Gene transcription of the retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) is regulated by fatty acids and hormones in rat hepatic cells

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 744-754

  Steineger, Hilde Hermansen ^a   Arntsen, Borghild M ^a   Spydevold, Øystein ^a   Sørensen, Hilde Nebb ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Dexamethasone; Insulin; MRNA level; Protein level; Regulation

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; DEXAMETHASONE; FATTY ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; INSULIN; LINOLENIC ACID; MESSENGER RNA; MYRISTIC ACID; OLEIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID X RECEPTOR; STEARIC ACID; THIOACETIC ACID;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HORMONAL REGULATION; LIPID METABOLISM; LIVER CELL; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RECEPTOR GENE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; CELLS, CULTURED; DEXAMETHASONE; DRUG INTERACTIONS; FATTY ACIDS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HORMONES; INSULIN; KINETICS; LIVER; LIVER NEOPLASMS, EXPERIMENTAL; MALE; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; RECEPTORS, RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID X RECEPTORS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRETINOIN;

EID: 0031965780     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Lock, E. A., A. M. Mitchell, and C. R. Elcombe. 1989. Biochemical mechanisms of induction of hepatic peroxisome proliferation. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 29: 145-163.
2. Reddy, J. K., and N. D. Lalwani. 1983. Carcinogenesis by hepatic peroxisome proliferators: evaluation of the risk of hypolipidemic drugs and industrial plasticizers to humans. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 12: 1-58.
3. Osmundsen, H., J. Bremer, and J. I. Pedersen. 1991. Metabolic aspects of peroxisomal β-oxidation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1085: 141-158.
4. Hess, R., W. Staubli, and W. Riess. 1965. Nature of the hepatomegalic effect produced by ethyl-chlorophenoxy-isobutyrate in the rat. Nature. 208: 856-858.
5. Neat, E. C., M. S. Thomassen, and H. Osmundsen. 1980. Induction of peroxisomal β-oxidation in rat liver by high-fat diets. Biochem. J. 186: 369-371.
6. Ishii, H., N. Fukumori, S. Horie, and T. Suga. 1980. Effects of fat content in the diet on hepatic peroxisomes of the rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 617: 1-11.
7. Issemann, I., and S. Green. 1990. Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators. Nature. 347: 645-650.
8. Keller, H., C. Dreyer, J. Medin, A. Mahfoudi, and K. Ozato. 1993. Fatty acids and retinoids control lipid metabolism through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 2160-2164.
9. Tugwood, J. D., I. Issemann, R. G. Anderson, K. R. Bundell, W. L. McPheat, and S. Green. 1992. The mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor recognizes a response element in the 5′ flanking sequence of the rat acyl CoA oxidase gene. EMBO J. 11: 433-439.
10. Bardot, O., T. C. Aldridge, N. Latruffe, and S. Green. 1993. PPAR-RXR heterodimer activates a peroxisome proliferator response element upstream of the bifunctional enzyme gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1: 37-45.
11. Palmer, C. N., M. H. Hsu, A. S. Muerhoff, K. J. Griffin, and E. F. Johnson. 1994. Interaction of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha with the retinoid X receptor alpha unmasks a cryptic peroxisome proliferator response element that overlaps an ARP-1-binding site in the CYP4A6 promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 18083-18089.
12. Zhang, B., S. L. Marcus, F. G. Sajjadi, K. Alvares, J. K. Reddy, S. Subramani, R. A. Rachubinski, and J. P. Capone. 1992. Identification of a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element upstream of the gene encoding rat peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 7541-7545.
13. Muerhoff, A. S., K. J. Griffin, and E. F. Johnson. 1992. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates the induction of CYP4A6, a cytochrome P450 fatty acid ω-hydroxylase, by clofibric acid. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 19051-19053.
14. Kliewer, S. A., K. Umesono, D. J. Noonan, R. A. Heyman, and R. M. Evans. 1992. Convergence of 9cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors. Nature. 358: 771-774.
15. Mangelsdorf, D. J., U. Borgmeyer, R. A. Heyman, J. Y. Zhou, E. S. Ong, A. E. Oro, A. Kakizuka, and R. M. Evans. 1992. Characterization of three RXR genes that mediates the action of 9-cis retinoic acid. Genes Dev. 6: 329-344.
16. Liu, Q., and E. Linney. 1993. The mouse retinoid-X receptor-gamma gene: genomic organization and evidence for functional isoforms. Mol. Endocrinol. 7: 651-658.
