comparison of a new tumor marker, TATI, to other tumor markers in various cancers. J Tumor Marker Oncol 5: 305-11.
69. Levesque MA, Katsaros D, Yu H et al (1995). Mutant p53 protein overexpression is associated with poor outcome in patients with well or moderately dofferentiated ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 75: 1327-38.
70. Luning B, Nilsson U (1983). Sequence homology between tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Acta Chem Scand Ser 37: 731-3.
71. Maggino T, Sopracordevole F, Matarese M, di Pasquale C, Tambuscio C (1987). CA125 serum level in the diagnosis of pelvic masses: comparison with other methods. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 8: 590-5.
72. Malkasian GD, Knapp RC, Lavin PT et al (1988). Preoperative evaluation of serum CA125 levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with pelvic masses: discrimination of benign from malignant disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159: 341-6.
73. Mann WJ, Patsner B, Cohen H, Loesch M (1988). Preoperative serum CA125 levels in patients with surgical stage I invasive ovarian adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 80: 208-9.
74. Markowska J, Kojczynski Z, Szewierski Z, Manys G (1990). CA125 in monitoring chemotherapy of the patients with ovarian cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 11: 209-14.
75. Marks JR, Davidoff AM, Kerns BJ et al (1991). Overexpression and mutation of p53 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 51: 2979-84.
76. McGuckin MA, Layton GT, Bailey MJ et al (1990). Evaluation of two new assays for tumor-associated antigens, CASA and OSA, found in the serum of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma - comparison with CA125. Gynecol Oncol 37: 165-71.
77. McGuckin MA, Ramm LE, Joy GJ, Free KE, Ward BG (1992). Preoperative discrimination between ovarian carcinoma, non-ovarian gynecological malignancy and benign adnexal masses using serum levels of CA125 and the polymorphic epithelial mucin antigens CASA, OSA and MSA. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2: 119-28.
78. Metoki R, Kakudo K, Tsuji Y et al (1989). Deletion of histo-blood group A and B antigens and expression of incompatible A antigen in ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 1151-7.
79. Milner BJ, Allan LA, Eccles DM et al (1993). p53 mutation is a common genetic event in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 53: 2128-32.
80. Mogensen O, Mogensen B, Jakobsen A (1989a). CA125 in the diagnosis of pelvic masses. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25: 1187-90.
81. Mogensen O, Mogensen B, Jakobsen A, Sell A (1989b). Preoperative measurement of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Acta Oncol 28: 471-3.
82. Mogensen O, Mogensen B, Jakobsen A (1990a). Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor and cancer antigen 125 in pelvis masses. Gynecol Oncol 38: 170-4.
83. Mogensen O, Mogensen B, Jakobsen A (1990b). Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in mucinous ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 61: 327-9.
84. Mogensen O (1992). Prognostic value of CA125 in advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 44: 207-12.
85. Mok SCH, Bell DA, Knapp RC et al (1993). Mutation of Ki-ras protooncogene in human ovarian epithelial tumors of borderline malignancy. Cancer Res 53: 1489-92.
86. Murray K, Hopwood L, Volk D, Wilson JF (1989). Cytofluorometric analysis of the DNA content in ovarian carcinoma and its relationship to patient survival. Cancer 63: 2456-60.
87. Muto MG, Cramer DW, Tangir T, Berkowitz R, Mok S (1996). Frequency of the BRCA1 185 del AG mutation among Jewish women with ovarian cancer and matched population controls. Cancer Res 56: 1250-2.
88. Nagele F, Petru E, Medl M, et al. (1995). Preoperative CA125: an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 86: 256-64.
89. Negishi Y, Furukawa T, Oka T et al (1987). Clinical use of CA125 and its combination assay with other tumor markers in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Obstet Invest 23: 200-7.
90. Niklinski J, Furman M (1995). Clinical tumour markers in lung cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 4: 129-38.
91. Nozawa S, Yajima M, Kojima K et al (1989). Tumor-associated mucin-type glycoprotein (CA54/61) defined by two monoclonal natibodies (MA54 and MA 61) in ovarian cancers. Cancer Res 49: 493-8.
92. Okamoto A, Sameshima Y, Yokoyama S et al (1991). Frequent allelic losses and mutations of the p53 gene in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 51: 5171-6.
93. Onetto M, Bruzzone M, Conte PF et al (1989). Evaluation of the ovarian cancer antigen, CA-125, as a tumor marker. Oncology 46: 117-22.
