Increased fibrinogen levels are associated with persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in unstable coronary artery disease

European Heart Journal

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 570-577

  Toss, H ^a,b   Gnarpe, J ^a   Gnarpe, H ^a   Siegbahn, A ^a   Lindahl, B ^a   Wallentin, L ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Acute myocardial infarction; C reactive protein; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Fibrinogen; Unstable angina

Indexed keywords

ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; DALTEPARIN; FIBRINOGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A ANTIBODY; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; TROPONIN T;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBODY TITER; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHLAMYDIASIS; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DISEASE ACTIVITY; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PERSISTENT INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS;

ANGINA, UNSTABLE; ANTIBODIES, ANTI-IDIOTYPIC; ANTICOAGULANTS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DALTEPARIN; FEMALE; FIBRINOGEN; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0031966017     PISSN: 0195668X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/euhj.1997.0771     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Ross R, Wright T, Strandness E, Thiele B. Human atherosclerosis: I. Cell constitution and characteristics of advanced lesions of the superficial femoral artery. Am J Pathol 1984; 114: 79-93.
2. Emeson E, Robertson A. T lymphocytes in aortic and coronary intimas. Their pathological role in atherogenesis. Am J Pathol 1988; 130: 369-76.
3. Falk E. Unstable angina with fatal outcome: dynamic coronary thrombosis leading to infarction and/or sudden death. Circulation 1985; 71: 699-708.
4. Arbustini E, Grasso M, Diegoli M et al. Coronary atherosclerotic plaques with and without thrombus in ischemic heart syndromes: A morphologic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68: 36B-50B.
5. Shah P, Falk E, Badimon J et al. Human monocyte-derived macrophages induce collagen breakdown in fibrous caps of atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation 1995; 92: 1565-9.
6. Ernofsson M, Tenno T, Siegbahn A. Inhibition of tissue factor expression in human peripheral blood monocytes exposed to cytokines. Br J Haemotol 1996; 95: 249-57.
7. Meade T, Vickers M, Thompson S, Seghatchian M. The effect of physiological levels of fibrinogen on platelet aggregation. Thromb Res 1985; 38: 527-34.
8. Chooi C, Gallus A. Acute phase reaction, fibrinogen level and thrombus size. Thromb Res 1989; 53: 493-501.
9. Meade T, Chakrabarti R, Haines A, North W, Stirling Y, Thomson S. Haemostatic function and cardiovascular death: Early results of a prospective study. Lancet 1980; May 17: 1050-3.
10. Kostis J, Baughman J, Kuo P. Association of recurrent myocardial infarction with hemostatic factors. Chest 1982; 81: 571-5.
11. Becker R, Cannon C, Bovill E et al. Prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen concentration in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (TIMI IIIB trial). Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 142-7.
12. Liuzzo G, Biasucci L, Gallimore R et al. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina. N Engl Med J 1994; 331: 417-24.
13. Sundelöf B, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Grillner L, Darougar S. Chlamydia pneumoniae in Swedish patients. Scand J Infect Dis 1993; 25: 429-33.
14. Kauppinen M, Sikku P. Pneumoniae due to Chlamydia pneumoniae: Prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Infectious Dis 1995; 25: 5244-52.
15. Saikku P, Leinonen M, Tenkanen L et al. Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the Helsinki heart study. Ann Int Med 1992; 116: 273-8.
16. Saikku P, Mattila K, Nieminen M et al. Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988; 2: 983-5.
17. Kuo C-C, Shor A, Campbell L, Fukushi H, Patton D, Graystone T. Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 841-9.
18. Muhlestein J, Hammond E, Carlquist J et al. Increased incidence of chlamydia species within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic versus other forms of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 1556-61.
19. Grayston T, Kuo C-C, Coulson A et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. Circulation 1995; 92: 3397-400.
20. Ramirez J. Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the coronary artery of a patient with coronary atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 979-82.
21. FRISC. Low-molecular-weight heparin during instability in coronary artery disease. Lancet 1996; 347: 561-7.
22. Gillum RF, Fortman SP, Prineas RJ, Kottke TE. International diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1984; 108: 150-7.
23. Falck G, Heyman L, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR): a common agent in acute bronchitis. Scand J Infect Dis 1994; 26: 179-87.
24. Gerhardt W, Katus H, Ravkilde J, Hamm C. S-Troponin-T as a marker of ischemic injury. Clin Chem 1992; 38: 1194-5.
25. Wu A, Valdes R, Apple F et al. Cardiac troponin T immunoassay for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 1994; 40: 900-7.
26. Toss H, Lindahl B, Siegbahn A, Wallentin L. Fibrinogen is a prognostic marker independent of troponin T in unstable coronary artery disease (Abstr). Circulation 1996; 94: I-323.
27. Patel P, Carrington D, Strachan D et al. Fibrinogen: a link between chronic infection and coronary heart disease. Lancet 1994; 343: 1634-5.
28. de Feyter P, Ozaki Y, Baptista J et al. Ischemia-related lesion characteristics in patients with stable or unstable angina. Circulation 1995; 92: 1408-13.
29. Silva J, Escobar A, Collins T, Ramee S, White C. Unstable angina: a comparison of angioscopic findings between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Circulation 1995; 92: 1731-6.
30. Davies M, Bland J, Hangarter J. Factors influencing the presence or absence of acute coronary thrombi in sudden ischemic death. Eur Heart J 1989; 10: 203-8.
31. Mendall M, Patel P, Ballam L, Strachan D, Northfield T. C reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: a population based cross sectional study. BMJ 1996; 312: 1061-5.
32. Gnarpe H, Gnarpe J. Increasing prevalence of specific antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae in Sweden. Lancet 1993; 341: 381.
33. Lindahl B, Venge P, Wallentin L. Relation between troponin T and the risk of subsequent cardiac events in unstable coronary artery disease. Circulation 1996; 93: 1651-7.
34. Tomasi T, Grey H. Structure and function of immunoglobulin A. Prog Allergy 1972; 16: 81-113.