Urea production and transport in teleost fishes

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology

Volumn 119, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 47-54

  Wright, Patricia A ^a   Land, Michelle D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Alevin; Ammonia; Ammonia detoxification; Embryo; Enzymes; Facilitated urea transporter; Nitrogen excretion; Ornithine urea cycle; Urea permeability; Uricolysis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DETOXIFICATION; ELASMOBRANCHII; ENZYME SYNTHESIS; NITROGEN URINE LEVEL; PH; TELEOST; TROUT; UREA CYCLE;

TILAPIA;

EID: 0031966770     PISSN: 10956433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1095-6433(97)00407-8     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Anderson P.M. A glutamine- and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity in the teleost Micropterus salmoides. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 54B:1976;261-263.
2. Anderson P.M. Glutamine- and N-acetylglutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in elasmobranchs. Science. 208:1980;291-293.
3. Anderson P.M. Purification and properties of the glutamine- and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from the liver of Squalus acanthias. J. Biol. Chem. 256:1981;12228-12238.
4. Anderson P.M. Urea cycle in fish. Molecular and mirochondrial studies Wood C.M., Shuttleworth T.J. Cellular and Molecular Approaches to Fish Ionic Regulation. Fish Physiology, Vol. 14. 1995;57-83 Academic Press, New York.
5. Anderson P.M. Molecular aspects of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis. Walsh P.J., Wright P.A. Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion. 1995;33-50 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
6. Anderson P.M., Casey C.A. Glutamine-dependent synthesis of citrulline by isolated hepatic mitochondria from Squalus acanthias. J. Biol. Chem. 259:1984;456-462.
7. Arillo A., Margiocco C., Melodia F., Mensi P., Schenone G. Ammonia toxicity mechanism in fish. Studies on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.) Eco. Env. Safety. 5:1981;316-328.
8. Brown G.W. Jr., James J., Henderson R.J., Thomas W.N., Robinson R.O., Thompson A.L., Brown E., Brown S.G. Uricolytic enzymes in liver of the Dipnoan Protopterus aethiopicus. Science. 153:1966;1653-1654.
9. Campbell J.W. Excretory nitrogen metabolism. Prosser C.L. Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology. 4:1991;277-324 Wiley Liss, New York.
10. Campbell J.W., Anderson P.M. Evolution of mitochondrial enzyme systems in fish. The mitochondrial synthesis of glutamine and citrulline Hochachka P.W., Mommsen T.P. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, Vol. 1. 1991;43-76 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
11. Cao X., Kemp J.R., Anderson P.M. Subcellular localization of two glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetases and related enzymes in liver of Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and properties of isolated liver mitochondria. Comparative relationships with elasmobranchs J. Exp. Zool. 258:1991;24-33.
12. Casey C.A., Anderson P.M. Subcellular location of glutamine synthetase and urea cycle enzymes in liver of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). J. Biol. Chem. 257:1982;8449-8453.
13. Chiu Y.N., Austic R.E., Rumsey G.L. Urea cycle activity and arginine formation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Nutr. 116:1986;1640-1650.
14. Cvancara V.A. Comparative studies of liver uricase activity in fresh-water teleosts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 28:1969;725-732.
15. Cvancara V.A. Studies on tissue arginase and ureogenesis in freshwater teleosts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 30:1969;489-496.
16. Cvancara V.A. Liver carbamyl phosphate synthetase in the primitive freshwater bony fishes (Chondrostei, Holostei). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 49B:1974;785-787.
17. Danulat E., Kempe S. Nitrogenous waste excretion and accumulation of urea and ammonia in Chalcalburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae), endemic to the extremely alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Turkey). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 9:1992;377-386.
18. Dépêche J., Gilles R., Daufresne S., Chiapello H. Urea content and urea production via the ornithine-urea cycle pathway during the ontogenic development of two teleost fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 63A:1979;51-56.
19. Evans D.E. CAD, a chimeric protein that initiates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in higher eukaryotes. Hardie D.G. Multidomain Proteins - Structure and Function. 1986;283-331 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
20. Goldstein L., Forster R.P. The role of uricolysis in the production of urea by fishes and other aquatic vertebrates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 14:1965;567-576.
21. Griffith R.W. Guppies, toadfish, lungfish, coelacanths, and frogs. A scenario for the evolution of urea retention in fishes Env. Biol. Fishes. 32:1991;199-218.
22. Hayashi S., Fujiwara S., Noguchi T. Degradation of uric acid in fish liver peroxisomes. J. Biol. Chem. 264:1989;3211-3215.