94. Owens OJ, Stewart C, Brown I, Leake RE (1991). Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in human ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 64: 907-10.
95. Panici PB, Scambia G, Baiocchi G, Iacobelli S, Mancuso S (1989). Predictive value of multiple tumor marker assays in second-look procedures for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 35: 286-9.
96. Panza N, Pacilio G, Campanella L et al (1988). Cancer antigen 125, tissue polypeptide antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and beta-chain human chorionic gonadotropin as serum markers of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 61: 76-83.
97. Patsner B, Mann WJ (1988). The value of preoperative serum CA125 levels in patients with a pelvic mass. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159: 873-6.
98. Patsner B, Orr JW, Mann WJ et al (1990). Does serum CA125 levels prior to second-look laparotomy for invasive ovarian adenocarcinoma predict size of residual disease? Gynecol Oncol 37: 319-22.
99. Paulick R, Caffier H, Horner G, Land K, Filby E (1985). Clinical significance of different serum tumor markers in gynecological malignancies. Cancer Detect Prev 8: 115-20.
100. Pittaway DE, Fayez TA, Douglas TW (1987). Serum CA125 in the evaluation on benign adnexal cysts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 157: 1426-8.
101. Pluygers E, Beaudvin M, Baldewyns P (1986). Use of monoclonal antibodies to tumour markers in the screening for cancer. J Tumour Marker Oncol 1: 111-6.
102. Quinn CM, Wright NA (1992). The usefulness of clinical measurements of cell proliferation in gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Pathol 11: 131-43.
103. Renninson J, Baker BW, McGown AT et al (1994). Immunohistochemical detection of mutant p53 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer using polyclonal antibody CMI: correlation with histopathology and clinical features. Br J Cancer 69: 609-12.
104. Rodenburg CJ, Cornelisse CJ, Heintz PA, Hermans J, Fleuren GJ (1987a). Tumor ploidy as a major prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer 59: 317-23.
105. Rodenburg CJ, Ploem-Zaaijer JJ, Cornelisse CJ (1987b). Use of DNA image cytometry in addition to flow cytometry for the study of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 47: 3938-41.
106. Rodenburg CJ, Cornelisse CJ, Hermans J, Fleuren GJ (1988). DNA flow cytometry and morphometry as prognostic indicators in advanced ovarian cancer: a step forward in predicting the clinical outcome. Gynecol Oncol 29: 176-87.
107. Rubin SC, Finstad CL, Wong GY (1993). Prognostic significance of HER2/neu expression in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a multivariate analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168: 162-9.
108. Rubin SC, Finstad CL, Federici MG et al (1994). Prevalence and significance of HER2/neu expression in early epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 73: 1456-9.
109. Salman T, el-Ahmady O, Sawsan MR, Nahed MH (1995). The clinical value of TPS in gynecological malignancies. Int J Biol Markers 10: 81-6.
110. Scambia G, Panici PB, Battaglia F et al (1992). Significance of epidermal growth factor receptor in advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 10: 529-35.
111. Scambia G, Catozzi L, Panici PB et al (1993). Expression of ras oncogene p21 protein in normal and preneoplastic ovarian tissues: correlation with histopathologic features and receptors for oestrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168: 71-8.
112. Schueler JA, Trimbos JB, Burg MVD et al (1996). DNA index reflects the biological behavior of ovarian carcinoma stage I-IIa. Gynecol Oncol 62: 59-66.
113. Sheridan E, Hancock BW, Goyns MH (1993). High incidence of mutations of the p53 gene detected in ovarian tumors by the use of chemical mismatch cleavage. Cancer Lett 68: 83-9.
114. Sheridan E, Silcocks P, Smith J, Hancock BW, Goyns M (1994). p53 mutations in a series of epithelial ovarian cancers from the UK and its prognostic significance. Eur J Cancer 30A: 1701-4.
115. Silvestrini R, Daidone MG, Bolis G et al (1989). Cell kinetics: a prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 35: 15-9.
116. Singleton TP, Perrone T, Oakley G et al (1994). Activation of C-erbB-2 and prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 73: 1460-6.
117. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA et al (1989). Studies of the HER2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 244: 707-12.
118. Sliutz G, Tempfer C, Kainz CH et al (1995). Tissue polypeptide specific antigen and cancer associated serum antigen in the following up of ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res 15: 1127-9.