17. Dolle, P., V. Fraulob, P. Kastner, and P. Chambon. 1994. Developmental expression of murine retinoid X receptor (RXR) genes. Mech. Dev. 45: 91-104.
18. Nagata, T., Y. Kanno, K. Ozato, and M. Taketo. 1994. The mouse RXRb gene encoding RXR beta: genomic organization and two mRNA isoforms generated by alternative splicing of transcripts initiated from CpG island promoters. Gene. 142: 183-189.
19. Mangelsdorf, D. J., and R. M. Evans. 1995. The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. [Review]. Cell. 83: 841-850.
20. Giguere, V., E. S. Ong, P. Seigi, and R. M. Evans. 1987. Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid. Nature. 330: 624-629.
21. Petkovich, M., N. J. Brand, A. Krust, and P. Chambon. 1987. A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. Nature. 330: 444-450.
22. Brand, N., M. Petkovich, A. Krust, H. de Thé, P. Tiollais, and A. Dejean. 1988. Identification of a second human retinoic acid receptor. Nature. 332: 850-853.
23. Krust, A., P. Kastner, M. Petkovich, A. Zelent, and P. Chambon. 1989. A third human retinoic acid-receptor, hRAR-gamma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 5310-5314.
24. Zelent, A., A. Krust, M. Petkovich, P. Kastner, and P. Chambon. 1989. Cloning of murine alpha and beta retinoic acid receptors and a novel receptor gamma predominantly expressed in skin. Nature. 339: 714-717.
25. Ishikawa, T., K. Umesono, D. J. Mangelsdorf, H. Aburatani, B. Z. Stanger, Y. Shibasaki, M. Imawari, R. M. Evans, and F. Takaku. 1990. A functional retinoic acid receptor encoded by the gene on human chromosome 12. Mol. Endocrinol. 4: 837-844.
26. Benbrook, D., E. Lernhardt, and M. Pfahl. 1988. A new retinoic acid receptor identified from a hepatocellular carcinome. Nature. 333: 669-672.
27. Leid, M., P. Kastner, R. Lyons, H. Nakshatri, M. Saunders, T. Zacharewski, J. Y. Chen, A. Staub, J. M. Garnier, S. Mader, et al. 1992. Purification, cloning, and RXR identity of the HeLa cell factor with which RAR or TR heterodimerizes to bind target sequences efficiently [published erratum appears in Cell. 1992. Nov. 27; 71(5): following 886]. Cell. 68: 377-395.
28. Giguere, V. 1994. Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins: complex interplay in retinoid signaling. [Review]. Endocr. Rev. 15: 61-79.
29. Glass, C. K. 1994. Differential recognition of target genes by nuclear receptor monomers, dimers, and heterodimers. [Review]. Endocr. Rev. 15: 391-407.
30. Kastner, P., J. M. Grondona, M. Mark, A. Gansmuller, M. LeMeur, D. Decimo, J. L. Vonesch, P. Dolle, and P. Chambon. 1994. Genetic analysis of RXR alpha developmental function: convergence of RXR and RAR signaling pathways in heart and eye morphogenesis. Cell. 78: 987-1003.
31. Sucov, H. M., J. C. Izpisua-Belmonte, Y. Ganan, and R. M. Evans. 1995. Mouse embryos lacking RXR alpha are resistant to retinoic acid-induced limb defects. Development. 121: 3997-4003.
32. Sucov, H. M., E. Dyson, C. L. Gumeringer, J. Price, K. R. Chien, and R. M. Evans. 1994. RXR alpha mutant mice establish a genetic basis for vitamin A signaling in heart morphogenesis. Genes Dev. 8: 1007-1018.
33. Li, E., H. M. Sucov, K. F. Lee, R. M. Evans, and R. Jaenisch. 1993. Normal development and growth of mice carrying a targeted disruption of the alpha 1 retinoic acid receptor gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 1590-1594.
34. Sørensen, H. N., L. Norrheim, Ø. Spydevold, and K. M. Gautvik. 1990. Uptake and receptor binding of dexamethasone in cultured 7800C1 hepatoma cells in relation to regulation of cell growth and peroxisomal β-oxidation. Int. J. Biochem. 22: 1171-1177.
35. Spydevold, Ø., H. N. Sørensen, O. P. Clausen, and K. M. Gautvik. 1990. Dexamethasone inhibition of rat hepatoma cell growth and cell cycle traverse is reversed by insulin. Biochim. Biaphys. Acta. 1052: 221-228.