23. Hays R.M., Levine S.D., Myers J.D., Heinemann H.O., Kaplan M.A., Frank N., Berliner H. Urea transport in the dogfish kidney. J. Exp. Zool. 199:1977;309-316.
24. Hediger M.A. Structure, function and evolution of solute transporters in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. J. Exp. Biol. 196:1994;15-49.
25. Hong J., Salo W.L., Anderson P.M. Nucleotide sequence and tissue-specific expression of the multifunctional protein carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase (CAD) mRNA in Squalus acanthias. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;14130-14139.
26. Huggins A.K., Skutsch G., Baldwin E. Ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in teleostean fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 25:1969;587-602.
27. Isaia J. Effects of environmental salinity on branchial permeability of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. J. Physiol. 326:1982;297-307.
28. Iwata K. Nitrogen metabolism in the mudskipper Periophthalmus cantonsis. Changes in free amino acids and related compounds in various tissues under conditions of ammonia loading with special reference to its high ammonia tolerance Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 91A:1988;499-508.
29. Jenkinson C.P., Grody W.W., Cederbaum S.D. Comparative properties of arginases. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 114B:1996;107-132.
30. Jones M.E. Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in animals. Genes, enzymes and regulation of UMP biosynthesis Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49:1980;253-280.
31. Kaplan M.A., Hays L., Hays R.M. Evolution of a facilitated diffusion pathway for amides in the erythrocyte. Am. J. Physiol. 226:1974;1327-1333.
32. Kirschner L.B. The energetics of osmotic regulation in ureotelic and hypoosmotic fishes. J. Exp. Zool. 267:1993;19-26.
33. Knepper M.A. Facilitated transport of urea in the renal inner medullary collecting duct. Berliner R.W.et al. Frontiers of Nephrology. 1990;237-246 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
34. Knepper M.A., Chou C.-L. Urea and ammonia transport in the mammalian kidney. Walsh P.J., Wright P.A. Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion. 1995;205-228 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
35. Korsgaard B., Mommsen T.P., Wright P.A. Adaptive relationships to environment, ontogenesis, and viviparity. Walsh P.J., Wright P.A. Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion. 1995;259-288 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
36. Korte J.J., Salo W.L., Cabrera V.M., Wright P.A., Felskie A.K., Anderson P.M. Expression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase III mRNA during the early life stages of development and in muscle of adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;6270-6277.
37. Levi G., Morisi G., Coletti A., Catanzaro R. Free amino acids in fish brain. Normal levels and changes upon exposure to high ammonia concentrations in vivo, and upon incubation of brain slices Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 49A:1974;623-636.
38. Lumsden J.S., Wright P.A., Derksen J., Byrne P.J., Ferguson H.W. Paralysis in farmed Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) associated with ammonia toxicity. Vet. Rec. 133:1993;422-423.
39. Maina J.N., Wood C.M., Hogstrand C., Hopkins T.E., Walsh P.J. Structure and function of the axillary organ of the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 119A:1998;17-25.
40. McGeer J.C., Wright P.A., Wood C.M., Wilkie M.P., Mazur C.F., Iwama G.K. Nitrogen excretion in four species of fish from an alkaline lake. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 123:1994;824-829.
41. Meijer A. Urea synthesis in mammals. Walsh P.J., Wright P.A. Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion. 1995;193-204 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
42. Mommsen T.P., Walsh P.J. Evolution of urea synthesis in vertebrates. The piscine connection Science. 243:1989;72-75.
43. Mommsen T.P., Walsh P.J. Urea synthesis in fishes. Evolutionary and biochemical perspectives Hochachka P.W., Mommsen T.P. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, Vol. 1. 1991;137-163 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
44. Mommsen T.P., Walsh P.J. Biochemical and environmental perspectives on nitrogen metabolism in fishes. Experientia. 48:1992;583-593.
45. Olson K.R., Fromm P.O. Excretion of urea by two teleosts exposed to different concentrations of ambient ammonia. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 40A:1970;999-1007.
46. Pärt P. Urea and water permeability in dogfish (Squalus acanthias) gills. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 119A:1998;117-123.
47. Randall D.J., Wood C.M., Perry S.F., Bergman H., Maloiy G.M.O., Mommsen T.P., Wright P.A. Ureotelism in a completely aquatic teleost fish. A strategy for survival in an extremely alkaline environment Nature. 337:1989;165-166.
48. Read L.J. The presence of high ornithine-urea cycle enzyme activities in the teleost Opsanus tau. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 39B:1971;409-413.
49. Rice S.D., Stokes R.M. Metabolism of nitrogenous wastes in the eggs and alevins of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Blaxter J.H.S. The Early Life History of Fish. 1974;325-337 Springer-Verlag, New York.