119. Stenman UH, Huhtala ML, Koistinen R, Seppala M (1982). Immunochemical demonstration of an ovarian associated urinary peptide. Int J Cancer 30: 53-7.
120. Sturm G, Schmidt-Rhode P, Valet A, Chari S (1989). CA72.4 as a valuable complement to CA12.5 as a tumor marker in screening ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Det Prev 14(1): 96 (Abstract).
121. Taccone W, Mazzon W, Belli M (1991). Evaluation of TATI and other markers in solid tumors. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 51(Suppl 207): 25-32.
122. Takahashi K, Yamane Y, Kijima S et al (1987). CA125 Antigen is an effective diagnostic for external endometriosis. Gyecologic Obstetric Invest 23: 257-60.
123. Teneriello MG, Ebina M, Linnoila RI et al (1993). p53 and Ki-ras gene mutations in epithelial ovarian neoplasms. Cancer Res 53: 3103-8.
124. Tholander B, Taube A, Lindgren A et al (1990a). Pretreatment serum levels of CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, and placental alkaline phosphatase in patients with ovarian carcinoma, borderline tumours or benign adnexal masses: relevance for differential diagnosis. Gynecol Oncol 39: 16-25.
125. Tholander B, Taube A, Lindgren A (1990b). Pretreatment serum levels of CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, and placental alkaline phosphatase in patients with ovarian carcinoma: influence of histological type, grade of differentiation, and clinical stage of disease. Gynecol Oncol 39: 26-33.
126. Toftager-Larsen K, Hording U, Dreisler A et al (1992). CA125, placental alkaline phosphatase and tissue polypeptide antigen as preoperative serum markers in ovarian carcinoma. AU; Gynecol-Obstet-Invest 33(3): 177-82 (Abstract).
127. Torre GC, Rembado R, Barbetti V et al (1991). Serum levels of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in benign and malignant gynecological diseases. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 51(Suppl 207): 15-8.
128. Udagawa Y, Ito K, Sasaki H, Nozawa S (1993). Clinical usefulness of combined use of two new tumor markers, CA602 and CA54/61, for detection of ovarian cancer. Cancer Def Prev 17(1): 185 (Abstract).
129. van Nagell JR, Donaldson ES, Gay EC et al (1978). Carcinoembryonic antigen in ovarian epithelial cystoadenocarcinomas. Cancer 41: 2335-40.
130. Vasilev SA, Schlaerth JB, Campeau J, Morrow P (1988). Serum CA125 levels in preoperative evaluation of pelvic masses. Obstet Gynecol 71: 751-6.
131. Vergote IB, Abeler VM, Bormer OP et al (1992). CA125 and placental alkaline phosphatase as serum tumor marker in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Tumor Biol 13: 168-74.
132. Vergote IB, Kaern J, Abeler VM, Pettersen EO, De Vos LN, Trope CG (1993). Analysis of prognostic factors in stage I epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Importance of degree of differentiation and deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy in predicting relapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 169: 40-52.
133. Ward BG, McGuckin MA, Ramm LE et al (1993). The management of ovarian carcinoma is improved by the use of cancer-associated serum antigen and CA125 assay. Cancer 71: 430-8.
134. Weber K, Osborn M, Hall R, Wiklund B, Luning B (1984). Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) is related to non-epidermal keratins 8, 18 and 19, typical of simple and non-squamous epithelia. Re-evaluation of a tumor marker. EMBO J 3: 2707-14.
135. Welshinger M, Finstad CL, Venkatraman E et al (1996). Expression of A, B, and H blood group antigens in epithelial ovarian cancer: relationship to tumor grade and patient survival. Gynecol Oncol 62: 106-12.
136. Xing PX, Tjandra JJ, Stacker SA et al (1989). Monoclonal antibodies reactive with mucin in breast cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 67: 183-95.
137. Yaginuma Y, Yamashita K, Kuzumaki N, Fujita M, Shimizu T (1992). Ras oncogene product p21 expression and prognosis of human ovarian tumors. Gynaecol Oncol 46: 45-50.
138. Zeimet A, Natoli C, Herold M et al (1996). Circulating immunostimulatory protein 90K and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in human ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 68:34-8.
139. Zetterberg A, Skern T, Schoberl E, Bergman T, Jornvall H (1995). Molecular characterisation of TPS (Abstract 322). Tumor Biol 16: 334.