36. Sørensen, H. N., K. M. Gautvik, J. Bremen and Ø. Spydevoid. 1992. Induction of the three peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes is synergistically regulated by dexamethasone and fatty acids, and counteracted by insulin in Morris 7800C1 hepatoma cells in culture. Eur. J. Biochem. 208: 705-711.
37. Sørensen, H. N., E. Hvattum, E. J. Paulssen, K. M. Gautvik, J. Bremer, and Ø. Spydevold. 1993. Induction of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase by 3-thia fatty acid, in hepatoma cells and hepatocytes in culture is modified by dexamethasone and insulin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1171: 263-271.
38. Steineger, H. H., H. N. Sørensen, J. D. Tugwood, S. Skrede, Ø. Spydevold, and K. M. Gautvik. 1994. Dexamethasone and insulin demonstrate marked and opposite regulation of the steady-state mRNA level of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in hepatic cells. Hormonal modulation of fatty-acid-induced transcription. Eur. J. Biochem. 225: 967-974.
39. Lemberger, T., B. Staels, R. Saladin, B. Desvergne, J. Auwerx, and W. Wahli. 1994. Regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene by glucocorticoids. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 24527-24530.
40. Lemberger, T., R. Saladin, M. Vazquez, F. Assimacopoulos, B. Staels, B. Desvergne, W. Wahli, and J. Auwerx. 1996. Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene is stimulated by stress and follows a diurnal rhythm. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 1764-1769.
41. Spydevold, Ø., and J. Bremen 1989. Induction of peroxisomal β-oxidation in 7800C1 hepatoma cells in steady state by fatty acids and fatty acid analogues. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1003: 72-79.
42. Richardson, U. I., P. J. Snodgrass, C. T. Nuzum, and A. H. Tashjian, Jr. 1973. Establishment of a clonal strain of hepatoma cells which maintain in culture the five enzymes of the urea cycle. J. Cell. Physiol. 83: 141-150.
43. Berry, M. N., and D. S. Friend. 1969. High-yield preparation of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. J. Cell Biol. 43: 506-520.
44. Seglen, P. O. 1973. Preparation of rat liver cells. Exp. Cell Res. 82: 391-398.
45. Norrheim, L., H. Sørensen, K. Gautvik, J. Bremer, and Ø. Spydevold. 1990. Synergistic actions of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) and dexamethasone on induction of the peroxisomal β-oxidation and on growth inhibition on Morris hepatoma cells. Both effects are counteracted by insulin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1051: 319-323.
46. Toilet, P., M. Strömstedt, L. Frøyland, R. K. Berge, and J-Å. Gustafsson. 1994. Pretranslational regulation of cytochrome P4504A1 by free fatty acids in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. J. Lipid Res. 35: 248-254.
47. Mangelsdorf, D.J., S. O. Estelita, A. D. Jacqueline, and R. M. Evans. 1990. Nuclear receptor that identifies a novel retinoic acid response pathway. Nature. 345: 224-229.
48. Chirwin, J. M., A. E. Pryzbyla, R. J. MacDonald, and W. J. Rutter. 1979. Isolation of biological active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 18: 5294-5299.
49. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York. 7.46-7.50.
50. Wan, Y. J., L. Wang, and T. C. Wu. 1994. Dexamethasone increases the expression of retinoid X receptor genes in rat hepatoma cell lines. Lab. Invest. 70: 547-552.
51. McLaughlin, S., and A. Aderem. 1995. The myristoyl-electrostatic switch: a modulator of reversible protein-membrane interactions. [Review]. Trends. Biochem. Sci. 20: 272-276.
52. Hertz, R., and J. Bar-Tana. 1992. Induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation genes by retinoic acid in cultured rat hepatocytes. Biochem. J. 281: 41-43.
53. Dyson, E., H. M. Sucov, S. W. Kubalak, G. W. Schmid-Schonbein, F. A. DeLano, R. M. Evans, J. Ross, Jr., and K. R. Chien. 1995. Atrial-like phenotype is associated with embryonic ventricular failure in retinoid X receptor alpha -/- mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 7386-7390.
54. Kastner, P., M. Mark, and P. Chambon. 1995. Nonsteroid nuclear receptors: what are genetic studies telling us about their role in real life? [Review]. Cell. 83: 859-869.
55. Mangelsdorf, U. J., K. Umesono, S. A. Kliewer, U. Borgmeyer, E. S. Ong, and R. M. Evans. 1991. A direct repeat in the cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene confers differential regulation by RXR and RAR. Cell. 66: 555-561.