50. Saha N., Ratha B.K. Active ureogenesis in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis. J. Exp. Zool. 241:1987;137-141.
51. Saha N., Ratha B.K. Comparative study of ureagenesis in freshwater, air-breathing teleosts. J. Exp. Zool. 252:1989;1-8.
52. Saha N., Ratha B.K. Alterations in excretion pattern of ammonia and urea in a freshwater air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) during hyper-ammonia stress. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 28:1990;597-599.
53. Schmidt-Nielsen B., Rabinowitz L. Methylurea and acetamide. Active reabsorption by elasmobranch renal tubules Science. 146:1964;1587-1588.
54. Schmidt-Nielsen B., Truniger B., Rabinowitz L. Sodium-linked urea transport by the renal tubule of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 42B:1972;13-25.
55. Smith C.P., Lee W-S., Martial S., Knepper M.A., You G., Sands J.M., Hediger M.A. Cloning and expression of the rat kidney urea transporter (rUT2). J. Clin. Invest. 96:1995;1556-1563.
56. Walsh, P.J. Evolution and regulation of ureagenesis and ureotely in fishes. Physiol. Rev. (In press).
57. Walsh P.J., Danulat E., Mommsen T.P. Variation in urea excretion in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta. Mar. Biol. 106:1990;323-328.
58. Walsh P.J., Milligan C.L. Effects of feeding and confinement on nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta. J. Exp. Biol. 198:1995;1559-1566.
59. Walsh P.J., Tucker B.C., Hopkins T.E. Effects of confinement/crowding on ureogenesis in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta. J. Exp. Biol. 191:1994;195-206.
60. Walsh P.J., Wood C.M., Perry S.F., Thomas S. Urea transport by hepatocytes and red blood cells of selected elasmobranch and teleost fishes. J. Exp. Biol. 193:1994;321-335.
61. Webb J.T., Brown G.W. Glutamine synthetase. Assimilatory role in liver as related to urea retention in marine chondrichthyes Science. 208:1980;293-295.
62. Wilkie M.P., Wood C.M. Nitrogenous waste excretion, acid-base regulation, and ionoregulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to extremely alkaline water. Physiol. Zool. 64:1991;1069-1086.
63. Wilkie M.P., Wright P.A., Iwama G.K., Wood C.M. The physiological responses of the Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi), a resident of highly alkaline Pyramid Lake (pH 9.4), to challenge at pH 10. J. Exp. Biol. 175:1993;173-194.
64. Wilkie M.P., Wright P.A., Iwama G.K., Wood C.M. The physiological adaptations of the Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) following transfer from well water to the highly alkaline waters of Pyramid Lake. Physiol. Zool. 67:1994;355-380.
65. Wilson R.P. Nitrogen metabolism in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. II. Evidence for an apparent incomplete ornithine-urea cycle. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 46B:1973;625-634.
66. Wood C.M., Bergman H.L., Laurent P., Maina J.N., Narahara A., Walsh P.J. Urea production, acid-base regulation and their interactions in the Lake Magadi tilapia, a unique teleost adapted to a highly alkaline environment. J. Exp. Biol. 189:1994;13-36.
67. Wood C.M., Pärt P., Wright P.A. Ammonia and urea metabolism in relation to gill function and acid-base balance in a marine elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). J. Exp. Biol. 198:1995;1545-1558.
68. Wood C.M. Ammonia and urea metabolism and excretion. Evans D.H. The Physiology of Fishes. 1993;379-425 CRC Press, Baton Rouge.
69. Wood C.M., Perry S.F., Wright P.A., Bergman H.L., Randall D.J. Ammonia and urea dynamics in the Lake Magadi tilapia. A teleost fish adapted to an extremely alkaline environment Respir. Physiol. 77:1989;1-20.
70. Wright P.A. Nitrogen excretion and enzyme pathways for ureagenesis in freshwater tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Physiol. Zool. 66:1993;881-901.
71. Wright P.A. Nitrogen excretion. Three endproducts, many physiological roles J. Exp. Biol. 198:1995;273-281.
72. Wright P.A., Felskie A., Anderson P.M. Induction of ornithine-urea cycle enzymes and nitrogen metabolism and excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during early life stages. J. Exp. Biol. 198:1995;127-135.
73. Wright P.A., Iwama G.K., Wood C.M. Ammonia and urea excretion in Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) adapted to highly alkaline Pyramid Lake (pH 9.4). J. Exp. Biol. 175:1993;153-172.
74. Wright P.A., Pärt P., Wood C.M. Ammonia and urea excretion in the tidepool sculpin (Oligocottus maculosus). Sites of excretion, effects of reduced salinity and mechanisms of urea transport Fish Physiol. Biochem. 14:1995;111-123.
75. Wright P.A., Perry S.F. A critical analysis of gas transfer in vivo and in a blood-perfused trout head preparation. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 6:1989;297-308.
76. Wright P.A., Wood C.M. An analysis of branchial ammonia excretion in the freshwater rainbow trout. Effects of environmental pH change and sodium uptake blockade J. Exp. Biol. 114:1985;329-353.
77. You G., Smith C.P., Kanai Y., Lee W.-S., Stelzner M., Hediger M.A. Expression cloning and characterisation of the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter. Nature. 365:1994;844-847.